scholarly journals Migrant Labour Recruitment Reform in Malaysia: Towards Ethical and Zero-Cost Migration

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-164
Author(s):  
Low Choo Chin
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Debt Bondage ◽  
Migration Mechanism ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
The Government ◽  
Recruitment System ◽  
Global Initiatives ◽  
Recruitment Model

The pressures exerted by migrant workers’ countries of origin, regional calls for migrant protection, and global initiatives have pushed the Malaysian government for labour reforms in line with International Labour Organization standards. A weak labour migration mechanism has led to human trafficking, debt bondage, and workers’ exploitation.  Since 2018, Malaysia has concluded and renegotiated improved memoranda of understanding (MoUs) with countries of origin to address forced labour and human-trafficking. Reforming the recruitment system is formalised through government-to-government agreements to eliminate agents, enhance ethical recruitment, and adopt a zero migration-cost model. The analysis shows that the newly negotiated MoUs are significant in tackling the issue of irregular migration in three aspects, by including a clause on repatriation, changing to the government recruitment model, and adopting the employer-pays model. This research utilises official documents, media statements, and secondary literature. 

scholarly journals Tinjauan Literatur Pemerdagangan dan Eksploitasi Kanak- Kanak di Asia Tenggara

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORRUZEYATI CHE MOHD NASIR ◽  
MOHAMMAD RAHIM KAMALUDDIN
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Child Victims ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Child Trafficking ◽  
Debt Bondage ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Forced Labour

Human trafficking is a modern form of slavery and organized crime that violates human rights and threatens public and national security. The International Labor Organization (ILO) estimates that there are 40.3 million people have been the victims of human trafficking, with the majority of them are women and children. Children are the most vulnerable and high risk group to be sexually exploited through child marriage and economically exploited as forced labour and beggars. The establishment of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children in 2000, was an international effort to combat this crime. Countries in Southeast Asia are also confronted with this crisis especially involving children and have been identified either as a source, destination or transit countries in the case of human trafficking. While the issue is very alarming, the accurate assessment of child victims is yet to be found due to the clandestine nature of the crime. There are many factors such as poverty, debt bondage, traditional practices that encourage early marriage, low level of education, fraudulent documents and collaboration between the recruiter and family, leader or related agencies have contributed significantly towards the existing child trafficking and sexual exploitation issues. This articles aims to present issues pertaining to child trafficking and exploitation. With that in mind, the current study employs library research as a research design in order to gather information from various sources such as journal articles, books, reports, and conference proceedings. It is highly expected that this article would provide exposure and in-depth understanding regarding child trafficiking and exploitation to related agencies. In-depth understanding is vital to develop related policies and guidelines to curb this transnational crime.  

Turning the Table on the Exploitative Recruitment of Migrant Workers: The Cambodian Experience

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna K. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Debt Bondage ◽  
Migration Management ◽  
Sustainable System ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Real Chance

Abstract In 2009, regular labour migration from Cambodia to Malaysia grew at a rapid rate. As the result of a ban imposed by Indonesia, Cambodia’s private sector responded by immediately recruiting to fill the void. The number of women recruited, trained and sent to Malaysia was too high for the Cambodian Government to keep track of and by 2010 reports of underage recruitment, debt bondage and abuse in training centres were growing. Unable to control the recruitment agencies and with growing numbers of reports of abuse in Malaysia, Cambodia banned the sending of domestic workers to Malaysia in 2011. Since this ban, the government has been working to strengthen the system of labour migration management. The changes under way do little, however, to address the specific problems that existed before the ban. In addition, in developing initiatives that are restricted to the establishment of an agreement with Malaysia, increasing regulation and improving conditions in training centres, Cambodia is missing an opportunity to establish a comprehensive and self-sustainable system of protection, welfare and support for migrant workers. Cambodia has a unique opportunity to set up enduring systems that can regulate recruiters and protect migrants as the sector expands to other countries and other industries. In not taking full advantage of this opportunity, there is a real chance that this ban will not be the last.

scholarly journals STRATEGI PUBLIC RELATIONS PT INDOTAMA KARYA GEMILANG DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN PROSES PROSEDURAL TENAGA KERJA INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242
Author(s):  
Mareta Puri Rahastine ◽  
Silvina Mayasari ◽  
Natasha Sasmita
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Employment Training ◽  
Special Concern ◽  
The Government ◽  
Work Abroad ◽  
Depth Interviews

Indonesian Workers (TKI) are domestic workers who work abroad. TKI is the largest foreign exchange earner for Indonesia. For official migrant workers, they will receive employment training conducted at the Overseas Employment Training Center which is managed by Indonesian Manpower Services Distributors as their suppliers abroad. Since the height of the news about Human Trafficking / non-procedural human trafficking has become a special concern by the Indonesian government, various ways of prevention are carried out by the government together with related official institutions. The author uses descriptive-qualitative research method, which is done by direct observation and in-depth interviews with the parties concerned, and the data collected later on analysis by descriptive analysis by describing the results of research in the form of research reports. With the holding of campaigns by the government and related institutions such as that carried out by PT Indotama Karya Gemilang about understanding the importance of the procedural process for migrant workers, they can add their understanding of the process procedurally. 

Adult forced labour in Uzbekistan cotton may grow

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cotton Industry ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
Radio Free Europe ◽  
Regional Authorities

Subject Uzbekistan cotton Significance Regional authorities in Samarkand Province have started ordering wedding venues to cancel celebrations until the cotton harvest is completed, according to Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty's Uzbek Service. Pensioners, students and government employees are reportedly being sent to pick the crop. The increasing use of adults appears to be a result of attempts by President Islam Karimov's regime to be seen to be keeping children out of the cotton fields. Cotton is a crucial source or revenue for Uzbekistan. As remittance payments from migrant workers in Russia fall and hydrocarbons prices remain low, the crop's importance will grow. Impacts Education and healthcare will suffer up to the end of the cotton season in November as students and doctors are forced to pick the crop. United States upgrading of Uzbekistan's status on human trafficking risks decreasing pressure on Tashkent to reform further. Continual reliance on cotton industry will worsen water tensions between Uzbekistan and other Central Asian states.

scholarly journals Criminalisation of migration for domestic work from Myanmar to Singapore—need for a radical policy shift

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Deshingkar
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Work ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Migration System ◽  
Debt Bondage ◽  
Female Migration ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Policy Shift ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
The Government

AbstractBetween 2014 and April 2019, the government of Myanmar banned international migration for domestic work to Singapore and criminalised the brokering of such migration as well as predeparture training and placement of migrants as domestic workers in Singapore. These measures were taken in response to concerns over the alleged abuse of migrant women as well as international pressures to eliminate trafficking and debt bondage. Experienced brokers and recruitment agencies who were trading openly up until then were forced to cease operations. At the same time, large numbers of inexperienced and uncouth recruitment agencies emerged to take advantage of the black economy created by the ban. This resulted in women migrating irregularly from Myanmar to Singapore being exposed to greater risks which the paper traces. Four discernible impacts of the ban on the recruitment practices and working conditions faced by migrant women from Myanmar before departure and after arriving in Singapore were identified: a sharp increase in migration and placement costs, inadequate predeparture training, placement in forced labour conditions with extended and unclear repayment periods and no access to support from the Myanmar government while in Singapore. Although the ban has since been lifted, the resulting migration system had placed workers in conditions of extreme exploitation with little recourse to justice or having their voices heard. The paper ends by summarizing the unanticipated negative consequences of the criminalisation of migration brokerage in Myanmar and lessons for other countries that may be considering controls on female migration.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document