scholarly journals Rearrangeability of 2×2 W-S-W Elastic Switching Fabrics with Two Connection Rate

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Wojciech Kabaciński ◽  
Remigiusz Rajewski ◽  
Atyaf Al-Tameemi
Keyword(s):  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Optical Switches ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Switching Fabric ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Clos Network ◽  
Switching Fabrics

The rearreangeable conditions for the 2×2 three-stage switching fabric of a W-S-W architecture for elastic optical switches are considered in this paper. Analogies between the switching fabric considered and the three-stage Clos network are shown. On the other hand, differences are also shown, which presented the modifications required in the control algorithm used in rearrangeable networks. The rearrangeable conditions and the control algorithm are presented and proved. Operation of the proposed control algorithm is shown based on a few examples. The required number of frequency slot units in interstage links of rearrangeable switching fabrics is much lower than in the strict-sense non-blocking switching fabrics characterized by the same parameters.

The Codification of International Law

1924 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-280
Author(s):  
James Brown Scott
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Law Of Nations ◽  
The Law ◽  
Principles Of Justice ◽  
Correct Understanding

There are certain preliminary observations which should be made before we can take up the question of codifying international law or the method of codification, for without a correct understanding of certain matters, which may be considered fundamental, we may not know whether we are to deal with a system of law or a system of philosophy. As a matter of fact we are dealing with both, for law develops unconsciously or consciously in accordance with the principles of philosophy. If the law of nations is to be considered law in the strict sense of the word, we must deal with it as a system of law. If, on the other hand, it is a system of philosophy rather than of law, we must deal with it as philosophy, and the point of approach and the method of treatment will be different. But, above and beyond law, we are dealing with justice, and with those principles of justice, which, expressed in rules of law, we call the law of nations. Justice is the source; the principles of justice applicable to the conduct of nations constitute the law of nations, and the rules of law based upon these principles change with conditions, or to meet new conditions, and form the body and substance of international law at any given period.

Railroads and Regulation, 1877–1916: Conspiracy or Public Interest?

1967 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Harbeson
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Federal Regulation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Railroad System

Professor Gabriel Kolko in his recent work, Railroads and Regulation, 1877–1916, presents an interpretation or the origin, motivation, and consequences of the movement for federal regulation of railroads which differs in important respects from that which has hitherto been generally accepted. Thus it has generally been held that railway regulation was a response to the demands of farmers and other shippers for protection against monopolistic and discriminatory tactics on the part of the railroads and that regulation was bitterly resisted by the latter. Kolko, on the other hand, holds that regulation was actually welcomed by the railroads as a means of securing the rate and profit stability which they were unable to maintain by their own action, and that “the railroads, not the farmers and shippers, were the most important single advocates of federal regulation from 1877 to 1916” (p. 3). He concedes that “the movement for federal regulation of the railroad system was not, in any strict sense, deliberately initiated by the railroads’ (p. 20) and that legislation could not have been passed without shipper support, but points out that shippers were either inarticulate or divided with respect to the kind of regulation, if any, desired, and that the railroads were always able to secure the support of enough shipper groups to insure passage of the legislation which they favored. Furthermore, the railroads welcomed federal as opposed to state regulation, since they regarded the latter as punitive and restrictive and less amenable to their influence than federal regulation.

scholarly journals Animales míticos en el mundo clásico

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar González Serrano
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
The Real ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Rational Mind ◽  
Sobre Todo

No podemos decir que los antiguos griegos practicaran la zoolatría en el sentido estricto de la palabra, su mente analítica y racionalista, contraria al caos primigéneo, concibió un cosmos ordenado, tras el combate en el que dioses y humanos ¡untos, combatieron a los gigantes, es decir, contra cualquier cosa brutal y desproporcionada de la naturaleza misma. Y sólo en este sentido, gustaron representar monstruosas criaturas que eran, de hecho los errores de Gea, los errores de la madre tierra. Por otra parte, el resultado de la fantasía simbólica de los griegos fue una larga serie de monstruos, en la mayoría de los casos de inspiración oriental, que significaron los peligros, sobre todo los peligros del mar y los límites occidentales del l^editerráneo al que los navegantes se tenían que enfrentar, pero lo más interesante es que tanto los animales reales: toros, leones, caballos, serpientes, palomas, delfines, etc., como los fantásticos: gorjones, sirenas, sátiros, centauros, etc., fueron transformados por las manos de los artistas griegos en preciosas criaturas para siempre.We can't say that the ancient greeks practised the zoolatrie in the strict sense of the word. Their analytic and rational mind opposite to the primigenious chaos, conceived a methodical «cosmos», after the fight in which the gods and humans together, combated against the giants; it means, againts everything brutal and desproportionate of the Nature itself. And only in that sense they liked to represent monstruos creatures that were, in fact, the Gea's mistakes, the Mother Earth's mistakes. On the other hand, the result of the greek's symbolic fantasy was a long series of monsters, in most cases the oriental inspiration that means the dangers, above all the dangers of the sea and the occidental limits of Mediterranean with which the navigators have of face. But the most interesting thing was both the real animáis: bulls, lions, fiorses, snakes, doves, dolphins, etc., and tfie fantastic ones: faucets, gorgons, shrews, sirens, satyrs, centaurs, etc., were transformed by the fiands of tfie greek artists in ttie beautiful creatures forever.

Das Zustandspassiv – Pragmatische Beschränkungen und Regelkonflikte

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Welke
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Past Time ◽  
Target State ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Opposite Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

AbstractIn constructions of copula + participle II, often called “Zustandspassiv”, we find many unclear restrictions. Maienborn (2007: 83-115) explains these by pragmatics in the following way: One invariant meaning is opposed to different pragmatic readings that are gaining their existence in the pragmatic level only. We explain these restrictions in semantics itself. Restrictions in forming copula + participle II-constructions are due to conflicts between the construction meaning of copula constructions and the construction meanings of participles II. Pragmatics is mediating between the conflicting construction meanings by means of pragmatic implicatures. Due to these accommodations nearly no copula + participle construction is grammatically wrong in a strict sense, but many constructions remain restricted in their acceptability. The construction meaning of Zustandspassiv is opposed to three meaning variants of participle II. The interplay between the construction meaning of copula constructions and the three meaning variants of participles II results in different accomodations between copula-constructions and participle meanings. In some cases participle meanings adapt to copula construction meanings, in other cases the opposite process is going on. On the one hand the construction meaning of copula construction is the predication of a property to the referent of the subject. On the other hand there are a post state (target state) meaning, a present state meaning and a past time meaning of particples II. The interplay with the construction meaning of the copula construction results in four meaning variants of Zustandspassiv: post state (target state) as a property, present state as a property, past time of an event as a property, and past time meaning only. The meaning ‘past time of an event as a property’ is grammaticalizing to a past

Is the Institution of Private Property Part of the Natural Law? Ius gentium and ius naturale in Aquinas’s Account of the Right to “Steal” When in Urgent Need

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 189-210
Author(s):  
Francis Feingold ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Private Property ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Human Use ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ius Gentium

Is the institution of private property part of the natural law? Leo XIII seems to say simply that it is, and many modern Catholic thinkers have followed suit. Aquinas presents a more nuanced view. On the one hand, he denies that the institution of private property is “natural” in the strict sense—unlike the ordering of physical goods to general human use. On the other hand, he maintains that private property does belong to the ius gentium, which is founded directly upon natural law in the strict sense. I argue that this relegation of private property to the ius gentium is necessary in order for Aquinas to coherently maintain that it is licit to “steal” when in dire need, but that this relegation nonetheless does not deprive private property of the kind of “natural” character which Leo XIII ascribes to it.

scholarly journals Strict-Sense Nonblocking Conditions for the log2⁡N-1 Multirate Switching Fabric for the Discrete Bandwidth Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Remigiusz Rajewski
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Switching Fabric ◽  
Sufficient And Necessary Conditions ◽  
Switching Fabrics

The article discusses the strict-sense nonblocking conditions derived for the log2⁡N-1 multirate switching fabric for the discrete bandwidth model at the connection level. Architecture of the log2⁡N-1 switching fabric was described in previous study; however, conditions for the multirate discrete bandwidth model as well as comparison with different structures have not been published before. Both sufficient and necessary conditions were introduced and proved in this study. A few numerical examples which help to understand an idea of the multirate bandwidth model for the log2⁡N-1 switching fabrics were delivered as well. Additionally a comparison of achieved results to the banyan switching structures and a comparison of the costs of all mentioned in this study structures expressed as the number of optical elements were done.

scholarly journals Authentizität – diskursives Wertkonzept und wissenschaftliche Kategorie

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 89-104
Author(s):  
Heidrun Kämper
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Functional Difference ◽  
Language History ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Historical Authenticity ◽  
The One

The authentic as a category of description and value is on the one hand an element of public discourse in order to constitute authenticity and truthfulness in various everyday contexts, on the other hand represents a central object of cultural studies. The functional difference in use resulting from this diversity of the concept is included in the following contribution, which is on the one hand in the context of the research network “Historical Authenticity” of the Leibniz Scientific Association. On the other hand, the considerations are derived from a planned research project on a linguistic social history 1933 to 1945. Newer developments in use and changes in the semantic structure of authentic and the word family are reconstructed in order to answer the question of authenticity as a social construct. On the basis of this finding on the general use of authentic/authenticity, considerations follow, concerning the handling of such language data in the context of language history writing, which are not authentic in the strict sense, i. e. genuine and original. It is about the predicate “authentic” in terms of language data. More precisely, the category “authentic” is placed as a valuation term in the context of language history with the question: What is an authentic language date?

Work and Wealth

1940 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-217
Author(s):  
Yves R. Simon
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Manual Work ◽  
Labor Time ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Right Order ◽  
Primary Form

IN DISCUSSIONS concerning such problems as labor-time, leisure, unemployment and thefuture of industrial society, it can be noticed that a number of persons become entangled in a net of confusions and sophisms by failing to consider the finalities of work in the right order. In short, we observe that men profit by working because work provides them with the commodities they need; they profit by working, on the other hand, because labor activities secure a sound training of the mind together with a salutary discipline of the appetites. Thus, two lines of results can be ascribed to labor activity. We maintain that they cannot have the same significance in terms of finality. Harmful confusions are to be feared unless we keep in mind their subordination to one another. We have seen, in a previous study, that labor-activity belongs to the category of transitive activities in the strict sense of the word. It consists in a production, in a casual flow, in the emanation of a term, in the bringing into existence of an effect. Moreover, it is essentially, at least in the primary form of manual work, the production of a term exterior to the acting individual. However profoundly the worker may be affected, in his person, by the work he exercises, it is quite clear that the termswhich defines laboractivity is not its immanent, but its exterior result.

scholarly journals PASSIVE IN WESTERN MANSI

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-131
Author(s):  
Анна Юрьевна Урманчиева ◽  
Владимир Александрович Плунгян
Keyword(s):  
Information Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
Primary Function ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Main Protagonist

Данная работа открывает серию статей, в которых проводится сопоставительное изучение употребления пассивных форм в диалектах мансийского языка. В мансийском языке (обско-угорские угорские уральские) выделяется несколько диалектных групп: северная (по рекам Сосьва, Ляпин и по верхнему течению р. Лозьва), южная (по р. Тавда), восточная (по р. Конда) и западная (по рекам Пелым и Вагиль и по реке Лозьва в ее среднем и нижнем течении). Южные и западные диалекты исчезли уже в начале XX века, восточные просуществовали несколько дольше, приблизительно до середины прошлого столетия; в настоящее время сохраняются только мансийские идиомы северной диалектной группы. Сравнение функций одних и тех же грамматических форм в разных вариантах многодиалектного языка в перспективе позволит реконструировать картину диалектной дивергенции мансийского: во-первых, определить междиалектные связи, во вторых, установить возможные сепаратные внешние связи того или иного локального варианта, которые привели к изменению функционирования определенных грамматических форм. Исследование проводилось прежде всего на материале мансийского корпуса проектов “Ob-Ugric languages” и “Ob-Ugric database” (http://www.babel.gwi.uni-muenchen.de/). The paper describes the following aspects of the use of passive forms in Western Mansi narratives: — grammatical semantics of forms with passive morphology (passive in a strict sense, impersonal constructions, adversative, ...); — information structure of passive utterances; — pragmatic conditions for choosing between active and passive voice. On the one hand, in Western Mansi arose a specific correlation between different functions of passive with different communicative structures: — the passive in a strict sense, like the adversative, is used only with a topical object; — the adversative can be used with a topical as well as with a focal subject, whereas the passive — only with a topical one; — the adversative developed a special discursive function: the introduction of a new (focal) subject into the narrative; On the other hand, the passive in a strict sense, whose primary function is a ranking of topics according to their communicative salience, is used in Western Mansi narratives almost automatically. It is used to promote the only one patientive argument — only the main protagonist of a story. This means that speakers do not use passive voice to rank topics; rather they choose a passive form depending on an already predetermined rank.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

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