The human microbiota, which consists of trillions of microorganisms,
impacts the host’s health and treatment of potential diseases. The role
of the microbiota in the development and treatment of childhood leukemia
is still not clear. This study reviews the current scientific
understanding of the changes in gut microbiota composition during
chemotherapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children and
assesses its impact on the treatment process. The findings show
alterations in gut microbiota are obvious at the time of diagnosis of
ALL. During intensive chemotherapy, dysbiosis persists, and after
treatment, the microbiota restores its diversity. However, there are
significant gaps in understanding the impact of gut microbiota on the
severity of treatment complications and overall survival rate.