scholarly journals Perception and acceptance of rooftop farming by residents in Bangalore, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Island Effect ◽  
Rooftop Farming ◽  
Practitioner Survey ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The City ◽  
Moderate Climate

Urbanization is making urban communities grow and increase in density. As this occurs, nature is expelled from urban areas and use of solid, slate and metal surfaces; carbon discharges increase the Urban Heat Island Effect. Rooftops are the spots that give an individual a chance to fantasize and allow them an imaginative standpoint towards their environment. What better place could there be for a garden or far and away superior, a vegetable garden? Rooftops are underutilized whereas it has a great potential. This paper is the study to understand the scope of development and perception of rooftop farming in residences in Bangalore. Two distinct surveys have been conducted to know the citizen's perception of the rooftop farming: one being a practitioner survey and the other is the non-practitioner survey. Rooftop farming has a wide applicability in zones with moderate climate and hence could be incorporated in the city very efficiently. To conclude, a few guidelines have been recommended to enhance rooftop cultivating practice and urge more individuals to rehearse rooftop farming for the better change of urban life.

scholarly journals Data and techniques for studying the urban heat island effect in Johannesburg

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-7/W3 ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Hardy ◽  
A. L. Nel
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Urban Heat Island Effect ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Island Effect ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The City

The city of Johannesburg contains over 10 million trees and is often referred to as an urban forest. The intra-urban spatial variability of the levels of vegetation across Johannesburg’s residential regions has an influence on the urban heat island effect within the city. Residential areas with high levels of vegetation benefit from cooling due to evapo-transpirative processes and thus exhibit weaker heat island effects; while their impoverished counterparts are not so fortunate. The urban heat island effect describes a phenomenon where some urban areas exhibit temperatures that are warmer than that of surrounding areas. The factors influencing the urban heat island effect include the high density of people and buildings and low levels of vegetative cover within populated urban areas. This paper describes the remote sensing data sets and the processing techniques employed to study the heat island effect within Johannesburg. In particular we consider the use of multi-sensorial multi-temporal remote sensing data towards a predictive model, based on the analysis of influencing factors.

scholarly journals Urban "Heat-Island Effect" and its Connection with Architectural and Climatic Features on the Example of Poltava

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.2) ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
Yuri Golik ◽  
Oksana Illiash ◽  
Nataliia Maksiuta
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Urban Heat Island Effect ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Island Effect ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The Given ◽  
The City

The concept of "heat-island effect", its structure and features of formation over the city are given. The climatic and other features of the city that influence the formation of this phenomenon are mentioned.  The data on functioning in the city of the municipal production enterprise of the heat economy is indicated. The traditional method for determining the formation of the urban "heat-island effect" is described. The data and comparative graphs on the temperature regimes of the city and region are presented. The possibility of influencing architectural features of the city on the formation of the "heat-island-effect" is determined. According to the obtained results, further integrated researches are proposed for obtaining reliable results of the given question. 

scholarly journals Sustainable Site System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorden J. S. Lefler
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Rating Systems ◽  
Island Effect ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Site Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This thesis discusses a method of analysing the input of interventions in a building's site design, all of which affect the heat island effect, bio-diversity and hydrology of urban areas. Existing standards from Toronto, Vancouver and Berlin have been researched and analysed. This paper presents an evolution of a method called biotope area factor used in Berlin, Germany. A synthesis of the approach of all three systems was considered and distilled into the key points which were then incorporated into the proposed method. In addition to the impact of an individual building, it also includes the impact from the adjacent street area. The final components of this thesis are the application of the method developed to an urban area in the city of Toronto and results showing the impacts on architectural design from site rating systems.

Evaluation of the surface urban heat island effect in the city of Madrid by thermal remote sensing

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 3177-3192 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Sobrino ◽  
Rosa Oltra-Carrió ◽  
Guillem Sòria ◽  
Juan Carlos Jiménez-Muñoz ◽  
Belén Franch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Urban Heat Island Effect ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Thermal Remote Sensing ◽  
Island Effect ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Surface Urban Heat Island ◽  
The City

Emergence of opposite trends in daytime and night-time urban heat island intensities in England

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Lo ◽  
Dann Mitchell ◽  
Sylvia Bohnenstengel ◽  
Mat Collins ◽  
Ed Hawkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Heat Island Effect ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Island Effect ◽  
Urban Heat

<p>Urban environments are known to be warmer than their sub-urban or rural surroundings, particularly at night. In summer, urban heat islands exacerbate the occurrence of extreme heat events, posing health risks to urban residents. In the UK where 90% of the population is projected to live in urban areas by 2050, projecting changes in urban heat islands in a warming climate is essential to adaptation and urban planning.</p><p>With the use of the new UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) in which urban land use is constant, I will show that both summer urban and sub-urban temperatures are projected to increase in the 10 most populous built-up areas in England between 1980 and 2080. However, differential warming rates in urban and sub-urban areas, and during day and at night suggest a trend towards a reduced daytime urban heat island effect but an enhanced night-time urban heat island effect. These changes in urban heat islands have implications on thermal comfort and local atmospheric circulations that impact the dispersion of air pollutants. I will further demonstrate that the opposite trends in daytime and night-time urban heat island effects are projected to emerge from current variability in more than half of the studied cities below a global mean warming of 3°C above pre-industrial levels.</p>

scholarly journals How effective is ‘greening’ of urban areas in reducing human exposure to ground-level ozone concentrations, UV exposure and the ‘urban heat island effect’? An updated systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teri Knight ◽  
Sian Price ◽  
Diana Bowler ◽  
Amy Hookway ◽  
Sian King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Urban Heat Island Effect ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Ground Level Ozone ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Island Effect ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Urban Heat

Abstract Background This review updates a systematic review published in 2010 (http://www.environmentalevidence.org/completed-reviews/how-effective-is-greening-of-urban-areas-in-reducing-human-exposure-to-ground-level-ozone-concentrations-uv-exposure-and-the-urban-heat-island-effect) which addressed the question: How effective is ‘greening’ of urban areas in reducing human exposure to ground-level ozone concentrations, UV exposure and the ‘urban heat island effect’? Methods Searches of multiple databases and journals for relevant published articles and grey literature were conducted. Organisational websites were searched for unpublished articles. Eligibility criteria were applied at title, abstract and full text and included studies were critically appraised. Consistency checks of these processes were undertaken. Pre-defined data items were extracted from included studies. Quantitative synthesis was performed through meta-analysis and narrative synthesis was undertaken. Review findings 308 studies were included in this review. Studies were spread across all continents and climate zones except polar but were mainly concentrated in Europe and temperate regions. Most studies reported on the impact of urban greening on temperature with fewer studies reporting data on ground-level UV radiation, ozone concentrations (or precursors) or public health indicators. The findings of the original review were confirmed; urban green areas tended to be cooler than urban non-green areas. Air temperature under trees was on average 0.8 °C cooler but treed areas could be warmer at night. Cooling effect showed tree species variation. Tree canopy shading was a significant effect modifier associated with attenuation of solar radiation during the day. Urban forests were on average 1.6 °C cooler than comparator areas. Treed areas and parks and gardens were associated with improved human thermal comfort. Park or garden cooling effect was on average 0.8 °C and trees were a significant influence on this during the day. Park or garden cooling effect extended up to 1.25 kms beyond their boundaries. Grassy areas were cooler than non-green comparators, both during daytime and at night, by on average 0.6 °C. Green roofs and walls showed surface temperature cooling effect (2 and 1.8 °C on average respectively) which was influenced by substrate water content, plant density and cover. Ground-level concentrations of nitrogen oxides were on average lower by 1.0 standard deviation units in green areas, with tree species variation in removal of these pollutants and emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (precursors of ozone). No clear impact of green areas on ground level ozone concentrations was identified. Conclusions Design of urban green areas may need to strike a balance between maximising tree canopy shading for day-time thermal comfort and enabling night-time cooling from open grassy areas. Choice of tree species needs to be guided by evapotranspiration potential, removal of nitrogen oxides and emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds. Choice of plant species and substrate composition for green roofs and walls needs to be tailored to local thermal comfort needs for optimal effect. Future research should, using robust study design, address identified evidence gaps and evaluate optimal design of urban green areas for specific circumstances, such as mitigating day or night-time urban heat island effect, availability of sustainable irrigation or optimal density and distribution of green areas. Future evidence synthesis should focus on optimal design of urban green areas for public health benefit.

scholarly journals Changes in Urbanization and Urban Heat Island Effect in Dhaka City

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A S M Shanawaz Uddin ◽  
Najeebullah Khan ◽  
Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul I ◽  
Mohammad Kamruzzaman ◽  
Shamsuddin Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The City

Abstract Urbanization changes the local environment, resulting in urban heat island (UHI) effect and deteriorating human life quality. Knowledge of urban environments and temperature changes is important to outline the urban planning process for mitigation of UHI effect. The study aimed to assess the changes in urban areas and UHI effects in Dhaka city, Bangladesh from 2001to 2017, using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) daily day- and nighttime land surface temperature (LST) data from 2001to 2017. The expansion of the city was calculated using the city clustering algorithm (CCA). The temperature of the identified urbanized area was analyzed and compared with the adjacent regions. The changes in urban temperature were estimated using non-parametric statistical methods. The results showed that the Dhaka city area has grown by 19.12% and its inhabitants by 76.65% during 2001–2017. Urban expansion and dense settlements caused an increase in average temperature in some areas of Dhaka city nearly 3°C compared to that at its boundary. The day and night temperatures at Dhaka city's warmest location were nearly 7 and 5ºC, respectively, more than the coolest point outside the city. The city's annual average day- and nighttime temperature was increasing at a rate of 0.03° and 0.023°C/year over the period 2001–2017. The rising temperature would increase the UHI effect in the future, which combined with high humidity, may cause a significant increase in public health risk in the city if mitigation practices are not followed.

scholarly journals The urban heat island effect is closely related to cicada density in metropolitan Seoul

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoa Q. Nguyen ◽  
Yuseob Kim ◽  
Yikweon Jang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Island Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Urban Heat

Background. Cryptotympana atrata and Hyalessa fuscata are the most abundant cicada species in the Korean Peninsula, where their population densities are higher in urban areas than in rural ones. The urban heat island (UHI) effect, wherein human activities cause urban areas to be significantly warmer than surrounding rural areas, may underlie this difference. We predicted a positive relationship between the degrees of UHI in urban areas and population densities of C. atrata and H. fuscata. Methods. To test this prediction, we examined cicada population densities in three groups: those of high and low UHI areas within metropolitan Seoul, and suburban areas. Enumeration surveys of cicada exuviae were conducted from July to August, 2015. Results. C. atrata and H. fuscata constituted almost 30% and 70% of the cicada populations, respectively, collected across all sampling localities. No significant difference in species composition was observed, regardless of groups, but the densities of the two species were significantly higher in urban areas with high UHI than in other groups. Specifically, densities of C. atrata in high UHI areas were approximately seven and four times higher compared to those in low UHI and in suburban groups, respectively. The order of magnitude was greater in H. fuscata, where densities in high UHI group were respectively 22 and six times higher than those in low UHI and in suburban groups. Discussion. These results suggest that the UHI effect may be closely linked to high cicada densities in metropolitan Seoul, although the underlying mechanism for this remains unclear.

Analysis of temperature trends and urban heat island in Madrid

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregorio Maqueda ◽  
Carlos Yagüe ◽  
Carlos Román-Cascón ◽  
Encarna Serrano ◽  
Jon Ander Arrillaga
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Surface Energy Budget ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Synoptic Situation ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Measuring Period ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The City

<p>The temperature in the cities is affected by both global climate change and local changes due to human activities and the different land use compared to rural surroundings. These local changes, which modify the surface energy budget in urban areas, include the replacement of the natural surfaces by buildings and pavements and the heat of anthropogenic origin (heating, air conditioning, traffic). Madrid city (Spain) has a current population of near 3.3 million people and a larger metropolitan area reaching around 6.5 million people. Hence, it is affected by the phenomenon called urban heat island (UHI), which indicates that a higher temperature is found in the city compared with the surrounding rural areas. UHI is defined as the temperature difference between the urban observatory and the rural one and especially affects the minimum temperatures since urban areas cool down to a lesser extent than the neighbouring rural sites. Moreover, the intensity of the UHI is modulated by the meteorological conditions (wind, cloudiness, surface pressure, precipitation), highly associated with different synoptic situations. In this work, we use the Madrid-Retiro meteorological station as the urban one, which has regular and homogeneous data from the beginning of XX century; and the station at Barajas airport (12 km from the city centre) as well as other stations out of Madrid city (but within a range of 20 km from the city centre) as the rural stations. They all have a common measuring period from 1961 until present. The main objectives of the work are: 1) to identify temperature trends in the meteorological stations (both urban and rural); 2) to evaluate the intensity of the UHI for the different rural stations; 3) to apply a systematic and objective algorithm to classify each day in different categories (related to synoptic situation) that produce a different degree of UHI intensity; and, 4) to evaluate possible trends in the UHI intensity.</p>

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