scholarly journals Kin-making in the Reproductive Penumbram: Surrogacy in Aotearoa New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Gibson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Reproductive Medicine ◽  
The State ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Fertility Clinic ◽  
Gestational Surrogacy

<p>As many as one in four New Zealanders experience infertility. Some choose to pursue surrogacy as an option to make a family because traditional surrogacy and gestational surrogacy are legal in Aotearoa New Zealand on an altruistic basis. Straddling the two reproductive worlds – ‘traditional’ and ‘technological’ – surrogacy in Aotearoa New Zealand offers us a ripe site for analysis and rethinking how kinship is made and unmade within what I refer to as the reproductive penumbra. Surrogacy as a reproductive practice exists outside of, or in the shadows of, heteronormative reproduction and mainstream Euro-American kinship. Surrogacy also asks people to enter an unknown reproductive space and navigate myriad processes, institutions, and legislations to realise their plans to make kin non-normatively. Drawing on three years of multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork, in this thesis I unpack what kin-practices, narratives, rituals, rules, and relationships are mobilised within and between the various landscapes involved in surrogacy in Aotearoa New Zealand. I outline how people make kin in the multiple shadows they inhabit and move through during their surrogacy journeys. These range from the intimate and inter-personal relationships in the surrogacy community, the fertility clinic, and inside the embryology laboratory, to the institutional and regulatory processes and the state. Through their negotiation of these spaces that are situated in the shadows of the colonial state, everyday legality, and motherhood ideologies, intended parents and surrogates disrupt, to varying degrees, pervasive ideas about kinship with different interpretations and enactments of reproductive participation. Through detailed narratives of people wanting to and helping make kin in the shadows, this research on surrogacy complicates societal understandings of the co-constructed nature of kinship, motherhood, and reproductive medicine. Rather than positioning kin-making in shadows as inherently negative, this thesis celebrates the potentiality and plurality of reproduction that underpins and emerges from surrogacy.</p>

“Doing it Our Way” Participation and Kinship in Traditional Surrogacy Narratives in Aotearoa New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Hannah Grace Gibson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Women’S Autonomy ◽  
Women's Autonomy ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
State Oversight ◽  
Gestational Surrogacy ◽  
Multiple Discourses

The practice of traditional surrogacy gives rise to multiple discourses around women’s autonomy and kinship practices globally. In the Aotearoa New Zealand context, traditional surrogacy (where the surrogate donates her own egg as well as gestating the foetus) is legal only on an altruistic basis. Furthermore, it is subject to neither medical nor state oversight, unlike gestational surrogacy which is heavily regulated. Drawing on three years of ethnographic research, this article focuses on both traditional surrogates in Aotearoa New Zealand who have children of their own and those who have chosen a childfree life. Their narratives reveal multilayered motivations that align with and diverge from the ‘help’ narrative often associated with altruistic surrogacy. By drawing on and contributing to current debates on surrogacy globally, I show that traditional surrogates take on their role with clear ideas about kinship and different interpretations of reproductive participation. Their narratives bring to the fore the under-researched topic of traditional surrogacy, and in particular of women who do not want children of their own but choose to donate their eggs and gestate the foetus for another woman. I argue that their negotiation of stigma to make/resist kin disrupts pervasive heteronormative modes of kinship.

scholarly journals Can the subaltern heal? Medical marijuana in Aotearoa New Zealand

2020 ◽  
pp. 144078332092514
Author(s):  
Kevin Dew ◽  
Lucas Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Terminal Illness ◽  
Medical Marijuana ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Recreational Use

In this article the concepts of statist medicine and subaltern therapeutics are used to provide insight into the debates over the therapeutic use of marijuana in cases of serious or terminal illness. In 2015 medical marijuana gained public attention in Aotearoa New Zealand as cases of people facing life-threatening conditions who wished to use marijuana for therapeutic purposes were given voice in the popular media. In Aotearoa New Zealand marijuana use is illegal for recreational purposes, but theoretically patients with particular conditions could gain access to medicinal forms of marijuana if health professionals, the Ministry of Health and the relevant government minister approved. This approval process is embedded within statist medicine’s regulatory regimes, where access can be provided on condition that the medication meets standards of safety and efficacy. Patients faced with the difficulty of negotiating the processes of statist medicine to access medical marijuana often reverted to illegal means of accessing the plant. Access to illegal forms of marijuana for medical purposes could be through ‘green fairies’, people who provided the plant for therapeutic purposes in a way that was distant from the criminalised recreational use of the drug obtained through ‘dealers’. The process of the state, patients and marijuana providers negotiating the regulation of therapeutic uses of marijuana provides insights into the role of statist medicine and subaltern therapeutics. The case of medical marijuana alerts us to the possibilities of other subaltern therapeutic practices that operate beyond the gaze of the state.

scholarly journals Science advice in New Zealand: Opportunities for development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Boston ◽  
Ben Jeffares ◽  
Juliet Gerrard ◽  
Shane Hendy ◽  
Wendy Larner
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
The State ◽  
Good Science ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Science Advice ◽  
Understanding Of Science ◽  
The Government

What is the state of play for science advice to the government and Parliament? After almost ten years with a prime minister’s chief science advisor, are there lessons to be learnt? How can we continue to ensure that science advice is effective, balanced, transparent and rigorous, while at the same time balancing the need for discretion and confidentiality? In this article, we suggest that the hallmarks of good science – transparency and peer review – can be balanced against the need to provide confidential advice in an Aotearoa New Zealand context. To complement the advice to the prime minister, an expanded role for the Royal Society Te Apärangi would support public and parliamentary understanding of science and science issues relevant to policy.

scholarly journals Editorial: The social work voice – doxa and dissent in neoliberal times

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Keddell ◽  
Deb Stanfield ◽  
Ian Hyslop
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Critical Responses

Welcome to this special issue of Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work. The theme for this edition is Child protection, the family and the state: critical responses in neoliberal times.

scholarly journals Conclusion: Spiralling Forwards, Backwards, and Together to Decolonise Freshwater

2021 ◽  
pp. 463-482
Author(s):  
Meg Parsons ◽  
Karen Fisher ◽  
Roa Petra Crease
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Tribal Group ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Settler Societies ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
Justice Movements

AbstractIn this concluding chapter, we bring together our earlier analyses of the historical and contemporary waterscapes of the Waipā River (Aotearoa New Zealand) to consider the theory and practice of Indigenous environmental justice. In this chapter, we return to review three key dimensions of environmental justice: distributive, procedural, and recognition. We summarise the efforts of one Māori tribal group (Ngāti Maniapoto) to challenge the knowledge and authority claims of the settler-colonial-state and draw attention to the pluralistic dimensions of Indigenous environmental (in)justice. Furthermore, we highlight that since settler colonialism is not a historic moment but still a ongoing reality for Indigneous peoples living settler societies it is critically important to critically evaluate theorising about and environmental justice movements through a decolonising praxis.

scholarly journals [email protected]: Mapping the Landscape of the “Century of the Child”

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen May
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Discourses ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Family ◽  
Present Context ◽  
Emergence Of Institutions

The “Century of the Child” was so named in 1900 by the Swedish writer Ellen Key. In its concluding year, this chapter sketches some maps of childhood in “Aotearoa New Zealand” in terms of: changes in how our society has viewed “children before five”; the emergence of institutions outside of the family to care and educate the “before fives”; different constructions of “before five” childhood and child institutions for Maori and Pakeha; the present context of early childhood services sited amidst new economic and political discourses that are transforming the role of the state.

scholarly journals Notes Towards a New Agenda for Policy-Making in Aotearoa/New Zealand

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Lauder
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
The State ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Current Direction ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Post Industrial

As the smoke cleared away from the battlefield during the truce of Christmas 1992, a degree of clarity began to emerge about the state of education in New Zealand. After four years of struggle it became apparent that however the outstanding issues were resolved in 1993 there would be legacy of problems, largely but not wholly, associated with those reforms that sought to turn education into a market and knowledge into a commodity. Not all reforms were tarnished by the market brush. Some, like the development of the national curriculum, appeared to be serendipitous, while others like government support for more Kura Kaupapa Schools betokened a degree of tolerance and understanding not, hitherto, associated with recent educational policymaking. Yet others, were clearly glossed by market policies but betokened the deeper trends of post-industrial society - the rise in tertiary enrolments for example. 1993 is, of course, a key year, for an election at least allows the possibility of taking stock of the current direction of educational policy. Equally importantly, it is women's suffrage year and many of the educational problems that now comfront us are ones women, in one way or another will ultimately have to cope with.

scholarly journals Kia Whakatōmuri Haere Whakamua: Implementing Tikanga Māori as the Jurisdictional Framework for Overlapping Claims Disputes

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-220
Author(s):  
Rhianna Morar
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
The State ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Treaty Of Waitangi ◽  
Resolution Processes

This article addresses the misconception that overlapping rights to land are always in tension with one another. In this article, I apply a tikanga-based analysis to the policy on overlapping rights that is used in the settlement of historical Treaty of Waitangi claims. I argue that the supremacy of colonial law within the State legal system continues to suppress indigenous relationality and limit the mechanisms for reciprocity. This article problematises the following claims made about overlapping claims disputes. First, that overlapping rights are too complex for judicial resolution. This article examines the ways in which overlapping rights are capable of co-existing to preserve relationships between different iwi and hapū. Second, that tikanga is a contestable system of law and should not be regarded as a question of law or as a jurisdictional framework for resolving such disputes. This article critically analyses the extent to which these claims are based on the supremacy of colonial law within the State legal system by considering the application of tikanga in the courts and alternative dispute resolution processes. I argue that tikanga Māori is the only applicable framework whereby differences can be mediated in a way that preserves the relationships between the parties and provides redress mechanisms for continuing reciprocity. This article concludes that the State legal system at present continues to delegitimise indigenous relationality in ways that amalgamate rights into a colonial recognition framework, which fails to recognise tikanga Māori as an equal system of law in Aotearoa New Zealand.

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