scholarly journals Community resilience and urban core shelter implementation: A Wellington case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ralph Peter Titmuss
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The World

<p>As a result of climate change, extreme weather events are becoming more common around the world. Coupled with the ever-present threat of sea level rise that coastal cities face there is a potential for far more severe weather events to occur. This thesis will seek to understand how an existing city can adapt to a more hostile environment, and how in the event of an extreme weather occurrence it maintains its function. There is an urgent need to understand how a city can respond when faced with these situations. Previous extreme weather events, Katrina, the Indian Ocean tsunami, and extreme flooding around the world, highlight the danger of a lack of preparedness and resilience found in most cities.  The purpose of this thesis is to understand how the concept of a core shelter, as a way to address the threats of extreme weather events, can be applied to a well-established urban context, Wellington NZ. A core shelter is a structure that in the event of a large-scale disaster, protects its users, and post-disaster still reaches permanent housing standards without being deemed to be a permanent dwelling. It will also look at whether it is possible to create areas in an existing city that can be considered “safe havens” in the event of an extreme natural incident.  This thesis outlines the need for these shelters by identifying the potential threats of climate change in a Wellington context, and by understanding the vulnerability of Wellington’s current building stock. It reaches a conclusion that through the implementation of core shelters in Wellington NZ, resilience will be improved, disaster response efforts will be aided, and destruction arising from extreme weather events will be reduced. In addition, it identifies the areas of Wellington that are deemed to be of higher risk in a disaster or extreme weather event, analyses an existing building’s potential to become a community resilience/core shelter, and proposes a custom building that could be built on Leeds St and Ghuznee St.</p>

scholarly journals Community resilience and urban core shelter implementation: A Wellington case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ralph Peter Titmuss
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The World

<p>As a result of climate change, extreme weather events are becoming more common around the world. Coupled with the ever-present threat of sea level rise that coastal cities face there is a potential for far more severe weather events to occur. This thesis will seek to understand how an existing city can adapt to a more hostile environment, and how in the event of an extreme weather occurrence it maintains its function. There is an urgent need to understand how a city can respond when faced with these situations. Previous extreme weather events, Katrina, the Indian Ocean tsunami, and extreme flooding around the world, highlight the danger of a lack of preparedness and resilience found in most cities.  The purpose of this thesis is to understand how the concept of a core shelter, as a way to address the threats of extreme weather events, can be applied to a well-established urban context, Wellington NZ. A core shelter is a structure that in the event of a large-scale disaster, protects its users, and post-disaster still reaches permanent housing standards without being deemed to be a permanent dwelling. It will also look at whether it is possible to create areas in an existing city that can be considered “safe havens” in the event of an extreme natural incident.  This thesis outlines the need for these shelters by identifying the potential threats of climate change in a Wellington context, and by understanding the vulnerability of Wellington’s current building stock. It reaches a conclusion that through the implementation of core shelters in Wellington NZ, resilience will be improved, disaster response efforts will be aided, and destruction arising from extreme weather events will be reduced. In addition, it identifies the areas of Wellington that are deemed to be of higher risk in a disaster or extreme weather event, analyses an existing building’s potential to become a community resilience/core shelter, and proposes a custom building that could be built on Leeds St and Ghuznee St.</p>

scholarly journals Insurance Against Extreme Weather Events: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-95
Author(s):  
Kati Kraehnert ◽  
Daniel Osberghaus ◽  
Christian Hott ◽  
Lemlem Teklegiorgis Habtemariam ◽  
Frank Wätzold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
The State ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Side Effects ◽  
State Of Research

Abstract Extreme weather events increasingly threaten the economic situation of households and enterprises around the world. Insurance against extreme weather events is among the climate change adaptation instruments that are currently discussed by the policy community. This overview paper provides a synopsis of the state of research on insurance against extreme weather events, outlining advantages and limitations inherent in three main types of insurance: indemnity-based insurance, index-based insurance, and insurance-linked securities. The paper discusses issues related to insurance uptake, distributional effects, misleading incentives and potentially negative side effects, as well as the role of the state.

Older People and Climate Change

2019 ◽  
pp. 68-83
Author(s):  
Katie Oven ◽  
Jonathan Wistow ◽  
Sarah Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Older People ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
The World ◽  
Older Populations

Vulnerability to extreme weather events reflects the type, severity, and duration of the exposure, in addition to the attributes that make individuals and physical and social infrastructures susceptible to damage. Older populations are a demographic group likely to be at risk, despite their considerable capacity for adaptation and resilience. The vulnerability (and resilience) of older people significantly depends on the types and strengths of connections across complex systems of health and social care, upon which a substantial proportion of older people depend. In many areas of the world, there is growing emphasis on strategies to recognize, sustain, and strengthen this “nexus” of critical connections. This chapter considers people and climate change in a Western European context using illustrations from research in England, which focuses on the impacts of extreme weather events on the built infrastructure supporting older people’s health and social care delivery.

Introductory Remarks by Judith Levine

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 193-194
Author(s):  
Judith Levine
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
World Meteorological Organization ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The World ◽  
Climate Action

Less than twenty-four hours ago, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) released its “State of the Climate Report,” which the UN secretary-general described as “yet another wake-up call for ambitious and urgent climate action.” The report shows climate change is making extreme weather events more frequent and severe and it sets out record highs in global temperatures, sea levels, and greenhouse gas concentrations. Secretary-General Guterres noted the report proves that climate change is moving faster than our efforts to address it, and called for a Climate Action summit in September, instructing leaders: “Don't come with a speech, come with a plan.”

scholarly journals Vietnam Climate Change and Health Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment, 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863022092465
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Tuyet Hanh ◽  
Le Thi Thanh Huong ◽  
Nguyen Thi Lien Huong ◽  
Tran Nu Quy Linh ◽  
Nguyen Huu Quyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Health Vulnerability ◽  
The World ◽  
Very High

Background: The Global Climate Risk Index 2020 ranked Vietnam as the sixth country in the world most affected by climate variability and extreme weather events over the period 1999-2018. Sea level rise and extreme weather events are projected to be more severe in coming decades, which, without additional action, will increase the number of people at risk of climate-sensitive diseases, challenging the health system. This article summaries the results of a health vulnerability and adaptation (V&A) assessment conducted in Vietnam as evidences for development of the National Climate Change Health Adaptation Plan to 2030. Methods: The assessment followed the first 4 steps outlined in the World Health Organization’s Guidelines in conducting “Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessments.” A framework and list of indicators were developed for semi-quantitative assessment for the period 2013 to 2017. Three sets of indicators were selected to assess the level of (1) exposure to climate change and extreme weather events, (2) health sensitivity, and (3) adaptation capacity. The indicators were rated and analyzed using a scoring system from 1 to 5. Results: The results showed that climate-sensitive diseases were common, including dengue fever, diarrheal, influenza, etc, with large burdens of disease that are projected to increase. From 2013 to 2017, the level of “exposure” to climate change–related hazards of the health sector was “high” to “very high,” with an average score from 3.5 to 4.4 (out of 5.0). For “health sensitivity,” the scores decreased from 3.8 in 2013 to 3.5 in 2017, making the overall rating as “high.” For “adaptive capacity,” the scores were from 4.0 to 4.1, which meant adaptive capacity was “very low.” The overall V&A rating in 2013 was “very high risk” (score 4.1) and “high risk” with scores of 3.8 in 2014 and 3.7 in 2015 to 2017. Conclusions: Adaptation actions of the health sector are urgently needed to reduce the vulnerability to climate change in coming decades. Eight adaptation solutions, among recommendations of V&A assessment, were adopted in the National Health Climate Change Adaptation Plan.

scholarly journals Silver Lining to Extreme Weather Events? Democracy and Climate Change Mitigation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Lauri Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The Impact

Long-standing meteorological research has established that anthropogenic climate change increases the risk and intensity of extreme weather events, such as tropical cyclones, floods, and forest fires. However, comparatively little is known about the impact of such events on policy ambition. Studies on the topic emerged only recently and tend to focus on individual country cases. A comprehensive cross-country perspective is still missing. This article addresses the gap in the literature using large-scale analyses on the basis of country-level data from 2008 to 2017. The findings indicate that extreme weather events propel only highly functioning democracies to tackle climate change. Effects among remaining country cases are insignificant. This variation in the data can be attributed to democracies’ concern for the common good and the perspectives of those most affected by climate-related disasters.

On the Rainfall Induced Shallow and Deep-seated Landslide Hazard in Central Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keh-Jian Shou
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;Due to active tectonic activity, the rock formations are young and highly fractured in Taiwan area. The dynamic changing of river morphology makes the highly weathered formations or colluviums prone to landslide and debris flow. In addition, due to the impact of 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, the hazards of landslides and debris flows were significantly increased. For the past decade, the effect of climate change is significant and creates more and more extreme weather events. The change of rainfall behavior significantly changes the landslide behavior, which makes the large-scale landslides, like the Shiaolin landslide, possible. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the new technologies for large-scale landslide investigation, monitoring, analysis, early warning, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Since the landslide hazards are mainly induced by heavy rainfall, due to climate change and the subsequent extreme weather events, the probability of large-scale landslides is also increased. Focusing on the slate formation area in the upstreams of the Tachia River, Wu River, and Chuoshui River, this project studied the behavior and hazard of shallow and deep-seated landslides. This study adopts the SHALSTAB model with the consideration of slope angle to classify the landslides, and then established the landslide susceptibility models based on the classified landslide inventories. Different types of susceptibility models in different catchment scales were tested, in which the control factors were analyzed and discussed. This study also employs rainfall frequency analysis together with the atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) downscaling estimation to predict the extreme rainfalls in the future. Such that the future hazard of the shallow and deep-seated landslide in the study area can be predicted. The results of predictive analysis can be applied for risk prevention and management in the study area.&lt;/p&gt;

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