Structural Changes in Children’s Brain with Traumatic Brain Injury of Different Degree of Severity

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
V. N. Petrenko ◽  
◽  
T. M. Prihodko ◽  
M. V. Hekova ◽  
V. V. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Degree Of Severity

scholarly journals Mild Traumatic Brain Injury is Associated With Effect of Inflammation on Structural Changes of Default Mode Network in Those Developing Chronic Pain 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Niu ◽  
Lijun Bai ◽  
Yingxiang Sun ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Guanghui Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background：Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is higher prevalence (more than 50%) to develop chronic posttraumatic headache (CPTH) compared with moderate or severe TBI. However, the underlying neural mechanism for CPTH remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the inflammation level and cortical volume changes in patients with acute PTH (APTH) and further examine their potential in identifying patients who finally developing CPTH at follow-up.Methods：77 mTBI patients initially underwent neuropsychological measurements, 9-plex panel of serum cytokines and MRI scans within 7 days post-injury (T-1) and 54 (70.1%) of patients follow-up at 3-month (T-2). 42 matched healthy controls completed the same protocol at T-1 once. Results：MTBI patients with APTH presented significantly increased GM volume mainly in the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and dorsal posterior cingulate cortex (dPCC), of which the dPCC volume can predict much worse impact of headache on patients’ lives by HIT-6 (β = 0.389, P = 0.007). Serum levels of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were also elevated in these patients, and its effect on the impact of headache on quality of life was partially mediated by the dPCC volume (mean [SE] indirect effect, 0.088 [0.0462], 95% CI, 0.01-0.164). Longitudinal analysis showed that the dACC and dPCC volumes as well as CCL2 levels persistently increased in patients developing CPTH 3 month postinjury. Conclusion：The findings suggested that structural remodelling of DMN brain regions were involved in the progression from acute to chronic PTH following mTBI, which also mediated the effect of inflammation processes on pain modulation.Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov ID: NCT02868684; registered 16 August 2016.

scholarly journals POSTTRAUMATIC PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF THE HEAD INJURY IN MEDICO-LEGAL PRACTICE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Solodun ◽  
O. Yu. Zlobina ◽  
T. М. Piskareva ◽  
L. I. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Severe Head Injury ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Degree Of Severity

Neuropsychopathological problems are an intrinsic part of the clinical presentation of traumatic brain injury, its sequelae and outcomes, and require special attention when evaluating the degree of severity of harm to human health. The article discusses the issues of severe psychopathological sequalae after non-severe head injury in medicolegal practice. Objectives. To develop additional criteria of the medico-legal diagnostics and assessment of harm to health in cases of appearance of severe posttraumatic neuropsychiatric disorders after the mild traumatic brain injury. Material and methods. Materials of the Irkutsk Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination were studied. We used common scientific research methods, an analysis of the literature on the research topic, a description and analysis of the expert case.Results. Existing conceptions and theories in understanding traumatic brain injury admit the possibility of the development of severe psychopathological manifestations lead to the neuropsychiatric disorder even in cases of mild traumatic brain injury. Practical medico-legal cases support this point.Conclusion. Additional criteria are defined for medico-legal diagnostics and assessment of harm to health in a case of severe neuropsychiatric outcomes of mild traumatic brain injury.

scholarly journals A fixel‐based analysis of micro‐ and macro‐structural changes to white matter following adult traumatic brain injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 2187-2197
Author(s):  
Erica J. Wallace ◽  
Jane L. Mathias ◽  
Lynn Ward ◽  
Jurgen Fripp ◽  
Stephen Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Structural Changes

scholarly journals Mild traumatic brain injury is associated with effect of inflammation on structural changes of default mode network in those developing chronic pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Niu ◽  
Lijun Bai ◽  
Yingxiang Sun ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Guanghui Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has a higher prevalence (more than 50%) of developing chronic posttraumatic headache (CPTH) compared with moderate or severe TBI. However, the underlying neural mechanism for CPTH remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the inflammation level and cortical volume changes in patients with acute PTH (APTH) and further examine their potential in identifying patients who finally developed CPTH at follow-up. Methods Seventy-seven mTBI patients initially underwent neuropsychological measurements, 9-plex panel of serum cytokines and MRI scans within 7 days post-injury (T-1) and 54 (70.1%) of patients completed the same protocol at a 3-month follow-up (T-2). Forty-two matched healthy controls completed the same protocol at T-1 once. Results At baseline, mTBI patients with APTH presented significantly increased GM volume mainly in the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and dorsal posterior cingulate cortex (dPCC), of which the dPCC volume can predict much worse impact of headache on patients’ lives by HIT-6 (β = 0.389, P = 0.007) in acute stage. Serum levels of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were also elevated in these patients, and its effect on the impact of headache on quality of life was partially mediated by the dPCC volume (mean [SE] indirect effect, 0.088 [0.0462], 95% CI, 0.01–0.164). Longitudinal analysis showed that the dACC and dPCC volumes as well as CCL2 levels had persistently increased in patients developing CPTH 3 months postinjury. Conclusion The findings suggested that structural remodelling of DMN brain regions were involved in the progression from acute to chronic PTH following mTBI, which also mediated the effect of inflammation processes on pain modulation. Trial registration ClinicalTrial.gov ID: NCT02868684; registered 16 August 2016.

Role of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Prognosis of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (02/03) ◽  
pp. 075-082
Author(s):  
Raghuvendra Kumar ◽  
Subhasis Ghosh ◽  
Tapan Dhibar ◽  
Abhishek Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
1H Mrs ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Degree Of Severity

Abstract Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Long-term clinical outcome following TBI can be difficult to predict. Evaluation of the degree of severity of injury and prediction of outcome are important for the management of these patients. Objective To evaluate whether degree of severity of injury and outcome in moderate to severe TBI is possible by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Materials and Methods Patients with moderate (Glasgow coma scale [GCS] 9–13) and severe head injury (GCS: 5–8), within 1 week of trauma with their normal computed tomographic (CT) scan findings, their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) finding, and neurologic status were investigated with single-voxel proton MRS (1H-MRS). The study included 51 patients and 24 controls. Result The MRS study revealed lower ratio of N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/choline (Cho) and NAA/creatine (Cr) and higher ratio of Cho/Cr and lactate level compared with the control group. The ratio of NAA/Cr, NAA/Cho, and Cho/Cr were statistically significant with initial GCS (p = < 0.00001, r = 0.7595; p = < 0.00001, r = 0.7506; and p < 0.00001, r = −0.5923, respectively), and these ratios were also statistically significant with Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) (p < 0.00001, r = 0.8498, p < 0.00001, r =0.9323, p < 0.00001, r = −0.9082, respectively). The ratio of NAA/Cr, NAA/Cho, and Cho/Cr were also statistically significant with severity of injury (p < 0.0001). Conclusion MRS can quantify damage after TBI and may be a method of assessing severity and outcome in TBI.

scholarly journals Reorganization of Thalamic Inputs to Lesioned Cortex Following Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6329
Author(s):  
Xavier Ekolle Ndode-Ekane ◽  
Maria del Mar Puigferrat Pérez ◽  
Rossella Di Sapia ◽  
Niina Lapinlampi ◽  
Asla Pitkänen
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Pial Surface ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Axon Terminals ◽  
Thalamic Stimulation

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) disrupts thalamic and cortical integrity. The effect of post-injury reorganization and plasticity in thalamocortical pathways on the functional outcome remains unclear. We evaluated whether TBI causes structural changes in the thalamocortical axonal projection terminals in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) that lead to hyperexcitability. TBI was induced in adult male Sprague Dawley rats with lateral fluid-percussion injury. A virus carrying the fluorescent-tagged opsin channel rhodopsin 2 transgene was injected into the ventroposterior thalamus. We then traced the thalamocortical pathways and analyzed the reorganization of their axonal terminals in S1. Next, we optogenetically stimulated the thalamocortical relays from the ventral posterior lateral and medial nuclei to assess the post-TBI functionality of the pathway. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that TBI did not alter the spatial distribution or lamina-specific targeting of projection terminals in S1. TBI reduced the axon terminal density in the motor cortex by 44% and in S1 by 30%. A nematic tensor-based analysis revealed that in control rats, the axon terminals in layer V were orientated perpendicular to the pial surface (60.3°). In TBI rats their orientation was more parallel to the pial surface (5.43°, difference between the groups p < 0.05). Moreover, the level of anisotropy of the axon terminals was high in controls (0.063) compared with TBI rats (0.045, p < 0.05). Optical stimulation of the sensory thalamus increased alpha activity in electroencephalography by 312% in controls (p > 0.05) and 237% (p > 0.05) in TBI rats compared with the baseline. However, only TBI rats showed increased beta activity (33%) with harmonics at 5 Hz. Our findings indicate that TBI induces reorganization of thalamocortical axonal terminals in the perilesional cortex, which alters responses to thalamic stimulation.

Cognitive impairment in mild traumatic brain injury: a diffusion kurtosis imaging and volumetric study

2021 ◽  
pp. 028418512199831
Author(s):  
Ming-Liang Wang ◽  
Xiao-Er Wei ◽  
Meng-Meng Yu ◽  
Wen-Bin Li
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging ◽  
Subcortical Nuclei ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis ◽  
The Relationship

Background A significant number of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) would experience cognitive deficit. Purpose To investigate the brain structural changes in sub-acute mTBI by diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and volumetric analysis, and to assess the relationship between brain structural changes and cognitive functions. Material and Methods A total of 23 patients with sub-acute mTBI and 24 control participants were recruited. All the participants underwent examinations of neuropsychological tests, DKI, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based morphological scans. Images were investigated using whole brain-based analysis and further regions of interest-based analysis for subcortical nuclei. The neuropsychological tests were compared between the mTBI and the control group. Correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between gray matter (GM) volume, DKI parameters, and cognitive functions. Results Compared with control participants, mTBI patients performed worse in the domains of verbal memory, attention and executive function ( P < 0.05). No regional GM volume differences were observed between the mTBI and control groups ( P > 0.05). Using DKI, patients with mTBI showed lower mean kurtosis (MK) in widespread white matter (WM) regions and several subcortical nuclei ( P < 0.05), and higher mean diffusivity (MD) in the right pallidum ( P < 0.05). Lower MK value of multiple WM regions and several subcortical nuclei correlated with cognitive impairment ( P < 0.05). Conclusion DKI was sensitive in detecting brain microstructural changes in patients with sub-acute mTBI showing lower MK value in widespread WM regions and several subcortical nuclei, which were statistically associated with cognitive deficits.

scholarly journals Mild traumatic brain injury is associated with effect of inflammation on structural changes of default mode network in those developing chronic pain 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Niu ◽  
Lijun Bai ◽  
Yingxiang Sun ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Guanghui Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background：Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has a higher prevalence (more than 50%) of developing chronic posttraumatic headache (CPTH) compared with moderate or severe TBI. However, the underlying neural mechanism for CPTH remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the inflammation level and cortical volume changes in patients with acute PTH (APTH) and further examine their potential in identifying patients who finally developed CPTH at follow-up.Methods：77 mTBI patients initially underwent neuropsychological measurements, 9-plex panel of serum cytokines and MRI scans within 7 days post-injury (T-1) and 54(70.1%) of patients completed the same protocol at a 3-month follow-up (T-2). 42 matched healthy controls completed the same protocol at T-1 once. Results：At baseline, mTBI patients with APTH presented significantly increased GM volume mainly in the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and dorsal posterior cingulate cortex (dPCC), of which the dPCC volume can predict much worse impact of headache on patients’ lives by HIT-6 (β = 0.389, P = 0.007) in acute stage. Serum levels of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were also elevated in these patients, and its effect on the impact of headache on quality of life was partially mediated by the dPCC volume (mean [SE] indirect effect, 0.088 [0.0462], 95% CI, 0.01-0.164). Longitudinal analysis showed that the dACC and dPCC volumes as well as CCL2 levels had persistently increased in patients developing CPTH 3 months postinjury. Conclusion：The findings suggested that structural remodelling of DMN brain regions were involved in the progression from acute to chronic PTH following mTBI, which also mediated the effect of inflammation processes on pain modulation.Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov ID: NCT02868684; registered 16 August 2016.

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