scholarly journals POSTTRAUMATIC PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF THE HEAD INJURY IN MEDICO-LEGAL PRACTICE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Solodun ◽  
O. Yu. Zlobina ◽  
T. М. Piskareva ◽  
L. I. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Severe Head Injury ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Degree Of Severity

Neuropsychopathological problems are an intrinsic part of the clinical presentation of traumatic brain injury, its sequelae and outcomes, and require special attention when evaluating the degree of severity of harm to human health. The article discusses the issues of severe psychopathological sequalae after non-severe head injury in medicolegal practice. Objectives. To develop additional criteria of the medico-legal diagnostics and assessment of harm to health in cases of appearance of severe posttraumatic neuropsychiatric disorders after the mild traumatic brain injury. Material and methods. Materials of the Irkutsk Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination were studied. We used common scientific research methods, an analysis of the literature on the research topic, a description and analysis of the expert case.Results. Existing conceptions and theories in understanding traumatic brain injury admit the possibility of the development of severe psychopathological manifestations lead to the neuropsychiatric disorder even in cases of mild traumatic brain injury. Practical medico-legal cases support this point.Conclusion. Additional criteria are defined for medico-legal diagnostics and assessment of harm to health in a case of severe neuropsychiatric outcomes of mild traumatic brain injury.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN HEAD INJURY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Dileep Kumar Jha ◽  
Dr. Rajnikant Narsinhbhai Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Severe Head Injury ◽  
Mild Head Injury ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Craniocerebral Injuries

Introduction: In human body there are many causes of the injuries. Among all the injuries head injury is also one of the most important injuries which may cause morbidity and mortality. Craniocerebral injuries or Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as any structural skull traumatic injury with alterations of cerebral physiology as a result of an external force either in the form of chemical energy, mechanical energy, electrical energy or thermal heating. Globally craniocerebral injuries or Traumatic brain injury (TBI)is cause of disability in young patients, especially those  <40 years of age. TBI is classified as mild, with most showing adequate and quick recovery. Nevertheless there are some kinds of TBI which showed persistent disabling symptoms that interrupt with their normal daily routine activities. Brain imaging is very important for the patients who suffer traumatic brain injury. In the emergency services Computed tomography (CT) is recommended as first assessment that provides initial information and diagnosis to identify the need of surgery. It also helps in the following of the patient and the evolution of pathology. Many studies suggest that CT can be used to predict patient outcomes. Computed tomography (CT) is an imaging technique which uses as dynamics of injected contrast material, allows rapid quantitative and qualitative evaluation of cerebral perfusion by generating cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF) and mean transit time (MTT) maps providing clinically important information with stroke subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)and head injury. Aim: The main aim of this study is to evaluate the computed tomography findings sustaining head injury and role of computed tomography scan in head injury. Material and Methods: During the study total 90 patients with head injury were included with different age group from 20 to 70 years old. Glasgow coma score (GCS) range 4–15 (mild head injury: GCS >14; moderate head injury: GCS = 9–13; severe head injury GCS <8) were also included in this study. For all the patients with head injury Computed tomography (CT) image were performed with siemen's somatom spirit dual slice spiral CT machine and a protocol of contiguous axial 5-mm sections through the posterior fossa and a contiguous 10 mm axial sequential scans for the rest of the brain and thinner cuts were also taken whenever required. For visualize any fractures of the skull bone algorithms with wide window settings were studied. After initial resuscitation, severity of the cranio-cerebral trauma was graded with the help of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) into mild head injury (GCS13- 15), moderate head injury (GCS 9-12) and severe head injury (GCS 3-8). Result: Among total patients sixty five (72.2%) patients were male and twenty five (27.8 %) were female with age range from 20 to 70 years old. In the age group 31-50 year group showed highest frequency of head trauma. The most common causes of head injury were RTA (65.6%) followed by fall injuries (20%) and physical assaults (14.4%). Among patients with head injuries Loss of consciousness and vomiting were the commonest clinical features brought to emergency. Out of 90 cases 59 (65.5%) cases showed mild head injury followed by 14(15.6%) cases sustained moderate head injury and 17(18.9%) had severe head injury. In all types of severity of head injury RTA was the prime etiological factor. Out of total cases 31(34.4%) had normal CT findings and 59(65.6%) had abnormal CT findings. Abnormal CT findings were seen in 59(65.6%) sustaining mild head injury and in all the patients with moderate and severe head injury. Out of 90 cases 13 cases with severe head injury had mortality. The most common mode of injury to cause the mortality was RTA. Five patients with severe head injury also had cervical spine injury Conclusion: This study concludes that use of CT in head trauma can finds high prevalence of head trauma related to CT. Therefore CT should be done when clinically necessary that helps to reduce cost and avoids unnecessary exposure to radiation. Keywords: Head injury, Traumatic brain injury (TBI), computed tomography (CT), Glasgow coma scale (GCS)

Concussion and sports-related head injury

2019 ◽  
pp. 531-536
Author(s):  
Mark Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Mild Head Injury ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Dementia Pugilistica ◽  
Repeated Injury

Interest in concussion and sports-related injury has intensified in recent years for three main reasons: (1) it is a preventable form of brain injury; (2) there is increasing evidence that repeated injury can result in long-term neurocognitive loss; and (3) as a result there are potential medicolegal costs to organizations that, possibly inadvertently, allow this form of brain injury to occur within their sport. The long-term effects of boxing resulting in dementia pugilistica have been appreciated for some time, however the results of repeated mild head injury in other sports is now under focus. Concussion, increasingly termed mild traumatic brain injury, should be graded. Imaging, removal from, and return to sport are all discussed in this chapter.

scholarly journals Resting State Functional Connectivity is Directly Related to Clinical Presentation of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (14 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S26.2-S27
Author(s):  
Teena Shetty ◽  
Joseph Nguyen ◽  
Esther Kim ◽  
George Skulikidis ◽  
Matthew Garvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Severity Scores

ObjectiveTo determine the utility of fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF) during resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) as an advanced neuroimaging biomarker for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI).BackgroundmTBI is defined by a constellation of functional rather than structural deficits. As a measure of functional connectivity, fALFF has been implicated in long-term outcomes post-mTBI. It is unclear however, how longitudinal changes in fALFF may relate to the clinical presentation of mTBI.Design/Methods111 patients and 32 controls (15–50 years old) were enrolled acutely after mTBI and followed with up to 4 standardized serial assessments. Patients were enrolled at either Encounter 1 (E1), within 72 hours, or Encounter 2 (E2), 5–10 days post-injury, and returned for Encounter 3 (E3) at 15–29 days and Encounter 4 (E4) at 83–97 days. Each encounter included a clinical exam, neuropsychological assessment, as well as rs-fMRI imaging. fALFF was analyzed independently in 14 functional networks and, in grey and white matter as a function of symptom severity. Symptom severity scores (SSS) ranged from 0–132 as defined by the SCAT2 symptom evaluation.ResultsIn mTBI patients, fALFF scores across 5 functional brain networks (language, sensorimotor, visuospatial, higher-order visual, and posterior salience) differed between mTBI patients with low versus high SSS (SSS <5 and >30, respectively). Overall, greater SSS were indexed by reduced connectivity (p < 0.03, Bonferroni corrected). Further analysis also identified corresponding network pairs which were most predictive of increased SSS. White matter fALFF was not correlated with symptom severity, however, decreased grey matter fALFF was significantly correlated with greater SSS (r = −0.25, p = 0.002).ConclusionsGrey matter fALFF was correlated with mTBI symptom burden suggesting that patterns of neural connectivity relate directly to the clinical presentation of mTBI. Furthermore, differences in functional network connectivity as a function of SSS may reflect which networks are implicated in recovery of mTBI.

Pediatric Minor Head Injury and Concussion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Scarboro ◽  
Simone Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Secondary Brain Injury ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Serious Injuries

Head injury is one of the most common reasons children present to the emergency department (ED) and the leading cause of pediatric death and disability. Head injuries can range from having no neurologic deficits to death. Management in the ED centers on determining if there is a serious brain injury and preventing secondary brain injury. In most cases of mild traumatic brain injury, serious injuries can be ruled out based on the history of the injury, associated symptoms, and clinical assessment. Concussion is a common presentation of head injury and encompasses a wide range of symptoms. Computed tomography should be used judiciously, and extensive research has led to algorithms to aid in this decision. Prior to discharge from the ED, parents will often have questions about when their child may resume normal activity. This is a decision that most often will involve the patient’s primary care provider or a concussion specialist as the ED provider is unable to follow progression or resolution of symptoms. However, the ED provider should be able to provide anticipatory guidance.   Key words: computed tomography, concussion, head injury, mild traumatic brain injury, traumatic brain injury

Persons with Adult-Onset Head Injury: A Crucial Resource for Feminist Philosophers

Hypatia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Lindemann
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Teaching Strategies ◽  
Philosophical Methodology ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Disabled Students

The effects of head injury, even mild traumatic brain injury, are wide-ranging and profound. Persons with adult-onset head injury offer feminist philosophers important perspectives for philosophical methodology and philosophical research concerning personal identity, mind-body theories, and ethics. The needs of persons with head injury require the expansion of typical teaching strategies, and such adaptations appear beneficial to both disabled and non-disabled students.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Closed Head Injury Models of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice and Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1683-1706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen N. Bodnar ◽  
Kelly N. Roberts ◽  
Emma K. Higgins ◽  
Adam D. Bachstetter
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Closed Head Injury ◽  
Closed Head ◽  
Injury Models
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document