Differences of Physical Fitness Performance between Basketball Players from Different Competitive Levels (Elite and Sub-Elite) in the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro for the 2004/2005 Season

ABSTRACT Introduction: Studies indicate that the technical/tactical performance of soccer referees can be impacted by physical fitness and state of health. However, although they are routinely invited to take part in matches at national level, it is not yet clearly established whether referees who work in less prominent regions and soccer championships present the same levels of physical, technical and psychological preparation as referees from more important areas, such as the soccer teams of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Within this context, no studies have evaluated the physical conditioning and health parameters of Brazilian Soccer Confederation (CBF) referees who work in Espírito Santo. Objective: To assess the health and physical fitness levels of CBF soccer referees from Espírito Santo. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 16 participants, 6 referees, and 10 assistant referees. The protocol lasted 12 weeks and consisted of the following analyses: general characteristics, body composition, flexibility, and biochemical and cardiorespiratory profiles. Results: The referees all fell under the age range (26 to 41 years) required by CBF and had good body composition and flexibility results. The cardiorespiratory assessment (rest and effort) of the referees indicated satisfactory physical fitness and consequently, low risk for cardiovascular diseases based on resting heart rate (HR) (64 ± 13 bpm), HR reserve (126 ± 18 bpm) and VO2max (45.3 ± 5.7 ml·kg−1·min−1), results similar to those seen in elite international referees. Regarding the biochemical assessment, the parameters analyzed were within the normal range. Conclusion: Despite the fact that referees from the state of Espírito Santo work in a region of lesser national significance and relevance in the soccer domain, they present satisfactory levels of physical fitness and health parameters to act with safety and precision in national competitions. Level of Evidence IV; Type of study: Case series.

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Structure of Physical Fitness Among Young Female Basketball Players (Trends of Changes in 2006–2013)

The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research ◽

10.1519/jsc.0000000000000943 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (10) ◽

pp. 2745-2757 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Krzysztof Karpowicz ◽

Małgorzata Karpowicz ◽

Ryszard Strzelczyk

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Young Female ◽

Basketball Players

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Comparison of Chosen Physical Fitness Characteristics of Turkish Professional Basketball Players by Division and Playing Position

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/v10078-011-0077-y ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Yusuf Köklü ◽

Utku Alemdaroğlu ◽

Fatma Koçak ◽

A. Erol ◽

Gülin Fındıkoğlu

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Professional Basketball

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I. EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS BIJELIC V MONTENEGRO AND SERBIA (APPLICATION NO 19890/05) JUDGMENT OF 11 JUNE 2009

International and Comparative Law Quarterly ◽

10.1017/s0020589310000333 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 845-867 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Benjamin E Brockman-Hawe

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

The State ◽

Serbia And Montenegro ◽

European State ◽

Emerging Trends ◽

European Court ◽

Protection Of Human Rights ◽

International Obligations ◽

Unique Approach ◽

First Time

What happens when a European State breaches its international obligations and then ceases to exist? Does its obligation to repair the harm caused by the breach devolve to a new state that occupies part of the territory of an old state? When will a new European State be held accountable for violations that took place before the entry into force of a human rights treaty? This comment examines the European Court of Human Rights' (hereinafter ‘the Court’ or ‘the ECtHR’) encounter with the law of state succession, specifically succession to treaty obligations and succession to responsibility for the wrongful acts of a predecessor state. In Bijelic v Montenegro and Serbia the Court held that Montenegro was to be automatically regarded as a party to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (hereinafter ‘the Convention’), as well as Protocol No 1 thereto, from the date of its declaration of independence from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (hereinafter ‘the State Union’), and that Montenegro alone could be held responsible for violations of these instruments occurring in the territory of the State Union that began before March 2004 (the date of ratification of the Convention and Protocol 1 by the State Union) but continuing through 2009. Bijelic is not the first time the Court has been called upon to decide a question of succession to treaty obligations or responsibility, but the judgment is noteworthy for the unique approach the Court adopted to deciding both of these issues. This comment will place the decision in the larger context of Court practice with respect to both of the implicated succession issues, identify the aspects the Trial Chamber's analysis that distinguish it from its predecessors and discuss the decision of the Court in light of general and emerging trends in international law. In the process, this comment will provide a uniquely thorough examination of ECtHR practice with respect to succession to responsibility and identify the trends, to the extent that such trends exist, that characterize the Court's approach to this area of law.

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The relationship between physical fitness and shooting accuracy of professional basketball players

Motriz Revista de Educação Física ◽

10.1590/s1980-65742014000400007 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 408-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Haris Pojskić ◽

Vlatko Šeparović ◽

Melika Muratović ◽

Edin Užičanin

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Anaerobic Power ◽

Anaerobic Capacity ◽

Upper Body ◽

Fitness Components ◽

Game Play ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Competitive Shooting ◽

The Relationship ◽

Basketball Shooting

The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among physical fitness of professional Bosnian basketball players (n = 38) and shooting accuracy during one basketball season. A related, secondary aim was to examine relationships between basketball shooting assessments and competitive shooting accuracy during game play. Physical fitness components included: muscular endurance and aerobic endurance, lower and upper-body power, speed, agility, anaerobic capacity and anaerobic power. The specific basketball shooting accuracy was assessed by stationary and dynamic shooting assessments. Competitive shooting accuracy was represented by data collected during one basketball season for each player (free throw, field goal, and three-point %). Results of the regression analyses showed that there were significant positive relationships among shooting assessments and competitive shooting accuracy during game play. The relationship was stronger when the dynamic shooting tests were applied compared to the stationary tests. However, few or weak relationships existed among physical fitness components and competitive shooting accuracy. Only the power tests showed to be good predictors for shooting over longer distances. The findings support the inclusion of the dynamic basketball shooting accuracy tests in regular basketball assessment procedures as a valuable testing instrument.

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The international continuity of Serbia after secession of Montenegro

Medjunarodni problemi ◽

10.2298/medjp0603326m ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 326-346

Author(s):

Ruzica Mrdakovic-Cvetkovic

Keyword(s):

International Organizations ◽

The State ◽

Individual Rights ◽

Serbia And Montenegro ◽

Independent States ◽

The Republic

The author deals with a set of questions that have emerged after the secession of the Republic of Montenegro from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro, and they are as follows: international legal continuity of Serbia, membership of the two now independent states in various international organizations, the issues concerning the succession between Serbia and Montenegro, regulation of various individual rights of the citizens from the former State Union, etc.

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Effects of Plyometric, Strength and Change of Direction Training on High-School Basketball Player’s Physical Fitness

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/hukin-2021-0036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 175-186

Author(s):

Eduardo Sáez de Villarreal ◽

Jose Galán Molina ◽

Guillermo de Castro-Maqueda ◽

José V. Gutiérrez-Manzanedo

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Control Group ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Change Of Direction ◽

Before And After ◽

Group 2 ◽

Post Hoc ◽

And Control

Abstract The study aim was to compare the effects of a 7-week plyometric, strength and change of direction (COD) training program on basketball-specific performance measures in high-school players. Forty male players were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: plyometric (PG, n = 10), strength (SG, n = 10), COD (CODG, n = 10), and control group training (CG, n = 10). Two training sessions were performed at weekly intervals before basketball training. Performance of the counter movement jump (CMJ), Abalakov jump (ABKJ), 10 m zig-zag sprint, 20 m in line sprint (measurements at 10 and 20 m), and sit and reach flexibility test (SRFT) was assessed before and after the intervention. A 4 (group) × 2 (time) repeated measures analysis of variances (ANOVA) was conducted for each variable. Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used when the interaction was significant. Significant (all p < 0.05) time x group interaction was noted for SRFT, CMJ, ABK, sprint, and zig-zag 10 m, in favor of the experimental groups compared to the control group. However, improvements in physical fitness were similar between the three experimental groups. In conclusion, 7 weeks of specific plyometric, strength and COD training produced similar medium to large improvements in physical fitness of high-school basketball players.

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Effect of Footwork Training on Some physical Capabilities and Species of shooting in Basketball Players under 15 years old the State of Kuwait

International Journal of Sports Science and Arts ◽

10.21608/eijssa.2021.62721.1072 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 017 (017) ◽

pp. 171-190

Author(s):

Abdullah Ali

Keyword(s):

The State ◽

Basketball Players ◽

The State Of Kuwait

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