COMPOUND PROPOSITIONAL LAW FOR LOGICAL EQUIVALENCE, TAUTOLOGY AND CONTRADICTION

This paper presents a Compound Propositional Law for Logical Equivalence, Tautology and Contradiction. The proposed Law is developed with the help of negation, disjunction, conjunction, exclusive or, conditional statement and bi-conditional statement. The idea of research is taken from de-Morgan law. This proposed law is important and useful for Logical Equivalence, Tautology and Contradiction for the research purpose because these are the rare cases in the field of research. This article aims to help readers understand the compound proposition and proposition equivalence in conducting research. This article discusses propositions that are relevant for proposition equivalence. Six main compound propositions are distinguished and an overview is given in the article. Hence, it is observed from the result and discussion that the compound proposition law is a good achievement in discrete structure for the logical Equivalence, Tautology and Contradiction purpose.

Download Full-text

Restoration of cylinder liners for automotive tractors engines in modern conditions

Tekhnicheskiy servis mashin ◽

10.22314/2618-8287-2020-58-1-122-133 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 122-133

Author(s):

Vyacheslav A. Denisov ◽

Aleksandr Yu. Kostyukov ◽

Roman N. Zadorozhniy

Keyword(s):

Adhesion Strength ◽

Electrode Materials ◽

Research Purpose ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Term Operation ◽

Operational Load ◽

Operational Tests ◽

Conducting Research ◽

Cylinder Liners

One of the most promising technologies for restoring machine parts and cylinder liners is electric spark treatment as the most versatile technology that provides high-quality restoration of worn parts with wear up to 0.5 mm. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing a technology for restoring various cylinder liners by means of electric spark processing, selecting optimal modes and electrode materials that allow improving the quality of repair and increasing the post-repair life of the sleeve. (Materials and methods) It was taken into account when conducting research aimed at restoring the geometric parameters of the sleeve, that the coating must have sufficient adhesion strength to the surface of the sleeve under mechanical, thermal loads and long-term operation. Laboratory studies of the adhesion strength of electric spark coatings on the separation (adhesive) and on the cut, as well as tribotechnical studies of interfaces were conducted. Authors have found by analyzing the results of operational tests of restored and new cylinder liners the prospects for using electric spark treatment of worn parts, including diesel engine liners. (Results and discussion) It was shown by laboratory studies of the adhesion strength of electric spark coatings with a 0.2 mm thick BrMKc 3-1 electrode to the working surface of cylinder liners that their separation strength (adhesive) was 20-40 megapascals, and the shear strength (cohesive) was 50-80 megapascals. It was found that this provides the required functional strength of coatings with maximum operational load. The article presents the results of comprehensive research in graphs and tables. (Conclusions) The research conducted in the CCP "Nano-Center" of the FSAC VIM and operational tests in the 2nd bus fleet of Moscow confirmed the principal possibility of effectively restoring cast iron liners (blocks) using the technology of electric spark processing.

Download Full-text

Procedures for minimization of "Exclusive-or" and "Logical-equivalence" switching circuits

10.1109/focs.1965.23 ◽

1965 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

C. V. Ramamoorthy

Keyword(s):

Switching Circuits ◽

Logical Equivalence ◽

Exclusive Or

Download Full-text

Minimization of Exclusive or and Logical Equivalence Switching Circuits

IEEE Transactions on Computers ◽

10.1109/t-c.1970.222878 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol C-19 (2) ◽

pp. 132-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

A. Mukhopadhyay ◽

G. Schmitz

Keyword(s):

Switching Circuits ◽

Logical Equivalence ◽

Exclusive Or

Download Full-text

Doctoral Training of Psychology Students in France

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027//1016-9040.8.1.3 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 3-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christine Roland-Lévy

Keyword(s):

Doctoral Programs ◽

Psychology Students ◽

Doctoral Training ◽

University System ◽

The Third ◽

Conducting Research ◽

The University ◽

Psychology Doctoral ◽

Phd Programs ◽

Phd Program

Abstract: The aim of doctoral programs in psychology is to help students become competent psychologists, capable of conducting research and of finding suitable employment. Starting with a brief description of the basic organization of the French university system, this paper presents an overview of how the psychology doctoral training is organized in France. Since October 2000, the requisites and the training of PhD students are the same in all French universities, but what now differs is the openness to other disciplines according to the size and location of the university. Three main groups of doctoral programs are distinguished in this paper. The first group refers to small universities in which the Doctoral Schools are constructed around multidisciplinary seminars that combine various themes, sometimes rather distant from psychology. The second group covers larger universities, with a PhD program that includes psychology as well as other social sciences. The third group contains a few major universities that have doctoral programs that are clearly centered on psychology (clinical, social, and/or cognitive psychology). These descriptions are followed by comments on how PhD programs are presently structured and organized. In the third section, I suggest some concrete ways of improving this doctoral training in order to give French psychologists a more European dimension.

Download Full-text

Ethical Issues Relevant to the Assessment of Suicide Risk in Nonclinical Research Settings

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000110 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 54-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Carolyn M. Wilson ◽

Bruce K. Christensen

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Current Paper ◽

Self Report ◽

Ethical Guidelines ◽

Schizotypal Personality ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Genetic Features ◽

Conducting Research

Background: Our laboratory recently confronted this issue while conducting research with undergraduate students at the University of Waterloo (UW). Although our main objective was to examine cognitive and genetic features of individuals with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), the study protocol also entailed the completion of various self-report measures to identify participants deemed at increased risk for suicide. Aims and Methods: This paper seeks to review and discuss the relevant ethical guidelines and legislation that bear upon a psychologist’s obligation to further assess and intervene when research participants reveal that they are at increased risk for suicide. Results and Conclusions: In the current paper we argue that psychologists are ethically impelled to assess and appropriately intervene in cases of suicide risk, even when such risk is revealed within a research context. We also discuss how any such obligation may potentially be modulated by the research participant’s expectations of the role of a psychologist, within such a context. Although the focus of the current paper is on the ethical obligations of psychologists, specifically those practicing within Canada, the relevance of this paper extends to all regulated health professionals conducting research in nonclinical settings.

Download Full-text