REPRESENTATION OF A DIFFICULT SITUATION BY THE SUBJECT: FEATURES OF FORMAL AND CONCEPTUAL INDICATORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Pyatun D.E.
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Work Effort ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Experiment Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Semantic Spaces ◽  
Sense Representation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Empirical Material

The article analyzes formal and conceptual indicators of the representation of a difficult situation. There was carried out а theoretical analysis of the representation of a difficult situation. Fundamental methodological provisions of our research are: the main postulates of the theory of mental reflection (B. G. Ananiev, B. F. Lomov, S. L. Rubinstein, B. M. Teplov, etc.); theses of experimental psychosemantics on semantic units and methods of analysis of subjective semantic spaces (V. P. Serkin, V. A. Skleinis, etc.); provisions on the psychological validity of formal and conceptual indicators of psychological representation (V. V. Znakov, A. B. Kupreichenko, G. V. Shukova); the provisions of the approach on the cognitive assessment of a difficult life situation (E. V. Bityutskaya). The purpose of the article is to determine the indicators of representation of a difficult situation and to analyze the severity of these indicators. The modern situation in psychology demonstrates the activity of addressing the interpretation of the phenomenon of a difficult situation, which is especially significant in the complex, constantly changing conditions of the subject's vital activities. In the broadest sense, representation is understood as a cognitive procedure that enables the subject to construct and model both reality as a whole and its individual elements. It is worth mentioning that there are many semantic shades in the definition of the concept "difficult situation", since the researchers actualize different components of the construct "difficult". According to the most general universal interpretation, "difficult" is defined as "requiring a lot of work, effort, and intensity". On the basis of empirical material collected in the structural unit of the railway, the article analyzes the features of formal and conceptual indicators of the representation of a difficult situation. The article contains the results of the empirical research. 300 respondents took part in the research. There were used the following methodological tools : associative experiment, method of semantic universals, content analysis, graphical representation of representation and a technique aimed at obtaining data on the subjective assessment of a difficult situation. The data obtained allow us to conclude that the formal indicators of the representation are represented by size and structure (represented by the scales "simplicity-complexity" and "core-periphery"); conceptual indicators of representation are represented by a qualitative composition of elements (technological, emotional, communicative components) and a subjective assessment of a difficult situation (a general assessment of the difficulty of the situation and the adequacy of the subject's resources with the requirements of the situation).

scholarly journals Meta-evaluation of a participatory process in the strengthening of municipal management

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Cristiane Andrea Locatelli de Almeida ◽  
Oswaldo Yoshimi Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Participatory Process ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Municipal Management ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Theoretical Reflection ◽  
Empirical Material

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, with a focus on participation, an evaluation process developed by municipal managers and administrators of a health region in the state of São Paulo, considering the need for theoretical reflection on participatory health practices in the Brazilian context. METHODS: Qualitative research that used the framework developed by Daigneault and Jacob (2009) to analyze the empirical material, encompassing three dimensions of participation: control of the evaluation process, diversity of participants, and extent of their involvement. We highlighted decisions or contextual aspects that deepened or limited the participatory option in the process under study. RESULTS: We identified the presence and important performance of stakeholders who are “not specialists in evaluation”, through participation both in the direction of the evaluation process and in its distinct stages. The formed group started from their own annoyances added to the need for information and reflection to define the subject and scope of the evaluation; the use of the process planned by them guided the definition of the data to be collected and the format of result dissemination; the empirical material analysis was undertaken jointly by the participants. Regarding the third dimension, a limitation was identified regarding the diversity of actors involved due to the prioritization of the possibility of in-depth work with a fixed group of managers. CONCLUSIONS: It is stated that there is no “ideal participation model” for evaluations. In certain contexts and structures, real opportunities for participation – even if they seem fragile at first sight – should be leveraged, and that requires flexibility and critical reflection on the part of those responsible for the evaluation processes to undertake the necessary adjustments.

scholarly journals The Parallaxes of the Fox: Towards Definition of the Subject and Status of Social Philosophy

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-172
Author(s):  
Alexander Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Sociology ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Normative Dimension ◽  
The Times ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Empirical Material

The author of this article tries to reconsider the subject field of social-philosophical knowledge. He considers the principal difference of social philosophy from theoretical sociology, historical sociology, and political philosophy. On the basis of this differentiation, it is stated that social philosophy is a separate and coherent discipline. The author then considers several possible approaches to the study of society that could be characterized as “weak programs” of social philosophy. On such a basis, it is claimed that a “strong program” of social philosophy could be formed. This program must organically combine the following assumptions: the methodology of neo-Marxism, including the orientation towards the traditional for these current intellectual objects of analysis, and accurate and thorough studies, as well as a firmness and conceptual coherence, i.e., a level of analysis beyond the immediate empirical material. The author then considers one of the main challenges that social philosophy faces or must face in the nearest future. Social philosophy has to fulfill an important task: to say something sensible about the times we are living in, to determine changes in culture and economy, as well as to give an answer to the question of what comes instead of postmodernity, if such a thing ever existed. On the basis of the above-mentioned points, the following working definition of social philosophy is given: multiple (although not always) philosophical conceptualizations of social problems, phenomena, and complex notions, as well as theoretical attempts at interpreting our or/and another epoch, which, in the interpretation, first of all assumes a normative dimension, and secondly, is based on rich empirical material. This approach can also be explained through the notion of “the parallax of the fox”, which assumes that social philosophy deals with many things, but at the same time, tries to give a new look at existing problems and to determine its heuristic potential.

scholarly journals Poverty — definitional problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 235-243
Author(s):  
Martyna Stępień
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Increasing Knowledge ◽  
Universal Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Taking Action ◽  
The Way

Poverty has always existed; nevertheless, one must seek to reduce it, because it is an evil. However, before taking action in this direction, it is necessary to indicate what the problem is, what its essence is, hence it is necessary to define poverty. This is extremely important both from a research-theoretical as well as a practical perspective. Difficulties in establishing a single universal definition of poverty stem from the complexity and multidimensionality of this matter. Contemporary researchers agree that poverty does not have a solely economic dimension, because the other aspects are also important — such as cultural, psychological. The way of defining poverty has changed with increasing knowledge of the subject. When creating definitions of poverty, the assumption must be that the evil of poverty is real, so it is not a subjective assessment.

scholarly journals Dynamic Sense Representation Using Conceptual Fuzzy Sets

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 859-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Sekiya ◽  
◽  
Takeshi Kondo ◽  
Makoto Hashimoto ◽  
Tomohiro Takagi
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
General Information ◽  
Retrieval Task ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Sense Representation ◽  
N Gram ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Word Senses

The ambiguity in language is one of the most difficult problems in dealing with word senses using computers. Word senses vary dynamically depending on context. We need to specify the context to identify these. However, context also varies depending on granularity and the viewpoint of the topic. Therefore, generally speaking, people pay attention to the part of the attributes of the entity, which the dictionary definition of the word indicates, depending on such variant contexts. We call this “aspectual sense.” In this paper, we propose a method to represent such senses using conceptual fuzzy sets. First we generate atomic conceptual fuzzy sets automatically using word sequences just before the target word and the modified confabulation model (a prediction method similar to the n-gram model). Then we assign a word to the appropriate fuzzy set using a method based on co-occurrences. Based on an experiment using a large corpus, which was the AQUAINT collection consisting of 1 million newswire text data in English compiled from three sources, we generated each atomic conceptual fuzzy set expressed in the aspectual sense depending on variant contexts. Then we experimented using a few keywords, phrased like short queries, in a general information retrieval task, which is a difficult situation to extract context. The results of this task demonstrated that each assigned fuzzy set corresponding to context predicted by the few keywords was appropriate.

Typologization of security regulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Denis Tikhomirov
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Procedural Understanding ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Legal Understanding

The purpose of the article is to typologize terminological definitions of security, to find out the general, to identify the originality of their interpretations depending on the subject of legal regulation. The methodological basis of the study is the methods that made it possible to obtain valid conclusions, in particular, the method of comparison, through which it became possible to correlate different interpretations of the term "security"; method of hermeneutics, which allowed to elaborate texts of normative legal acts of Ukraine, method of typologization, which made it possible to create typologization groups of variants of understanding of the term "security". Scientific novelty. The article analyzes the understanding of the term "security" in various regulatory acts in force in Ukraine. Typological groups were understood to understand the term "security". Conclusions. The analysis of the legal material makes it possible to confirm that the issues of security are within the scope of both legislative regulation and various specialized by-laws. However, today there is no single conception on how to interpret security terminology. This is due both to the wide range of social relations that are the subject of legal regulation and to the relativity of the notion of security itself and the lack of coherence of views on its definition in legal acts and in the scientific literature. The multiplicity of definitions is explained by combinations of material and procedural understanding, static - dynamic, and conditioned by the peculiarities of a particular branch of legal regulation, limited ability to use methods of one or another branch, the inter-branch nature of some variations of security, etc. Separation, common and different in the definition of "security" can be used to further standardize, in fact, the regulatory legal understanding of security to more effectively implement the legal regulation of the security direction.

Antonio Negri

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Diran
Keyword(s):  
Critical Distance ◽  
Middle Voice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Antonio Negri

Agamben describes his posture as a reader as one of seeking a text’s Entwicklungsfähigkeit, or capacity for elaboration.1 In examining Agamben’s practices of reading, we can attend to the opposite phenomenon: the counter-elaboration that a text, in having being read by the philosopher, performs upon Agamben’s own thought. This reciprocal elaboration might constitute a paradigm for Agamben’s use of reading, according to his own idiosyncratic definition of use as an event in the middle voice, in which (according to a definition of Benveniste) the subject ‘effects an action only in affecting itself (il effectue en s’affectant)’ (UB 28). With this definition in mind, we could say that Agamben effects a text (he writes) only to the extent that he is also affected by another text (he reads). This is why Agamben’s position as a reader proves particularly important to any assessment of his work, quite aside from the problem of influence or intellectual genealogy. For this same reason, however, assessing Agamben’s relation to Antonio Negri – a figure with whom, by most measures, he is at odds – poses an unexpected challenge: how can Agamben’s thought be a use of Negri? Answering this question means not only assessing the critical distance between the two thinkers, but also taking this distance as a measure, in the Spinozan sense, of mutual affection.

The Autobiographical Subject and the Death Penalty

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-187
Author(s):  
E. S. Burt
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
First Person ◽  
Philosophical Investigation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

Why does writing of the death penalty demand the first-person treatment that it also excludes? The article investigates the role played by the autobiographical subject in Derrida's The Death Penalty, Volume I, where the confessing ‘I’ doubly supplements the philosophical investigation into what Derrida sees as a trend toward the worldwide abolition of the death penalty: first, to bring out the harmonies or discrepancies between the individual subject's beliefs, anxieties, desires and interests with respect to the death penalty and the state's exercise of its sovereignty in applying it; and second, to provide a new definition of the subject as haunted, as one that has been, but is no longer, subject to the death penalty, in the light of the worldwide abolition currently underway.

Missing Data - Better "Not to Have Them", but What If You Do? (Part 1)

Marketing ZFP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Dirk Temme ◽  
Sarah Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Missing Data ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Full Information Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Missing values are ubiquitous in empirical marketing research. If missing data are not dealt with properly, this can lead to a loss of statistical power and distorted parameter estimates. While traditional approaches for handling missing data (e.g., listwise deletion) are still widely used, researchers can nowadays choose among various advanced techniques such as multiple imputation analysis or full-information maximum likelihood estimation. Due to the available software, using these modern missing data methods does not pose a major obstacle. Still, their application requires a sound understanding of the prerequisites and limitations of these methods as well as a deeper understanding of the processes that have led to missing values in an empirical study. This article is Part 1 and first introduces Rubin’s classical definition of missing data mechanisms and an alternative, variable-based taxonomy, which provides a graphical representation. Secondly, a selection of visualization tools available in different R packages for the description and exploration of missing data structures is presented.

CONCEPT AND CONTENT OF A RECONCILIATION AGREEMENT IN THE CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS OF UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariia Sirotkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

The article is turned out to a scientific search for the concept of "a reconciliation agreement between the victim and the suspect or accused" through the study of the essence of reconciliation and role in criminal proceedings thereof. The author notes that criminal procedural law (until 2012) had been proclaimed another approach to reconciliation between victim and suspect, not involved a dispute procedure as a conflict, the result of which can be reached by compromise and understanding through reconciliation. It is stated that one of the ways to resolve the legal conflict in committing a criminal offense was the opportunity to reach a compromise between the victim and the suspect (the accused) by concluding a reconciliation agreement between them, provided by the Code of Сriminal Procedure of Ukraine (2012). The main attention is placed on the shortcoming of the domestic criminal procedure law which is the lack of the concept of "a reconciliation agreement between the victim and the suspect or the accused", which can be eliminated only through examining the essence or legal nature of reconciliation in criminal proceedings. Taking into consideration the current legislation and modern views on the institution of reconciliation in criminal proceedings, the author's definition of the concept of "a reconciliation agreement" is proposed. Thus, “The conciliation agreement is an agreement in criminal proceedings concluded between the victim and the suspect or the accused person on their own initiative in relation to crimes of minor or medium gravity and in criminal proceedings in the form of private prosecution, the subject of which is the compensation of harm caused by wrongdoing or committing other actions not related to compensation for the damage that the suspect or the accused is obliged to commit in favor of the victim, in exchange for an agreed punishment and sentencing thereof or sentencing thereof and relief from serving a sentence with probation, as well as the statutory consequences of conclusion and approval of the agreement".

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