Conceptual and Mathematical Models, Methods, and Technologies for the Study of the Digital Transformation of Economic and Social Systems: A Literature Review and Research Agenda (Part II)

The results of the review of the subject field on the research of the digital transformation of economic and social systems is carried out (part II). We reviewed main theoretical, mathematical tools which could allow solving unsolved problems. The review of such main theoretical tools that can become the basis for developing the “activity paradigm” of research is carried out.

Décor as a form of social belonging in Ancient Rome

The purpose of the article consists of exploring the category of décor as a form of social belonging in ancient Rome. The methodology consists in the application of analytical method – to determine the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of the décor in the works of Roman architects and philosophers: Vitruvius, Cicero, Seneca, Epicurus; formalization method – to clarify the concept of "décor" within the subject field of art history; the hermeneutic method – for interpreting the semantic load of the notion "décor" in the context of the culture of Ancient Rome; method of comparative studies – for analyzing approaches to understanding the category of décor as a form of social belonging in Ancient Rome. The scientific novelty of the work is that for the first time the essence of the décor as a form of social belonging in Ancient Rome. Conclusions. In Ancient Rome, the phenomenon of "Entertainment" was an important component of the socio-cultural life of this period, there was not a single sphere where this phenomenon did not act as the main decoration, the triumphs of emperors, the luxurious life of the patricians, all this was expressed in one definition of Juvenal – "Bread and circuses", Which became a defining marker in the culture and art of Ancient Rome. Décor, as an integral part of this phenomenon, becomes a form of social belonging, reflecting the characteristics of the corresponding lifestyle. The transformation of the concepts "décor" and "ornare" is considered, the first - in the ideological aspect of respect for the imperial power, the second - in the traditional decoration of Roman armor for legionnaires, as a means of emphasizing their belonging to the military. The most striking example of décor was the Arc de Triomphe, built in honor of the emperors (the Arc de Triomphe of Titus, Trajan, Constantine, etc.). On the example of the works of Vitruvius, Cicero, Seneca, the meaning of the category "décor" was considered as "Decor ornamentorum", the correspondence of details in relation to the whole, individual, special beauty that organically combines the combination of individual parts of an object into a single whole, situation or setting. Defined "décor" as a form of social belonging in the context of the transformation of the four Pompeian styles based on the decoration of insula and domus for different segments of the population (Domus aurea, "Villa of the Mysteries" in Pompeii, the house of Marcus Lucretius Frontinus in Pompeii, the villa in Oplontisi, the house of Menander in Pompeii, "House with Red Walls", "House of the Century" and "House of Julius Polybius"). Keywords: décor, interpretation, a culture of Ancient Rome, Vitruvius, Entertainment, Seneca, mosaic.

Ethnic translation studies as a new translation boarderland / frontier

Статья посвящена анализу некоторых изменений, происходящих в предметном поле современного переводоведения и связанных с появлением новых объектов перевода на практике и их теоретического осмысления. Случаи расширения категориальной парадигмы науки о переводе рассматриваются в контексте основных социокультурных процессов (глобализации и глокализации), поскольку ключевыми объектами рассматриваемого неовида перевода являются этнотексты, принадлежащие культурам коренных народов Сибири. Этнотексты представляют собой традиционные хранилища культурной информации и памяти уникальных этносов, некоторые из которых испытывают значительное влияние унификации, что нередко приводит к нивелированию их культурных и языковых особенностей. В настоящем исследовании предпринята попытка использования для рассмотрения проблематики декодирования информации этнотекстов методологического инструмента, ставшего в последнее время популярным в гуманитарном дискурсе – фронтира. Символическое понимание фронтира применимо к обозначению и рассмотрению в научном (переводоведческом в данном исследовании) дискурсе встречи старого и нового, изученного и неизученного, понятного и непонятного, однозначного и неоднозначного. В зоне фронтира информационная энтропия возрастает, что требует её преодоления и что в конечном счете может обеспечить дальнейшее развитие науки о переводе. Ставшая в XXI веке актуальной проблематика перевода этнотекстов отнесена в настоящей работе к новой фронтирной зоне переводоведения, в рамках которого еще предстоит решить вопросы определения механизмов изучения текстов, созданных первоначально на языках коренных народов, в зеркале этноперевода. Выделение этнопереводовения как самостоятельной области переводоведения может способствовать созданию новых возможностей для знакомства представителей «других» культур мира с уникальными языками и культурами, некоторые из которых находятся под угрозой исчезновения. Другая важная задача этноперевода определяется в отношении его использования для ревитализации и потенциальному возрождению языков коренных народов Сибири, сохранению их культурной идентичности и обеспечению культурного и языкового разнообразия современного мира, что может стать положительным исходомтекущего процесса глокализации. Некоторые вопросы формирующегося в настоящий момент этнопереводоведения рассмотрены на примере опыта перевода этнотекстов коренных народов Красноярского края и Республики Саха (Якутия). The article is devoted to the analysis of some changes taking place in the subject field of modern Translation Studies and related to the emergence of new translation objects in practice and their theoretical consideration. The cases of the categorical paradigm of the science of translation expansion are discussed in the context of the main socio-cultural processes (globalization and glocalization), since the key objects of the considered neo-type of translation are ethnic texts belonging to the cultures of the indigenous peoples of Siberia. Ethnic texts are traditional repositories of cultural information and memory of unique ethnic groups, some of which are significantly influenced by unification, which often leads to the leveling of their cultural and linguistic characteristics. In this study, an attempt is made to use a methodological tool that has recently become popular in the humanitarian discourse to consider the problems of decoding information of ethnic texts – a frontier. The symbolic interpretation of a frontier is applicable to the designation and consideration in the scholarly (Translation Studies in the present research) discourse of the meeting of the old and the new, the studied and the unexplored, the understandable and the incomprehensible, the definite and the ambiguous. In the frontier zone, information entropy increases, which requires overcoming it and ultimately can ensure the further development of the science of translation. The problems of ethnic texts translation, which have become relevant in the 21st century, are attributed in the present paper to the new frontier zone of Translation Studies, within the framework of which the issues of determining the mechanisms for studying texts originally created in the languages of indigenous peoples in the mirror of ethnic translation have yet to be resolved. The identification of ethnic translation as an independent field of Translation Studies can contribute to the creation of new opportunities for “other” cultures of the world representatives to get acquainted with unique languages and cultures, some of which are endangered. Another important task of ethnic translation is defined in relation to its use for the revitalization and potential revival of the languages of the indigenous peoples of Siberia, the preservation of their cultural identity and ensuring the cultural and linguistic diversity of the modern world, which can become a positive outcome of the current glocalization process. Some issues of the currently emerging Ethnic Translation Studies are considered on the example of the experience of translating the ethnic texts of the indigenous peoples of Krasnoyarsk Krai and the Sakha Republic (Yakutia).

Particles formation due to the wear of tires and measures for the wear reduction: A review

Tires are a very important part of a vehicle, necessary for the vehicle driving. During the vehicle exploitation, due to the friction which appears in the contact between the tire and the road, it comes to the formation of so called non-exhaust particles. The particles formed during the vehicle exploitation can be composed of heavy metals and they are harmful for people’s health and for the environment. Several factors influence the size of the wear of tires. The investigations about the tires behavior as well as the size of the wear can be conducted on the road, in the laboratory, as well as by application of modern software. The paper shows the applied methodologies applied by other researchers during the investigation of tires particles formation, the applied materials for the tires manufacturing, influential parameters on the wear of tires, as well as methods for the wear of tires reduction. After analyzing other researches in the subject field, the authors have come to the conclusions related to the factors which can reduce the wear of tires and these factors should be given proper attention in further studies.

Visual art as a form of individualization of collective experience: Renaissance discourse

The purpose of the article consists of exploring visual arts in the context of Renaissance discourse as a form of individualization of collective experience. The methodology consists of the application of analytical method – to determine the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of visual art as a form of individualization of collective experience in the works of the Renaissance theorists: Alberti, G. Vasari, Marsilio Ficino, Lorenzo Valla, Pietro Pomponazzi; Renaissance artists – Giotto, Masaccio, Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael Santi, Titian; formalization method – to clarify visual art within the subject field of art history in the context of the culture of the Renaissance; method of comparative studies – for analyzing approaches to understanding the visual art as a form of individualization of collective experience. The scientific novelty of the work is that for the first time the essence of visual art is a form of individualization of collective experience in the context of the Renaissance discourse. Conclusions. The article explores visual art in the context of the Renaissance discourse as a form of individualization of collective experience. Clarified the meaning of the concept of visual art and painting in the framework of the subject field of art history (concepts of A. Gabrichevsky, M. Kagan, V. Vlasov, A. Hildebrand). In the socio-cultural development of the Renaissance, there is an intensive process of individualization of the artist, and there is also a tendency to intensively turn to samples of ancient art, which testifies to the visual art as the brightest form of individualization of collective experience. In the context of comparative analysis, the concepts of Cennino D'Andrea Cennini, G. Vasari, Alberti, Lorenzo Ghiberti, Filarete, Piero Della Francesco, Leonardo da Vinci, Jean Peleren, Albrecht Dürer, Pietro Aretino, who described all the advantages of painting based on color, are considered; the Venetian artist Paolo Pino, author of Dialogue on Painting; Lodovico Dolci, author of Dialogue on Painting; the Tuscan writer A. Doni, who in his dialogue "About drawing" explained the priority of the Florentine tradition, in which the emphasis was on drawing, and not on coloring. Key words: visual art, renaissance, painting, collective experience, individualization

Recommendatory base for the delivery of specialized medical care to patients with spine and spinal cord injury in Russia: subject field review

Objective. To evaluate the composition and content of the recommendatory base for delivery of specialized medical care to patients with spine and spinal cord injury on the territory of the Russian Federation.Material and Methods. The published recommendations specifying the content of the diagnostic, therapeutic, rehabilitation and preventive components of the provision of medical care to patients with spine and spinal cord injury were reviewed. The search for information was carried out in the eLibrary.ru bibliographic resource, documents of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, publications of specialized medical professional non-profit organizations, and other manuals. The depth of information selection was 18 years (since 2003). The review was prepared following the PRISMA-ScR and PRISMA-S guidelines.Results. The current Russian recommendatory base in the field under consideration includes articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals, practical guidelines, regulatory documents and eight clinical guidelines prepared by the Association of Traumatologists and Orthopedists of Russia and by the Association of Neurosurgeons of Russia approved or submitted for approval by the Ministry of Health. A significant degree of cross-use of information has been established, in general covering a wide range of diagnostic, therapeutic, rehabilitation and preventive issues.Conclusion. Most of the Russian recommendations on the provision of medical care to patients with spine and spinal cord injury do not have high strength, are not based on high-certainty evidence, are general in nature, especially in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic tactics, and are created without consideration of the medical care delivery setting. The methodology for their development is reported extremely poorly.

ORIGINS OF THE PARTNERSHIP APPROACH IN ACTIVITY OF INNOVATOR TEACHERS OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE XX CENTURY

The article focuses on the unique activity of educators-innovators of the second half of the twentieth century. The paper looks at research dealing with the peculiarities of the implementation of the partnership approach due to the interaction of the teacher, learner and parents are revealed. The aspects of optimization of the educational process are distinguished through the prism of determination of the development of a partnership approach in a creative environment. The innovative educational system of educator-innovators is presented, which enables the intensification of interpersonal communication in the conditional partnership triangles: teacher-parents-learner. The scientific heritage of teacher-practitioners is analyzed to the specifics of educational and educational work, which envisaged the implementation of the dialogue strategy and cooperation. The work aims at revealing the origins of the partnership approach in the activities of educator-innovators (the 50s‒80s of the twentieth century). The methods used in the study are as follows: personal-biographical, historical and genetic, historical and comparative. This paper clarifies that the partnership approach is in the educational process through the cooperation of the teacher, parents and learner.It has been established that modern school education in Ukraine is developing in the system of “partnership pedagogy”, which is defined in the concept of “The New Ukrainian School” (2016). The genesis of the concept “partnership approach” is explained in the subject field of the heritage of educator-innovators; their ideas cultivate the educational intellectual and organizational core – a new culture of communication and cooperation. The tendencies of its formation revealed in the works of scientists are such as learner's motivation to learn, the autonomy of a learner, leadership, responsibility, effective assimilation of theoretical and practical knowledge on the principle of the partnership approach. As it is revealed, the ideas of teacher-innovators of the second half of the twentieth century are of practical significance since they provide a scientific understanding of the implementation of the tasks of modern education in Ukraine. Keywords: partnership pedagogy; affiliate approach; cooperation pedagogy; educator-innovator; personality; communication; interaction; school education.

Conceptual and mathematical models, methods, and technologies for the study of the digital transformation of economic and social systems: a literature review and research agenda (Part I)

The research review of the subject field on the research of the digital transformation of economic and social systems is carried out. The research includes two parts. In the frost part the conceptual and mathematical models based on them research considered to apply digital technologies for various types of activities. Based on the systematic use of the review of the subject field, a complex of “white spots” is revealed — inconsistencies of the conceptual and mathematical models necessary in practice, methods of mathematical research of digital transformation of systems of different types, on the one hand, and the available theoretical means for such research, on the other. A significant amount of such inconsistencies is caused by insufficient investigation of the complex of pragmatic, practical aspects of activity based on mathematical forecasting of the results of using modern (digital) technologies in systems of various types. We proved that a pragmatic mathematical study of activity could make it possible to design and improve the digital transformation of systems of different types. We could do such a study by evaluating the activity results, analyzing them using mathematical models, and then synthesizing the activity with mathematical methods based on the analysis of the effects of using information technologies. Such a synthesis can, for example, provide the best results of activities due to the choice of the composition and characteristics of digital technologies.

Subject field of experience intentionality: phenomenological analysis

The article is devoted to reveal of specifics of phenomenological approach to problem of experience understanding, especially its’ intentional nature. It is established that phenomenological explication of experience reveals its’ connection with problem of Another.