Evaluation of the trophic status of Sillago sihama and Sillago arabica at the south of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq

The present study is investigated the diet composition, feeding activity and intensity, and trophic niche breadth of two Sillaginid fish, Sillago sihama and Sillago arabica at the south of the Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq from May 2019 to April 2020. A total of 511 specimens of fish comprised of 239 S. sihama and 272 S. arabica were used for the study. Fish length ranged from 11.7-23.7 and 13.0- 31.2 cm of the previous species, respectively. The results showed that the feeding activity and intensity influenced by months since the lowest stomach fullness occurred during the winter months. The analysis of diet for both species using the index of relative importance (IRI %) of prey items showed that the species were carnivores. The prey items of S. sihama were crabs (80.8%), shrimp (14.6%) and fish (4.6%), while the diet of S. arabica composed mainly on crabs (54.3%), shrimp (32.7%) and fish (13.0%). The overall values of feeding and vacuity indices were 40.4% and 9.5%, respectively for S. sihama, whereas 52.0% and 18.2%, respectively for S. arabica. Based on the results of trophic niche breadth indicate that S. schema is a high specialist feeder (Bi= 0.23), while S. arabica was considered a non-specialized feeder (Bi= 0.71). The study concludes that both species were carnivorous feeders, feeding mainly on crabs, shrimp and fish. S. sihama was a low specialized feeder, while S. arabica was not specialized.

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Feeding habits of the toothed flounder Cyclopsetta querna (Paralichthyidae) of the south-east Gulf of California

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315410000603 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 91 (6) ◽

pp. 1225-1230 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Felipe Amezcua ◽

Alfonso Portillo ◽

Felipe Amezcua-Linares

Keyword(s):

Gulf Of California ◽

Diet Composition ◽

Niche Breadth ◽

Feeding Habits ◽

Demersal Fish ◽

Trophic Niche ◽

The South ◽

Top Predators

Feeding habits of the toothed flounder Cyclopsetta querna caught in the south-east Gulf of California were studied. Specimens were collected via demersal fish surveys. Results of this study show that C. querna is a predator that focuses on fish inhabiting the bottom and in particular on tonguefish (Symphurus sp.), midshipman fish (Porichthys sp.) and moray eels (Muraenidae). The diet of the toothed flounder did not vary significantly throughout the period of study, and neither size nor sex-related variations in diet composition were observed. Simpson's index indicates a limited trophic niche breadth with a diet dominated by a limited number of taxa. The estimated TROPH value for C. querna is similar to that estimated for other demersal top predators from the studied area; therefore, the toothed flounder can be considered a top carnivore from the demersal community in the Gulf of California.

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Food habits of Rhinella proboscidea (Anura: Bufonidae) in terra firme forests of central Amazonia

Phyllomedusa Journal of Herpetology ◽

10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v18i1p37-46 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 37-46

Author(s):

Alice Cristina Rodrigues Borges ◽

Talitha Ferreira dos Santos ◽

Luciana Frazão ◽

Sergio Marques-Souza ◽

Marcelo Menin

Keyword(s):

Prey Item ◽

Food Habits ◽

Diet Composition ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Niche Breadth ◽

Trophic Niche ◽

Terra Firme ◽

Central Amazonia ◽

Active Forager ◽

Prey Items

Food habits of Rhinella proboscidea (Anura: Bufonidae) in terra frme forests of central Amazonia. Anuran species are considered generalist and opportunist feeders. However, some species have dietary specializations. Here we describe the diet composition of Rhinella proboscidea based on the stomach content of 29 individuals captured in terra frme forests in Manaus and São Sebastião do Uatumã, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Each prey item was measured and identifed to Order, Suborder or Family; ants were identifed to Genus. We determined and tested for differences in the trophic niche breadth and the relationships between the frog size and the volume of the largest prey item. We recorded 1614 prey items of 44 taxa. Hymenoptera was the most abundant Order followed by Isoptera, Acari, Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Araneae, Hemiptera, Dermaptera, Diptera, and Collembola. Formicidae comprised 46.56% of the all stomach items and was represented by six subfamilies and 22 genera. Additionally, we found 80 nematodes in a total of 18 frogs. There was a signifcant difference in the trophic niche breadths of the study areas, and a positive relationship between the toad size and volume of the largest prey item consumed. Rhinella proboscidea feeds on a variety of invertebrates, with ants, termites, and mites being the most abundant; this suggests that the toad is an active forager. The most common subfamily was Myrmicinae primarily represented by Crematogaster and Atta. Differences in trophic niche breadths of the study areas may be related to seasonal differences in the diet composition or local factors.

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Diet of the toad Rhinella icterica (Anura: Bufonidae) from Atlantic Forest Highlands of southeastern Brazil

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/s1676-06032012000400027 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 258-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Leandro Talione Sabagh ◽

Ana Maria Paulino Telles Carvalho-e-Silva ◽

Carlos Frederico Duarte Rocha

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

National Park ◽

Niche Breadth ◽

Trophic Niche ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Important Prey ◽

High Consumption ◽

Low Diversity ◽

Mouth Size ◽

Index Of Relative Importance

In this study, we present some information of the regarding throphic niche from the anuran toad Rhinella icterica living in high altitudes above 2000 m a.s.l. from a habitat of the Atlantic Forest Biome - the Altitude Fields in the Itatiaia National Park. We found 150 prey items in toad stomachs, belonging to five prey types, as well as skin remains and some remains of plant material. The index of relative importance indicated that most important prey types were beetles and ants, these last composing 70% of the diet numerically and the trophic niche breadth (B) was 1.81. The relatively low diversity of prey types we recorded in the diet of R. icterica of Itatiaia and numerically dominated by ants suggests some preference for this item. We do not found significant relationship between the toad measurements with the preys' measurements. We concluded that R. icterica toads at the highlands of Itatiaia feeds on arthropods, mainly ants and coleopterans and that the high consumption of preys with relatively small and similar size as ants in the diet prevents an expected relationship among frog body or mouth size and prey volume and size.

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Diet and trophic niche overlap of Boana bischoffi and Boana marginata (Anura: Hylidae) in southern Brazil

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2018-0542 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Camila F. Moser ◽

Mateus de Oliveira ◽

Fernanda R. de Avila ◽

Diogo Dutra-Araújo ◽

Renata K. Farina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Diet Composition ◽

Niche Breadth ◽

Niche Overlap ◽

Food Composition ◽

Trophic Niche ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Important Prey ◽

History Of

Abstract: The species Boana bischoffi and Boana marginata are endemic to the Atlantic Forest, where they often occur in sympatry. There is a large gap in the knowledge of natural history of both species. In this study, we aimed to describe and compare the diet composition of B. bischoffi and B. marginata in the southern domain of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We analyzed the gastrointestinal contents of 43 individuals of B. bischoffi and 30 individuals of B. marginata. Both showed a high trophic niche overlap (0.90 Ojk). The most important prey categories for both species belonged to the orders Araneae and Coleoptera. The species niche breadth (Bsta) varied from 0.35 to 0.42, suggesting a generalist feeding behavior for both species. Our data provide unprecedented information on these species' food composition, contributing to a better knowledge of the natural history of neotropical anurans.

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Trophic ecology of the Patagonian skate, Bathyraja macloviana, on the Argentine continental shelf

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1016/j.icesjms.2006.02.002 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 867-874 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

L.B. Scenna ◽

S.B. García de la Rosa ◽

J.M. Díaz de Astarloa

Keyword(s):

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Continental Shelf ◽

Trophic Ecology ◽

Niche Breadth ◽

Feeding Strategy ◽

Reproductive Behaviour ◽

Trophic Niche ◽

Important Prey ◽

High Degree ◽

Prey Items

Abstract The diet, feeding strategy, and dentition of the Patagonian skate, Bathyraja macloviana, on the northern continental shelf of Argentina were studied from specimens collected during research cruises in September and October 2001. Of a total of 81 stomachs examined, only 3.7% were empty. Cumulative prey curves showed that sample sizes were adequate to describe the main prey items of the diet. Quantitative analysis, a graphical method, and trophic niche breadth indicated the species to be a specialized feeder. The most important prey items were polychaetes, followed by gammarid amphipods, isopods, and crabs. Cumaceans, ophiuroids, and hydrozoans were likely incidentally consumed by mature females. Sexual dimorphism in dentition was observed; mature males had longer and sharper tooth cusps than females or immature males. However, there was a high degree of dietary overlap between mature males and mature females, indicating that dental sexual dimorphism in the species is more important in reproductive behaviour than in differential prey consumption.

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Do local environmental factors structure the trophic niche of the splash tetra, Copella arnoldi? A test in an Amazonian stream system

Acta Amazonica ◽

10.1590/1809-4392201802681 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 54-60

Author(s):

Bruno Eleres SOARES ◽

Naraiana Loureiro BENONE ◽

Daniela Cristina Oliveira ROSA ◽

Luciano Fogaça de Assis MONTAG

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Diet Composition ◽

Niche Breadth ◽

Stomach Contents ◽

Canopy Cover ◽

Environmental Variation ◽

Trophic Niche ◽

Small Scale ◽

Trophic Resources ◽

Locally Homogeneous

ABSTRACT Environmental variation affects the availability of spatial and trophic resources in Amazonian streams and may be important factors structuring the diet of fishes. We analyzed the diet composition and trophic niche breadth of the lebiasinid splash tetra, Copella arnoldi, aiming to evaluate how environmental variation in Amazonian streams affects the species’ trophic niche. Fish were captured and environmental factors were recorded in 20 streams in the Caxiuanã National Forest, in the eastern Amazon, in November 2010. We made a semi-quantitative analysis of stomach contents of 200 individuals. Copella arnoldi exhibited an omnivorous diet composed mainly of detritus and allochthonous invertebrates. Environmental variation (stream width, stream depth, canopy cover and flow) did not affect the diet composition or trophic niche breadth of the species, possibly due to the regional integrity of the forest within the boundaries of the protected area. Riparian cover probably minimizes the effect of the small-scale variations in food resources, thus leading to a locally homogeneous diet composition in the splash tetra C. arnoldi.

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Stomach content analysis and length-weight relationship of the Pontic shad Alosa immaculata Bennett, 1835 (Pisces: Clupeidae), from the eastern Black Seacoast of Turkey

Indian Journal of Fisheries ◽

10.21077/ijf.2019.66.4.79747-05 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Rahsan Evren Mazlum ◽

Sevkiye Akgumus

Keyword(s):

Diet Composition ◽

Stomach Content Analysis ◽

Weight Relationship ◽

Black Sea Coast ◽

Length Range ◽

Index Of Relative Importance ◽

Seasonal Analysis ◽

Autumn And Winter ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Prey Items

Diet composition of the anadromous Pontic shad Alosa immaculata Bennett, 1835 was studied in relation to season and body size, from samples collected from the south-east Black Sea coast of Turkey in spring, autumn and winter during the period from March 2012 - February 2013. Out of 236 samples, 226 stomachs contained food and 24 prey items were identified. Nematoda sp. and teleosts were the main prey items with index of relative importance (IRI) of 59.3 and 38.2% respectively. Seasonal analysis showed that the IRI of Nematoda sp. was 71.6% in winter, 50.6% in spring and 37.1% in autumn. The stomachs of fishes in the length range of 12.0 -19.9 cm contained a higher proportion of Nematoda sp. (IRI up to 74 - 80%). Larger fishes in the length range of 24.0-32.8 cm consumed more teleosts (>45% IRI) than the others. The length-weight relationship showed that females grow in positive allometric pattern while males have isometric growth.

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Dieta de Craugastor raniformis Boulenger (Anura: Craugastoridae) en un area con bosque seco tropical del norte de Colombia

ACTA ZOOLÓGICA MEXICANA (N S ) ◽

10.21829/azm.2015.312994 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Argelina Blanco-Torres ◽

Marta Duré ◽

María Argenis Bonilla

Keyword(s):

Diet Composition ◽

Niche Breadth ◽

Tropical Dry Forest ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Trophic Niche ◽

Dry Forest

We characterize the diet of Craugastor raniformis, a terrestrial frog that inhabits the tropical dry forest in Colombia. The diet is constituted mostly of orthopterans, millipedes, arachnids and ants. Considering the morphological characteristics of this species, diet composition, gut vacuity index, trophic niche breadth and diversity, we consider this species would behave like a sit and wait predator.

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Contribution to the knowledge of diet of the Long-eared Owl (Asio otus, L. 1758) during nonbreeding period in the area of Kikinda town

Zastita prirode ◽

10.5937/zaspri2001047r ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (1-2) ◽

pp. 47-56

Author(s):

Draženko Rajković

Keyword(s):

Small Mammals ◽

Diet Composition ◽

Pannonian Basin ◽

Trophic Niche ◽

Result Section ◽

Diet Diversity ◽

Dietary Preferences ◽

Autumn And Winter ◽

Prey Items ◽

Vojvodina Province

The paper presents an analysis of the diet of Long-eared Owl at the winter roosting place in Kikinda town during the autumn and winter months of 2014/2015. The osteological and odontological parts of prey items extracted from the pellets were used to investigate the diet composition of Long-eared Owl. In the result section, the composition of prey, dietary preferences, the width of the trophic niche and diet diversity were described and analyzed. Besides, a brief biogeographic overview of the small mammals' composition is given for the northern Banat district (Vojvodina Province, northern Serbia). The obtained results were compared with other similar studies from northern Serbia and the rest of the Pannonian Basin.

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