Pengolahan limbah cair industri pembekuan ikan kaca piring (Sillago sihama) menggunakan kombinasi bakteri Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus megaterium, Nitrococcus sp. dan Pseudomonas putida secara aerob

Industri pembekuan ikan (cold storage) sangat besar mengkonsumsi air untuk proses pencucian bahan baku dan peralatan sehingga banyak menghasilkan limbah cair. Salah satu pengolahan limbah yaitu secara biologi dengan memanfaatkan aktivitas mikroorganisme untuk menurunkan substrat tertentu pada limbah. Bakteri yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus megaterium, Nitrococcus sp. dan Pseudomonas putida. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan kombinasi bakteri terhadap limbah cair industri pembekuan ikan kaca piring (Sillago sihama), dengan melihat perubahan nilai pH, TSS (Total Solid Suspended), amonia, minyak dan lemak, BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) dan COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan membandingkan kelompok perlakuan dengan kontrol. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengamatan yaitu hari ke-0, hari ke-5 dan hari ke-10. Limbah cair yang berasal dari pabrik pembekuan ikan kaca piring (Sillago sihama) dari PT. Inti Luhur Fuja Abadi, kabupaten Pasuruan. Hasil dari penelitian ini perlakuan kombinasi bakteri Acinetobacter baumannii (A), Bacillus megaterium (B),, Nitrococcus sp. (N), dan Pseudomonas putida (P) memberikan pengaruh yang nyata pada semua parameter. Nilai yang dihasilkan telah memenuhi syarat baku mutu limbah cair pembekuan ikan pada peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup nomor 5 tahun 2014. Nilai pH mengalami kenaikan dari kontrol, hari ke 5 sampai hari ke 10. Untuk kombinasi bakteri terbaik adalah A+P dengan nilai TSS sebesar 63,85 mg/L, kadar amoniak sebesar 1,02 mg/L, minyak dan lemak sebesar 1,95 mg/L, BOD sebesar 20,05 mg/L, dan COD sebesar 79,95 mg/L.

Description of a new species, Sillago nigrofasciata sp. nov. (Perciformes, Sillaginidae) from the southern coast of China

A new Sillago species, the black-banded sillago, Sillago nigrofasciatasp. nov., is described based on 302 specimens sampled from the southern coast of China. Morphological comparisons have been conducted between the new species and ten other Sillago species. The results show that the new species is characterized by a black mid-lateral band below the lateral line when fresh; other characteristics are similar to those of Sillago sihama but subtle differences exist on the swim bladder between Sillago nigrofasciata sp. nov. and S. sihama. A detailed description and illustrations are provided for the new species. The validity of this new species is also supported by a genetic comparison using sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene.

Chromosomal-Level Genome Assembly of Silver Sillago (Sillago Sihama)

Silver sillago, Sillago sihama is a member of the family Sillaginidae and found in all Chinese inshore waters. It is an emerging commercial marine aquaculture species in China. In this study, high-quality chromosome-level reference genome of S. sihama was first constructed using PacBio Sequel sequencing and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) technique. A total of 66.16 Gb clean reads were generated by PacBio sequencing platforms. The genome-scale was 521.63 Mb with 556 contigs, and 13.54 Mb of contig N50 length. Additionally, Hi-C scaffolding of the genome resulted in 24 chromosomes containing 96.93% of the total assembled sequences. A total of 23,959 protein-coding genes were predicted in the genome, and 96.51% of the genes were functionally annotated in public databases. A total of 71.86 Mb repetitive elements were detected, accounting for 13.78% of the genome. The phylogenetic relationships of silver sillago with other teleosts showed that silver sillago was separated from the common ancestor of S. sinica about 7.92 million years ago. Comparative genomic analysis of silver sillago with other teleosts showed that 45 unique and 100 expansion gene families were identified in silver sillago. In this study, the genomic resources provide valuable reference genomes for functional genomics research of silver sillago.