OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY-ANGIOGRAPHY, A NEW DIAGNOSTIC AND FOLLOW-UP TOOL FOR GLAUCOMA: OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY-ANGIOGRAPHY

Optic Nerve ◽

Vascular Dysfunction ◽

New Technology ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Vascular Effects ◽

Advanced Glaucoma

Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy and is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. There are studies on the role of vascular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Evaluation of intraocular blood flow will be useful in elucidating the pathogenesis. Various techniques are available for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with glaucoma. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has emerged as new technology to detect the vascular effects of glaucoma. Objectives: Optical coherence tomography angiography is a new technology and many publications have been made in the field of glaucoma. In this article, we aimed to review the studies conducted on the role of OCTA technology in glaucoma pathogenesis and to draw attention to how OCTA can be helpful for diagnosis and follow-up in glaucoma patients. Methods: Whole literature through PubMed for the keywords of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and glaucoma were scanned. This review included articles up to February 2021. Only English languages articles were included. Results: Optical coherence tomography angiography provides a rapid and noninvasive quantitative assessment of the microcirculation of the retina, optic nerve, and choroid. Optical coherence tomography angiography uses the action of red blood cells as an intrinsic contrast agent. It has high reproducibility. Optical coherence tomography angiography studies have shown that microcirculation in the superficial optic nerve, peripapillary retina, and the macula is reduced in glaucoma patients. Optical coherence tomography angiography parameters in the peripapillary region are thought to be better biomarkers in advanced glaucoma than OCT parameters. Conclusion: Optical coherence tomography angiography is a new technology that has the potential to provide useful information in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with glaucoma.

The role of quantitative deep capillary plexus in the pathogenesis of type 3 macular neovascularization: an optical coherence tomography angiography study

Graefe s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology ◽

10.1007/s00417-021-05330-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marina Concilio ◽

Federica Fossataro ◽

Daniela Montorio ◽

Mariapaola Giordano ◽

Gilda Cennamo

Keyword(s):

Early Stage ◽

Study Groups ◽

Control Group ◽

Main Role ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Capillary Plexus ◽

Type 3

Abstract Purpose To quantitatively investigate the role of deep capillary plexus (DCP) in patients affected by type 3 macular neovascularization (MNV), compared to patients with reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) eyes and healthy controls, using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods In this prospective observational study, a total of seventy-eight eyes of 78 patients were included. Group 1 consisted of 40 eyes of 40 patients with stage 1 of type 3 MNV (22 males, 18 females, mean age 73.7, SD ± 6.60) and group 2 included 38 eyes of 38 patients with RPD (17 males, 21 females, mean age 73.2, SD ± 4.55). The control group included 40 eyes of 40 healthy subjects (20 males, 20 females, mean age 71.4, SD ± 6.36 years). We evaluated the retinal vessel density (VD) of superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) using OCTA. Results Patients with diagnosis of type 3 MNV showed statistically lower values of VD in DCP with respect to controls and to RPD group (p < 0.001), while there were no statistical differences between RPD and control group in macular region. No significant differences in VD of SCP were detected among the three study groups. Conclusion OCTA provides a reproducible, non-invasive detailed quantitative analysis of retinal vascular features and changing in early-stage type 3 MNV patients, which allowed to shed the light on the main role of DCP ischemia in the development of type 3 MNV.

Retinal microcirculation abnormalities in patients with systemic sclerosis: an explorative optical coherence tomography angiography study

Rheumatology ◽

10.1093/rheumatology/keab258 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Adriano Carnevali ◽

Giuseppe Giannaccare ◽

Valentina Gatti ◽

Caterina Battaglia ◽

Giorgio Randazzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Index ◽

Digital Ulcers ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Vascular Abnormalities ◽

Capillary Plexus ◽

Retinal Microcirculation ◽

Vascular Plexuses

Abstract Objectives To investigate subclinical and clinical abnormalities in retinal and choroidal vascular plexuses in patients with SSc by means of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). Methods A total of 20 consecutive SSc patients were recruited and compared with 20 healthy subjects. Quantitative analysis of vessel density (VD), choriocapillaris plexus flow index (CCP-FI) and choroidal vascularity index were performed on OCT-A images in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP) and CCP for all patients. Images were further reviewed by two independent readers for the assessment of qualitative abnormalities, including tortuosity, rarefaction areas, megacapillaries and macular-foveal capillaries. Results The DCP-VD in the whole scan and in the perifoveal, superior, inferior, nasal and temporal regions was significantly lower in the SSc group. The CCP-FI was significantly higher in SSc patients. When comparing SSc patients with and without digital ulcers, significantly decreased SCP-VD was demonstrated in the whole, perifoveal, superior, inferior, temporal and nasal regions. No difference in any of the OCT-A parameters was observed when comparing patients with and without interstitial lung disease. Qualitative analysis of OCT-A revealed at least one abnormality in 95% of patients. Conclusion We showed the ability of OCT-A to disclose early ocular vascular abnormalities in patients with SSc. Our results may represent a hypothesis-generating basis for exploring the potential role of OCT-A in diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis stratification in SSc.

The Role of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in the Management of Uveitis

International Ophthalmology Clinics ◽

10.1097/iio.0000000000000130 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 1-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Muhammad Hassan ◽

Aniruddha Agarwal ◽

Rubbia Afridi ◽

Michael J. daSilva ◽

Irmak Karaca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence

Investigation of Macular Choroidal Thickness and Blood Flow Change by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography After Posterior Scleral Reinforcement

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.658259 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Zheng Zhang ◽

Yue Qi ◽

Wenbin Wei ◽

Zi-Bing Jin ◽

Wen Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

High Myopia ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Pathologic Myopia ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Short Period ◽

Posterior Scleral Reinforcement

Purpose: This work aimed to study the effect of posterior scleral reinforcement (PSR) on choroidal thickness (CT) and blood flow.Methods: This study included 25 eyes of 24 patients with high myopia ( ≤ -6.0 dioptres or axial length ≥ 26.0 mm) who underwent PSR surgery. All patients completed the 1-month follow-up visit. Myopic macular degeneration (MMD) was graded according to the International Meta-Analysis for Pathologic Myopia (META-PM) classification based on color fundus photographs. Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SSOCTA) was performed to investigate CT, choroidal perfusion area (CPA), and choriocapillaris perfusion area (CCPA) change following PSR surgery.Results: The distribution of MMD categories was 9 (36.0%) in category 1, 10 (40.0%) in category 2, and 6 (24.0%) in category 3 or 4. MMD severity was strongly correlated with CT (all P < 0.01) and CPA (all P < 0.04). Postoperative CT at each sector increased significantly at 1 week's follow-up, compared to preoperative measures (all P < 0.05). Postoperative CPA at subfoveal, superior, inferior, and nasal sectors also increased significantly 1 week after PSR surgery (all P < 0.05). Moreover, the increased CT, CPA, and CCPA remain after PSR surgery at 1 month's follow-up, but the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusions: We demonstrated that the CT and choroidal blood flow increased significantly in patients with high myopia who underwent PSR surgery in a short period of time. In addition, the CT and CPA were independently associated with MMD. However, whether the transient improvement of the choroidal circulation could prevent long-term progression of high myopia warrants further study in the future.

Sequential imaging of a case of choroidal osteoma using swept-source OCT and optical coherence tomography angiography: A 4-year follow-up study

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.4103/ijo.ijo_919_19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (12) ◽

pp. 2097

Author(s):

Sugaranjini Galiyugavaradhan ◽

ThirumaleshM Basavaraj

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence ◽

Swept Source ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Choroidal Osteoma ◽

Swept Source Oct

Current role of optical coherence tomography angiography: Expert panel discussion

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.4103/ijo.ijo_1048_18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 66 (12) ◽

pp. 1696 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vishali Gupta ◽

Aniruddha Agarwal ◽

DilrajS Grewal ◽

GlennJ Jaffe ◽

MichaelW Stewart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Expert Panel ◽

Panel Discussion ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Current Role

Characterizing Flow and Structure of Diabetic Retinal Neovascularization after Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: A Pilot Study

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2021/2942197 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Christof Haensli ◽

Katrin Fasler ◽

Daniel Barthelmes ◽

Sandrine A. Zweifel

Keyword(s):

Initial Treatment ◽

Measurement Method ◽

Case Series ◽

Retinal Neovascularization ◽

Flow Density ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

En Face

Background/Aims. This study evaluates changes of flow and structure of diabetic retinal neovascularization (NV) treated with intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). With OCTA, retinal blood vessels are visualized at high resolution to separately look at flow and structure information without the need for dye injection. We introduce a new measurement method including and combining information of flow and structure. Methods. Retrospective observational case series. Patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) were treated with intravitreal antiVEGF injections. Retinal NV were repeatedly imaged using swept-source OCTA (Zeiss PlexElite 9000) at baseline, after initial treatment block with 3-4 monthly injections, and during a follow-up period of up to 51 weeks. Change of size and flow density of the structural and angio area of NV was assessed. Results. Nine NV in eight eyes of five patients were analyzed with a median follow-up time of 45 weeks. After the initial treatment block, en face structural area regressed, 18.7% ± 39.0% (95% CI 44.2–6.8%, p = 0.26 ), and en face angio area regressed, 51.9% ± 29.5% (95% CI 32.6 to 71.2%, p = 0.007 ). Flow density within the en face structural area decreased by 33% ± 19.2% (95% CI 20.5–45.5%, p = 0.0077 ). Flow density within the en face angio area decreased by mean 17.9% ± 25.2% (95% CI 1.4–34.4%, p = 0.066 ). In two fellow eyes, NV recurrence could be observed before the onset of vitreous bleeding in one. Conclusion. Our study introduces a new quantitative measurement for NV in PDR, combining structure and flow measurement. The structure area remained after treatment, while its flow density and angio area regressed. We propose this measurement method as a more physiological and possibly more comparable metrics.

Assessment of choriocapillary blood flow changes in response to half-dose photodynamic therapy in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy using optical coherence tomography angiography

10.21203/rs.2.18778/v6 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Juejun Liu ◽

Changzheng Chen ◽

Lu Li ◽

Yishuang Xu ◽

Zuohuizi Yi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽

Half Dose ◽

Flow Changes

Abstract Background: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a newly developed imaging quantitative technique for analysis of choriocapillaris (CC) flow changes, thereby exploring the pathological mechanism of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CCSC) and the therapeutic effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this study, we sought to quantify the blood flow changes in CC of CCSC patients receiving half-dose PDT using OCTA.Methods: A total of 28 affected eyes and 24 unaffected eyes of 26 CCSC patients receiving half-dose PDT, and 40 eyes of 20 healthy gender- and age-matched subjects were retrospectively enrolled in this study. The proportion of total areas of flow signal voids (FSV, %) in CC level of OCTA was assessed in both eyes of the CCSC patients at baseline and repeated in multiple sections at 1-week, 1-month, 3-month and 6-month intervals after PDT. In addition, the CC patterns in response to PDT at early stage and the subsequent morphologic changes were qualitatively documented using OCTA.Results: For affected eyes, FSV at 6-m follow-up was significantly lower than that at 1-m follow-up (p=0.036). When compared to normal control eyes, FSV in affected eyes was significantly higher at 1-m, 3-m and 6-m follow-up (p<0.05 for all), and FSV in unaffected eyes was significantly higher at baseline, 1-w, 1-m and 3-m follow-up (p<0.05 for all). Three CC patterns of early response to PDT were identified, including signs of recovery with more even flow signals, transient appearance of worse ischemia and secondary neovascularization within CC level.Conclusion: Abnormal CC flow attenuation remains in completely resolved eyes of CCSC patients treated with half-dose PDT.