scholarly journals Relationship between Vitamin A Deficiency and Pneumonia Incidence of Children Under Five Years of Age in West Java

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Gultom ◽  
◽  
Ririn Arminsih Wulandari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
West Java ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT Background: The leading cause of mortality in children under five years of age is acute lower respiratory tract infections, especially bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Vitamin A supplement has been studied as a potential intervention to decrease severity and prevent acute lower respiratory tract infections from subsequent episodes. This study aimed to determine the relationship between vitamin A deficiency and pneumonia incidence of children under five years of age in West Java. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the secondary data from Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey, 2017 in West Java. A sample of 594 toddlers under 5 years of age was obtained for this study. The dependent variable was pneumonia. The independent variable was vitamin A intake. The data were collected using questionnaires. The data were analyzed by chi-square. Results: As many as 38.6% children under five years of age did not get vitamin A supplement. 26.8% of children suffered pneumonia. Inadequate vitamin A intake increased the risk of pneumonia in children under five years of age (OR= 1.011, 95% CI 0.690 to 1.481; p= 1.000). Conclusion: Inadequate vitamin A intake increases the risk of pneumonia in children under five years of age, but it is not statistically significant. Keywords: vitamin A deficiency, pneumonia, prevention, under five years of age, children Correspondence: Magdalena Gultom. Masters Program in Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6281299714873. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.72

scholarly journals The burden and etiology of lower respiratory tract infections in children under five years of age in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 603-614
Author(s):  
Vincentia Rizke Ciptaningtyas ◽  
Quirijn De Mast ◽  
Marinus Isaäk De Jonge
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are a substantial threat for children worldwide. Currently, there is a lack of knowledge about the burden and etiology of LRTI in children under five years of age in Indonesia. Methodology: We have systematically searched the available English and Indonesian scientific literature to review and summarize data on LRTI and LRTI-associated invasive disease, and bacterial carriage in the upper respiratory tract in children under five years of age in Indonesia. Results: Overall, data on the burden and etiology of LRTI in children under five years of age in Indonesia is very limited. The data are primarily collected in Java. Data from other parts of Indonesia, including Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi, are scarce. The case fatality rate (CFR) of LRTI in children under five years of age in Indonesia was 0.11%. Influenza was the most commonly reported viral etiological agent of LRTI in children under five years of age in Indonesia. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most frequently reported bacterial agent of LRTI. Streptococcus pneumoniae showed the highest carriage rates. Conclusions: Surveillance and diagnostic studies are urgently needed and should be conducted in different parts of Indonesia to improve insight in the burden and etiology of LRTI in Indonesia. These data are pivotal to increase the effectiveness of public health strategies, including vaccination and prevention of antimicrobial resistance.

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