Cu AND Pb CONCENTRATIONS IN WATER COLUMN AND PLANKTON OF DOWNSTREAM SECTION OF THE MUSI RIVER

A wide range of the Musi river usage such as agricultural, forestry, industry, residential, fishing and transport activities has created a heavy metal pollution isues. This research aims to know the concentration of Cu and Pb in the water column (suspended and dissolved) and also on planktons found at downstream of Musi River. Water and plankton sampling was carried out in January and May 2015 across five research stations. Cu and Pb in water and plankton samples were analyzed using the USEPA 30050B method determined by using AAS SpektrAA plus variant with air mixure flame – acetylene. The average concentration of dissolved Cu and Pb were varied from 0.003-0.005 mgL-1and 0.002-0.004 mgL-1, respectively. A higher value was observed during the suspended phase which came to around 8.60-31.79 mgKg-1 for Cu dan 21.23-61.5 mgKg-1 for Pb. Furthermore, Cu and Pb concentration in plankton were varied from 1.046-2.430 mgKg-1 and 0.673-1.283 mgKg-1, respectively.

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Tolerance of Microorganisms to Heavy Metals

Recent Advancements in Bioremediation of Metal Contaminants - Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-4888-2.ch002 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 19-35

Author(s):

Joan Mwihaki Nyika

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Metal Toxicity ◽

Environmental Concern ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Wide Range ◽

Bioremediation Processes

Heavy metal pollution is a growing environmental concern due to the increase in anthropogenic-based sources. Microorganisms have high adsorptive capacities and surface-area-to-volume ratio that enable the uptake of these contaminants and their conversion to innocuous complexes in the process of bioremediation. This chapter explores the mechanisms and specific microorganisms that are resistant to metal toxicity. A wide range of bacterial, algae, and fungal species used as biosorbents are highlighted. Mechanisms such as reduction of metal cations, their sequestration, and binding on cell barriers are discussed. To optimise the efficacy of microorganisms in bioremediation processes, adoption of genetic and nano-technologies is recommended.

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Comprehensive Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution of Urban Surface Soils in Qingdao, China

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.1881 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 518-523 ◽

pp. 1881-1884

Author(s):

Jin Feng Wang ◽

Wen Bin Zhao ◽

Xiang Lan Liu ◽

Shou Yong Zhang

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Longitudinal Axis ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Horizontal Axis ◽

Natural Background ◽

Functional Zones

Soil samples of 0-5cm from 18 sampling sites including different functional zones of Qingdao, China were collected and analyzed. The results showed the average concentration of Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni in soil were up to 55.96,174.37,57.89, and 31.16mg/kg respectively, which were much higher than their natural background values. The average Igeo values were in the increasing order of Ni(0.638) <Pb(1.428)<Cu(1.458)< Zn(3.03). Zn was high contamination, while Pb,Cu were moderated contamination. By hierarchical cluster, eighteen plots could be divided into five groups.(a)(A3,C1),(C4,C5,E1);(b)(B2,E2),(D3,D2);(c)(D1,D4,A2),(A1,C6); (d) (A2,C2),B1; (e)C3; The MDS analysis showed some rules in the graph. From top to bottom of longitudinal axis means low contents to high contents of Cu,Pb. From left to right of horizontal axis means low contents to high contents of Zn. Along the oblique axis, the values of Igeo were from high to low.

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Evaluating ecological risks and tracking potential factors influencing heavy metals in sediments in an urban river

10.21203/rs.3.rs-127445/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dongping Liu ◽

Huibin Yu ◽

Hongjie Gao ◽

Weining Xu

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Urban River ◽

Ecological Risks ◽

Background Values ◽

Potential Factors

Abstract Background Heavy metal pollution of aquatic systems is a global issue that has received considerable attention. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and potential ecological risk index (PERI) have been applied to heavy metal data to trace potential factors, identify regional differences, and evaluate ecological risks. Sediment cores of 200 cm in length were taken using a drilling platform at 10 sampling sites along the Xihe River, an urban river located in western Shenyang City, China, divided into 10 layers (20 cm each). The concentrations of the As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn were measured for each layer. Eight heavy metals, namely Pb, Zn, Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Hg, were measured for each layer in this study. Results The average concentrations of the As, Cd, Cu, Hg, and Zn were significantly higher than their background values in soils in the region, and mainly gathered at 0–120 cm in depth in the upstream, 0–60 cm in the midstream, and 0–20 cm downstream. This indicated that these heavy metals were derived from the upstream areas where a large quantity of effluents from the wastewater treatment plants enter the river. Ni, Pb, and Cr were close or slightly higher than their background values. The decreasing order of the average concentration of the Cd was upstream > midstream > downstream, so were the Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn. The trend of the average concentration of the As was different to the Cd; being highest midstream, followed by upstream and then downstream. The potential factors of heavy metal pollution were Cd, Cu, Hg, Zn, and As concentrations, especially Cd and Hg, whose ecological risks were much higher than those of Ni, Cr, and Pb. The ecological risk levels of all heavy metals were much higher upstream than midstream and downstream. Conclusions Industrial discharge was the dominate source for eight heavy metals in the surveyed area, and rural domestic sewage has a stronger influence on the Hg pollution than industrial pollutants. These findings indicate that effective management strategies should be developed to protect the environmental quality of urban rivers.

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Heavy metal pollution load in sediment samples of the Buriganga river in Bangladesh

Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University ◽

10.3329/jbau.v13i2.28784 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 229-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

KM Mohiuddin ◽

MM Alam ◽

Istiaq Ahmed ◽

AK Chowdhury

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Sediment Quality ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Geochemical Background ◽

Pollution Load ◽

Sediment Samples ◽

The Mean ◽

Buriganga River

A study was conducted to assess the level of Cr, Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn contamination in the sediment samples of the Buriganga river, at the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Total 14 sediment samples were collected from different areas of upstream of the Buriganga river. The mean concentrations of total Cr, Pb, Cd, Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn in the sediment samples were 173.4, 31.4, 1.5, 153.3, 481.8, 344.2, 12989 and 4036 ?g g-1, respectively. The range of pH and EC of sediment were 5.87-8.21 and 230-707 ?S cm-1, respectively. The mean value of organic matter in sediment samples was 13.4%. Heavy metal concentrations in sediment were compared with geochemical background and standard values, previous report on the Buriganga river and other rivers in Bangladesh. The average concentration of Cr, Pb and Ni in sediments of the Buriganga river is almost twice of the geochemical background i.e. average worldwide shale standard and continental upper crust value, Cd and Zn is about five times and Cu content is about ten times higher than the geochemical background values. Average concentration of Cr, Cu and Ni exceeded the severe effect level (SEL) values, where as Pb, Cd and Zn exceeded toxicity reference values (TRV). However, the concentration of heavy metal in the sediment samples of the Buriganga river for the year 2009 of the same river reported by corresponding author was relatively higher than this study average. The average Enrichment factors (EFc) for Zn, Cu, Mn and Cd reflects extremely contaminated pollution level which implies that these metals originated from point source of pollution and very severely enriched in river sediments. The pollution load index (PLI) of sediments of the studied region varied from 1.61-7.51. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) for Cu of five locations was greater than 3.0, which exhibited strongly polluted sediment quality. The Igeo for Mn in 11 locations and Zn in 12 sites were greater than 1.0, indicated moderately polluted sediment quality. Heavy metal pollution intensity in the Buriganga river water and sediments signaled alarming condition for city dwellers and aquatic ecosystem of the river. Sustainable steps and continuous monitoring on pollution prevention and cleanup operation is suggested to minimize pollution.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(2): 229-238, December 2015

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Heavy metal accumulation in marine fishes in Porirua Harbour

10.26686/wgtn.17136509.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Liana Cook-Auckram

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Metal Accumulation ◽

Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽

Fish Size ◽

Benthic Fishes ◽

Near Term ◽

Pb Concentration

<p>Heavy metal or metalloids are common pollutants that are discharged into the aquatic environment by a variety of natural and anthropogenic sources, and have the ability to bio- accumulate in the tissues of marine organisms. Fish are among the top consumers in aquatic ecosystems and are widely recognised as bio-indicators for heavy metal pollution. Accumulation of heavy metals is influenced by factors such as species, age, size, and trophic level and can be found in various tissue types, such as muscle and liver tissue. In addition, contaminated fish can pose a threat to human consumers as they can cause acute and chronic disorders. Estuaries are particularly vulnerable to heavy metal pollution as they are as they are a direct recipient of raw sewage, industrial, residential and farming runoff. Estuaries provide essential habitat for a range of species, including fishes that occupy estuaries permanently or seasonally for breeding. Te Awarua-o-Porirua Harbour (Porirua Harbour) is the largest, and the most significant estuary in the southern North Island of New Zealand. It is a 807 hectare tidal lagoon estuary next to Porirua City and consists of two distinct estuary arms, Onepoto and Pauatahanui. Porirua Harbour once boasted a healthy and diverse ecosystem that supported fishes that are prized by the Ngati Toa as kaimoana. However, heavy metal contamination has become problematic following the introduction of intensive industry and development in the harbour catchment. The aim of this research was to 1) quantify levels of four heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, and Hg) in the tissue (muscle and liver) of yellow belly flounder (Pātiki, tōtara, Rhombosolea leporina), sand flounder (Pātiki, Rhombosolea plebeia), speckled sole (Peltorhamphus latus), rig shark (Pioke, Makō, Mangō, Mustelus lenticulatus), short-tailed stingray (Whai, Dasyatis brevicaudata), and eagle ray (Whai keo, Myliobatis tenuicaudatus) caught in Porirua Harbour, and look for differences between sexes, tissue types, as well as effects of size and age, 2) examine each fish sampled for general metrics of health (parasite load, skin lesions, etc.) as well as diet, and look for relationships with body burdens of metals, 3) examine maternal offloading of heavy metals from pregnant rig shark to near-term embryos, 4) examine the movement of benthic fishes between the two estuary arms using mark/recapture methods. To assess heavy metal accumulation and movement in benthic fishes, fish were collected and/or tagged over a 4-month period in 2018 (March-August) across 8 sites in Porirua Harbour. Tagged fish were unable to be recovered so conclusions were left undetermined. Overall, liver tissue had the highest levels of heavy metal concentration, with the expectation of Hg being elevated in the muscle tissue of rig shark. There were significant differences observed for species, fish size, with smaller fishes having higher Cu concentration, and larger fish having higher Hg concentrations. There was little to no relationship observed between Zn and Pb concentrations in this study. To investigate the role of maternal offloading of heavy metals from maternal rig shark to their near-term embryos, embryos were collected from the uterus of 13 pregnant females and assessed individually for heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg) concentrations in muscle tissue. Overall, there was no relationship for Cu between the amount in embryos and either the maternal concentration or size. However, Zn and Pb concentration in rig shark embryos were positively related with maternal size. Therefore, size explained embryo Zn and Pb concentration in rig shark embryos, and embryo Hg concentrations were explained by maternal concentrations and size, suggesting maternal offloading of Hg might be occurring in rig shark. The results of this thesis support prior research findings of heavy metal accumulation depending primarily on the tissue type, fish size and is metal and species specific. This research adds to the currently lacking information on heavy metal accumulation in these study species, and will aid the ongoing monitoring of Porirua Harbour by Greater Wellington Regional Council and Porirua City Council.</p>

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Study on Speciation Analysis and Bioavailability of Cr in Soil by Fixatives

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.260-261.998 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 260-261 ◽

pp. 998-1002

Author(s):

Xin Ke ◽

Ying Sun ◽

Yun Zhang

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Ion Exchange ◽

Food Chain ◽

Contaminated Soil ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Speciation Analysis ◽

Agricultural Product ◽

Wide Range ◽

Before And After

By the leaching experiment of soil column, e researched speciation analysis and bioavailability of Cr in soil before and after fixing. The contents of Cr in fixed soil including exchangeable chromium, carbonate bound chromium, iron manganese oxide bound chromium, organic matter bound chromium, all lower than the soil before fixing, but residues chromium is higher than the soil before fixing. There is obvious difference bioavailability in soil before and after fixing. Soil heavy metal pollution which brings a threat to agricultural product quality could cause surface water and groundwater contamination, and cause the food chain poisoning[1-2]. Compared with the organic pollutants, heavy metal pollutants does not produce decoration in environmental media, through the soil-plant system enter the food chain therefore affecting the safety of agricultural produces and harm to human health. Therefore, it is essential to begin management of the heavy metal contaminated soil. Currently，heavy metal pollution mainly come from the following fields: chromium compounds used as electroplating, leather tanning, pigments, paints, alloys, dyeing and printing, offset printing. Cr contaminated soil repair method include: biology, agricultural engineering, physico-chemical treatment. By max fixatives into the soil adjusted or changed physical and chemical properties of Cr and produce precipitation adsorption ion-exchange humification and oxidation-reduction series reaction ,situ stabilization is one of treatment methods for physical-chemical, consequently reducing mobility and bioavailability in the soil environment , thereby decreasing the toxicity hazards of Cr elements on plants and animals[5]. Since the 1950s, zeolites have a wide range of applications in various fields. Zeolite is a frame-like structure, moisture content of aluminum silicate minerals, with a porous structure, adsorption and ion exchange[6]. In this paper, not only curing effect of fixatives on the metal has been emphasized, but also fixative for friend of environment has been taken into consideration. Natural Zeolite magnesium oxide and FeSO4 have been chosen as fixative and leaching solvent select demonized water. Provide some theoretical basis and technical support for farmland Cr contaminated soil immobilized system.

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Heavy metal accumulation in marine fishes in Porirua Harbour

10.26686/wgtn.17136509 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Liana Cook-Auckram

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Metal Accumulation ◽

Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽

Fish Size ◽

Benthic Fishes ◽

Near Term ◽

Pb Concentration

<p>Heavy metal or metalloids are common pollutants that are discharged into the aquatic environment by a variety of natural and anthropogenic sources, and have the ability to bio- accumulate in the tissues of marine organisms. Fish are among the top consumers in aquatic ecosystems and are widely recognised as bio-indicators for heavy metal pollution. Accumulation of heavy metals is influenced by factors such as species, age, size, and trophic level and can be found in various tissue types, such as muscle and liver tissue. In addition, contaminated fish can pose a threat to human consumers as they can cause acute and chronic disorders. Estuaries are particularly vulnerable to heavy metal pollution as they are as they are a direct recipient of raw sewage, industrial, residential and farming runoff. Estuaries provide essential habitat for a range of species, including fishes that occupy estuaries permanently or seasonally for breeding. Te Awarua-o-Porirua Harbour (Porirua Harbour) is the largest, and the most significant estuary in the southern North Island of New Zealand. It is a 807 hectare tidal lagoon estuary next to Porirua City and consists of two distinct estuary arms, Onepoto and Pauatahanui. Porirua Harbour once boasted a healthy and diverse ecosystem that supported fishes that are prized by the Ngati Toa as kaimoana. However, heavy metal contamination has become problematic following the introduction of intensive industry and development in the harbour catchment. The aim of this research was to 1) quantify levels of four heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, and Hg) in the tissue (muscle and liver) of yellow belly flounder (Pātiki, tōtara, Rhombosolea leporina), sand flounder (Pātiki, Rhombosolea plebeia), speckled sole (Peltorhamphus latus), rig shark (Pioke, Makō, Mangō, Mustelus lenticulatus), short-tailed stingray (Whai, Dasyatis brevicaudata), and eagle ray (Whai keo, Myliobatis tenuicaudatus) caught in Porirua Harbour, and look for differences between sexes, tissue types, as well as effects of size and age, 2) examine each fish sampled for general metrics of health (parasite load, skin lesions, etc.) as well as diet, and look for relationships with body burdens of metals, 3) examine maternal offloading of heavy metals from pregnant rig shark to near-term embryos, 4) examine the movement of benthic fishes between the two estuary arms using mark/recapture methods. To assess heavy metal accumulation and movement in benthic fishes, fish were collected and/or tagged over a 4-month period in 2018 (March-August) across 8 sites in Porirua Harbour. Tagged fish were unable to be recovered so conclusions were left undetermined. Overall, liver tissue had the highest levels of heavy metal concentration, with the expectation of Hg being elevated in the muscle tissue of rig shark. There were significant differences observed for species, fish size, with smaller fishes having higher Cu concentration, and larger fish having higher Hg concentrations. There was little to no relationship observed between Zn and Pb concentrations in this study. To investigate the role of maternal offloading of heavy metals from maternal rig shark to their near-term embryos, embryos were collected from the uterus of 13 pregnant females and assessed individually for heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg) concentrations in muscle tissue. Overall, there was no relationship for Cu between the amount in embryos and either the maternal concentration or size. However, Zn and Pb concentration in rig shark embryos were positively related with maternal size. Therefore, size explained embryo Zn and Pb concentration in rig shark embryos, and embryo Hg concentrations were explained by maternal concentrations and size, suggesting maternal offloading of Hg might be occurring in rig shark. The results of this thesis support prior research findings of heavy metal accumulation depending primarily on the tissue type, fish size and is metal and species specific. This research adds to the currently lacking information on heavy metal accumulation in these study species, and will aid the ongoing monitoring of Porirua Harbour by Greater Wellington Regional Council and Porirua City Council.</p>

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Assessing Heavy Metal Pollution in Soils of Damietta Governorate, Egypt

International Conference on Advances in Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Sciences (AABES-2014) Oct 15-16, 2014 Dubai (UAE) ◽

10.15242/iicbe.c1014136 ◽

2014 ◽

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution

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Statistical Analsysis to Evaluate Heavy Metal Pollution in the Air Obatained by Moss Technique in Hanoi and its Surrounding Region

Communications in Physics ◽

10.15625/0868-3166/29/3si/14336 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (3SI) ◽

pp. 411

Author(s):

N. H. Quyet ◽

Le Hong Khiem ◽

V. D. Quan ◽

T. T. T. My ◽

M. V. Frontasieva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Principal Component ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Five Factors ◽

Heavy Metal Elements ◽

Surrounding Areas ◽

Potential Pollution

The aim of this paper was the application of statistical analysis including principal component analysis to evaluate heavy metal pollution obtained by moss technique in the air of Ha Noi and its surrounding areas and to evaluate potential pollution sources. The concentrations of 33 heavy metal elements in 27 samples of Barbula Indica moss in the investigated region collected in December of 2016 in the investigated area have been examined using multivariate statistical analysis. Five factors explaining 80% of the total variance were identified and their potential sources have been discussed.

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