scholarly journals A TRIGA-like subcritical concept for biological waste management (pills, old vaccines etc.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Depleted Uranium ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Pressure Work ◽  
Single Room

This subcritical concept is framed in a way that allows use in a single room for some electricity production purposes. It involves a tungsten casing and also helps using depleted uranium dust. The single series of anneals for closure and direct laying of the top opening window onto the left side of the tungsten casing make pressure work impossible ; it also allows for a relatively cheap production.

scholarly journals Waste management in the Irkutsk Region, Siberia, Russia: Environmental assessment of current practice focusing on landfilling

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlada Starostina ◽  
Anders Damgaard ◽  
Helmut Rechberger ◽  
Thomas H Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Waste Management System ◽  
Leachate Collection ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Biogenic Carbon

The municipal waste management system of the region of Irkutsk is described and a life cycle assessment (LCA) performed to assess the environmental performance of the system. Annually about 500 000 tons of waste are managed. The waste originates from three sources: household waste (27%), commercial waste (23%) and office & institutional waste (44%). Other waste of unknown composition constitutes 6%. Only 3% of the waste is recycled; 97% of the municipal waste is disposed of at the old Alexandrovsky landfill. The environmental impact from the current system is dominated by the landfill, which has no gas or leachate collection system. The global warming contribution is due to the emission of methane of the order of 420 000 tons CO2-equivalents per year. Collection and transport of the waste are insignificant compared with impacts from the landfill. As the old landfill runs out of capacity in a few years, the LCA modelling showed that introduction of a new and modern landfill with gas and leachate collection could improve the performance of the waste management system significantly. Collection of landfill gas and utilization for 30 years for electricity production (gas turbine) would reduce the global warming completely and result in a net saving of 100 000 CO2-equivalents per year due to storage of biogenic carbon in the landfill beyond 100 years. Considering other first-order degradation rates for the landfilled organic matter did not overtly affect the results, while assumptions about the top cover oxidation of methane significantly affected the results. This shows the importance of controlling the gas escape from the landfill.

Externalities and Internalisation of Radioactive Waste Producing Activities: The Analogy With Environmental Practices

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre L. Kunsch
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Radioactive Waste Management ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Polluter Pays Principle

Abstract All human activities generate negative externalities, in particular the use of radioactive material for electricity production and radioisotope applications. Both activities produce radioactive waste, which can, therefore, be considered as being specific externalities. The purpose of the paper is to investigate these externalities and to identify appropriate internalisation instruments. Analogue cases in environmental management are discussed. In general the nuclear externalities are not internalised in the management costs charged by Radioactive Waste agencies (RAWA). The paper explores the possibility of having an internalisation of all costs as requested by the strict application of the Polluter Pays Principle. In the case of electricity production a comparison is made between the externalities attributed to nuclear waste and those in relation with CO2-emissions from the combustion of fossil fuel. A brief overview is given on the evaluation approach in ExternE (“Externalities of Energy”). The evaluations are the basis for the design of a carbon tax applicable to fossil fuels for reducing CO2-emissions. A similar tax could be charged on radioactive waste management. Beyond the internalisation objective, the tax proceeds could finance the technological R&D for improving the conditions of storage and disposal, and provide compensations to local residents in the vicinity of nuclear waste management facilities. The management of spent radioisotope equipment in medicine, research, or industry is shown to have similar features to the management of packages, spent electrical appliances, and the disposal of batteries. In general the price of management of the spent material is not included in the purchase price. In case of spent radioisotope equipment, the externality mainly represents the risk of this material becoming a hazard for the public health. It is recommended to internalise the full costs of management to eliminate this risk. Moreover spent material should be registered and RAWA should maintain detailed inventories on their national territories. In order to induce the free return of spent material to the RAWA, deposit refund systems could be set in place as in the package or battery market. A surcharge is paid by purchase, which is refunded to the buyers when they return the product for recycling or proper disposal. The paper concludes by describing lessons and possible implications of the previously discussed environmental tax or surcharge systems on the way the Polluter-Pays Principle is applied in radioactive waste management.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF DEPLETED URANIUM AS A PROTECTIVE MATERIAL FOR RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Сергій Володимирович Купріянчук ◽  
Євгеній Анатолійович Меншенін ◽  
Тетяна Олександрівна Шаблій
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Depleted Uranium ◽  
Radioactive Waste Management ◽  
Protective Material

First Core and Refueling Options for IRIS

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan Petrovic ◽  
Mario D. Carelli ◽  
Ehud Greenspan ◽  
Miodrag Milosˇevic ◽  
Jasmina Vujic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Assembly Design ◽  
Electricity Production Cost ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Fuel Technology

The International Reactor Innovative and Secure (IRIS) is being developed by an international consortium of industry, laboratory, university and utility establishments, led by Westinghouse. The IRIS design addresses key requirements associated with advanced reactors, including improved safety, enhanced proliferation resistance, competitive electricity production cost, and improved waste management. IRIS is a modular, small/medium size (100 to 335 MWe) PWR with integral vessel configuration. Its design is based on proven LWR technology, so that no new technology development is needed and near term deployment is possible. At the same time, aim was to introduce improvements as compared to present PWRs. These opposing requirements resulted in an evolutionary approach to fuel and core design, balancing new features and the need to avoid extensive testing and demonstration programs. A path forward was devised by selecting the current fuel technology for the first IRIS core, but keeping future upgrades possible through the variable moderation fuel assembly design. This paper describes this approach and discusses core fueling options that enable achieving four-year and eight-year core lifetime.

scholarly journals Development of recycling infrastructure in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Lesia Kostiuchenko ◽  
Volodymyr Marchuk ◽  
Oleg Harmash
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Recycling Industry

Today, household waste occupies a large area of legal and illegal landfills, and existing recycling plants are not operating at full capacity due to lack of recyclables. Responsible waste management is a key issue for the entire recycling industry in Ukraine. The study of trends in the development of solid waste recycling infrastructure in developed countries is the basis for the formation of its own recycling system in Ukraine. This explains the fact that in a difficult environmental situation on a global scale, the issue of recycling is gaining priority today. Modern enterprises that provide services for the removal of household waste, their sorting and further processing today especially need the participation of the state to create market conditions for the development of a competitive environment. After all, in addition to the processing of waste into secondary raw materials, biogas extraction systems are installed at landfills in Ukraine and installations for electricity production are operated. So in parallel with solving the problem of pollution, we have an additional source of alternative energy. At the legislative level, the executive bodies of village, settlement and city councils have the right to address the issues of collection, transportation, utilization and disposal of household waste, setting tariffs for the service of household waste management, organization of separate collection of useful components of this waste. In order to create a proper system and build infrastructure for efficient waste management, it is important to unite local communities. In addition, it is critical to apply a systematic approach to the organization of the execution chain of all stages of recycling by forming the interaction of all infrastructure elements.

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