Modeling daily dynamics of speed and fuel consumption for urban delivery means

Road transport is one of the most important elements of the functioning of a modern city. Maneuverability, mobility, speed of delivery of goods and other criteria have provided him with a special and leading place in urban logistics. However, along with the benefits of a developed transport network for society, its progress is accompanied by negative consequences for the environment and the population of the city. High rates of growth in the number of cars, especially in large cities, cause an increase in emissions of harmful products into the atmosphere, which, accordingly, negatively affects the health of the population. Consequently, the problem of environmental pollution in large cities from harmful emissions from vehicles requires an urgent solution. The increase in emissions of harmful substances is affected by an increase in the consumption of fuel materials due to a decrease in speed because of an increase in traffic density in the city. The frequency, duration, prevalence of congestion is increasing along with the urbanization of the population and the increase in the number of cars in cities. The dense development of the central historical districts of the city exacerbates the problem of unhindered passage of individual, public and freight vehicles. In addition, a decrease in the speed of city traffic affects the speed of delivery of goods, correspondence, etc., which negatively affects the speed of business processes, and ultimately worsens the level of logistics services for customers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current situation in terms of the dynamics of the average speed of the city's traffic flow by hours of the day and to obtain a mathematical model of the dependence of the speed of movement on the consumption of fuel materials for various environmentally friendly means of urban delivery (car, motorcycle, bicycle and pedestrian courier). The research was carried out in two stages. At the first, the study of the dependence of the average speed of movement in the city on the time of day (for all means of city delivery) was carried out. At the second stage, the study of the dependence of the average consumption of fuel materials in the city (which, accordingly, is a function of the speed of movement) on the time of day for motorized urban delivery vehicles was done. In the course of the study, at each stage, an equation of the trend lines was obtained with a sufficient approximation accuracy. In conclusion, the study proposes an algorithm for determining the average speed and average amount of fuel consumption when delivering small consignments in an urban environment using four urban logistics means - a car, a motorcycle, a bicycle, and a pedestrian courier (with the possibility of using public transport). The proposed algorithm can be applied in any delivery conditions in the city.

Institutional Measures of Air Transport Safety Strategic Management at the Level of State Regulation

World leaders gathered at the United Nations (UN) and adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It is a plan of action aimed at achieving global sustainable development in economic, social and environmental areas, which ensures that no UN member state is left behind. The 17 sustainable development goals on the 2030 Agenda can be used as benchmarks for the coordinated development of UN member states. Aviation safety is an important component of the concept of general national security, the system of personal security, ecological and public safety and transport safety from external and internal threats. Maintaining an acceptable level of national aviation safety is a priority for the industry. The aviation transport is a part of the transport complex of Ukraine, which is an important component in the structure of the national economy and a link between all components of economic security to ensure the basic conditions of life and development of the state and society. The assessment of economic, technological, safety, social and ecological hazards is an integral part of all the logical blocks of the structural and functional scheme of strategic management of aviation safety in terms of sustainable development of the national economy. According to the concept of national aviation risk management developed by the authors, risk can be assessed as a mutual combination of hazarad, vulnerability and consequences. The application of this concept in relation to the air transport of Ukraine allowed to identify the main hazards, vulnerabilities, consequences and risks. The next step in the implementation of the concept is to develop institutional measures to neutralize threats in the field of aviation safety, which is actually a set of risk reduction measures for further sustainable development of the national economy. This article summarizes the hazards, vulnerabilities, consequences, risks, and institutional arrangements for strategic aviation safety management. Among the priority measures are: harmonization of national regulation of air transport with the requirements of global and regional levels, development of mechanisms for commercial protection of domestic air transport enterprises in the COVID-19 pandemic, implementation of strategic scenarios for sustainable development of air transport in Ukraine until 2030. The implementation of the proposed institutional measures will ensure an appropriate level of safety, efficiency and regularity of the national air transport of Ukraine.

Losses in Pharmaceutical Supply Chains: challenges in efficient vaccine distribution and utilization

The article is devoted to the research the problems that arise in pharmaceutical vaccine supply chains. Slow vaccination leads to global economic losses, and the lack of free access to vaccines in many developing countries is a problem not so much in the economic category as in the cost of human life category, which is confirmed by the research of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the United Nations (UN). Pharmaceutical vaccine supply chains are subject to special organization and flow management requirements to avoid waste. In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, bottlenecks inevitably arise that lead to economic, social, human losses, potential and real losses of vaccines and an increasing pressure on reverse logistics. The main bottlenecks at each stage of the supply chain have been identified, which indicate a shift in the main problems in the pharmaceutical supply chain to the distribution and last mile logistics. A detailed analysis of the vaccine distribution system in the city of Kiev was carried out with the help of sites that cover information on used vaccines and losses based on the types of vaccination points of different forms of ownership. Vaccination sites were ranked according to the degree of effective use of vaccines. As a result, the problems of insufficient information support of the vaccination campaign by government agencies were identified, which leads to the loss of vaccines. The role of the state in solving these problems was assumed by public organizations. To accomplish these tasks, an interactive vaccination map was launched, which makes it possible to find the nearest vaccination point, see how many vaccinations were given in a particular medical institution and how many vaccine doses were potentially lost. For the study, empirical research, data analysis and synthesis, expert assessments and generalization methods were used. Calculated the amount of real and potential monetary losses from vaccines that have been disposed of. Recommendations on the use of innovative tools such as Blockchain to prevent potential and manage existing problems in pharmaceutical vaccine supply chains were provided.

The eventual model of the algorithm for designing the logistics system of a production enterprise

The logistics system is one of the most important subsystems of the production enterprise. This system is responsible for the timeliness and efficiency of logistics activities at the enterprise. Creating the logistics system for the company is based on solving a set of problems, where the development of an algorithm for its design is key one. The article proposes an eventual model of the algorithm for designing the logistics system of a production enterprise. The design algorithm was developed taking into account the activities of oil and fat industry enterprises. Structurally, the algorithm consists of three phases - the formation of an information array for the design of the logistics system, the design of the logistics system, the installation of the logistics system project at the enterprise. The optimal number of stages was substantiated for each design phase. According to the design stages, a list of works that must be performed in the process of project development and installation was described. Information on the time spent on each job at the stages of design and installation of the logistics system was provided. It is indicated that the development and installation of a logistics system at a manufacturing plant can take three to four months. The obtained research results are important for the top management of enterprises. They will allow to be guided in productivity of process of designing and installation of logistic systems. In the future, this will provide an opportunity to correctly draw up a logistics plan and adjust the development strategy of the enterprise. The material presented in the article is useful for researchers in terms of further consideration of improving existing or developing new algorithms and techniques for designing logistics systems of industrial enterprises.

Development of recycling infrastructure in Ukraine

Today, household waste occupies a large area of legal and illegal landfills, and existing recycling plants are not operating at full capacity due to lack of recyclables. Responsible waste management is a key issue for the entire recycling industry in Ukraine. The study of trends in the development of solid waste recycling infrastructure in developed countries is the basis for the formation of its own recycling system in Ukraine. This explains the fact that in a difficult environmental situation on a global scale, the issue of recycling is gaining priority today. Modern enterprises that provide services for the removal of household waste, their sorting and further processing today especially need the participation of the state to create market conditions for the development of a competitive environment. After all, in addition to the processing of waste into secondary raw materials, biogas extraction systems are installed at landfills in Ukraine and installations for electricity production are operated. So in parallel with solving the problem of pollution, we have an additional source of alternative energy. At the legislative level, the executive bodies of village, settlement and city councils have the right to address the issues of collection, transportation, utilization and disposal of household waste, setting tariffs for the service of household waste management, organization of separate collection of useful components of this waste. In order to create a proper system and build infrastructure for efficient waste management, it is important to unite local communities. In addition, it is critical to apply a systematic approach to the organization of the execution chain of all stages of recycling by forming the interaction of all infrastructure elements.

Analysis of professional requirements for a modern logistician

The article is devoted to the research of modern labour market requirements for experts in logistics. The reasons of logistics importance for the proper functioning of national and international economies were outlined. The list of requirements set by business representatives to successful candidates is summarized. The analysis of the job market was performed using topic-related websites that cover job markets in Ukraine, the United Kingdom of Great Britain, Austria, Slovakia and the Russian Federation. Empirical studies, data analysis and synthesis, expert assessments, and generalization methods were used to perform the scientific inquiry. The number of specific competencies mentions in the job ads analyses and the relative difference between studies’ indicators were counted. It was revealed that there is a great demand in almost all areas of the economy for logistics specialists. The tendency to find the personnel, who are willing to learn and improve on a continual basis, and can demonstrate a larger range of soft skills in addition to being an effective communicator, has been traced. Assumptions were made about possible changes in the requirements of employers to candidates, in connection with the presence of drivers of Industry 4.0 environment forming. Recommendations for further research of labour market requirements were provided.

Management of reverse logistics in the supply chain system

The article considers the issue of return flow management in supply chains. Recently, this problem has become particularly acute due to growing economic losses and social, economic and security threats, a sharp increase in the return of unused, substandard, end-of-life products, hazardous and hazardous waste, materials for recycling and regeneration. This link of business processes was not even distinguished in the structure of the supply chain before. Based on the analysis of the theory and practice of recycling, resource conservation, recycling and disposal, the authors concluded that it is necessary to form a closed supply chain with the participation of reversible flows and based on the concept of product life cycle. The example of Ukraine illustrates the current situation with the formation and accumulation and processing of waste production and life due to the actual lack of reverse logistics services. The paper develops a comprehensive scheme-structure of existing problems of reverse logistics and offers specific recommendations for solving problems of reverse logistics management in Ukraine. Each aspect of improving the management system considered from the standpoint of economic, social, environmental, technical and technological efficiency. Particular attention paid to the relevant educational work with the population on ways to implement the principles of reversible logistics, improving the culture of consumption together with the introduction of legal and social responsibility.

Strategic management of the enterprise in the conditions in the instability of the market environment

The article discusses the role of preventive anti-crisis management on the basis of comprehensive measures to overcome the crisis situations. The reasons and moments of crisis beginning are considered, and in case of objective impossibility to avoid entering the crisis period, the approaches to overcoming them are indicated. The basic concepts of anti-crisis management, preventive management and preventive anti-crisis management, which are effective tools for crisis management in the conditions of cyclical crisis phenomena, are defined. The main tasks of preventive anti-crisis management are revealed, and the estimation of probability of occurrence and analysis of consequences of influence of potential crisis phenomena and situations, at development of anti-crisis strategy, realization of action plans on crisis prevention is presented. The key areas of preventive management and the necessary tools for the implementation of anti-crisis measures at the enterprise are identified. The crisis warning functions that will be performed by the crisis prevention service are presented.

Polycentric management of the global supply chain integration

The impact of modern conditions of functioning of the world economic system on the processes of its globalization and global supply chains was examined in article. One of the main factors in intensifying the deepening of production and technological ties is recognized as logistics integration. It creates a new scheme for global supply chain management. It is based on the unity of the principles of hierarchy and heterarchy in the choice of forms and scope of integration. Logistics integration is seen as a process of organizing the interaction of cooperating entities in the chain, aimed at achieving the ultimate system goal. In-depth and situational adjustment of production and technological relations and joint use of resources and capital of enterprises in the logistics chain is realized either through their mergers and acquisitions or in other forms of virtual integration. The consequence of such integration is the formation of comprehensive logistics services with high added value. The author 's vision of building a heterarchical system of global supply chain management using the institutions of focus centers is presented. Basic recommendations for strategic and tactical planning of the chain's activities as a single integrated entity have been developed. Such a system provides self-organization of management and flexible dispersion of centers of general system management decisions according to the functions and competencies of specialized supply chain centers. Heterarchical self-organization of management operates on the terms of relations' equality, full openness and transparency between interacting entities, a single information environment and communication channels.

On the application of the concept of circular economy to ensure balanced sustainable development of the national logistics system in Ukraine

The evolution and preconditions of formation, challenges and factors for circular economy development are investigated in the article. Were analyzed and generalized the existing scientific approaches to the definition of "circular economy", which are conditionally systematized into 9 groups: section of economy, paradigm, strategy, model, system, ecological opportunity, recycling technology, tool of "green" economy, type of economic activity. It is proposed to consider the term "circular economy" from such aspects as: the modern paradigm of logistics systems’ development; sustainable development strategy; sustainable business model of the national economy; economic model based on industrial waste recycling technology; logistics flow management tool, which is based on an integrated approach (integration of system, process, situational, functional); activities aimed at implementing a closed cycle of logistics flows to increase the level of the national economy environmental security. Were was accomplished a statistical analysis of the national logistics system development in consideration of the environmental component. It was established that the "green" transformation of Ukrainian logistics system in a circular economy is not effective enough. This is due to the limited amount of funding for environmental protection and insufficient development of the industrial waste recycling system. These issues require the development of a set of appropriate institutional measures and the adoption of radical logistics decisions based on European best practices.