scholarly journals Fake News and Informing Science [Abstract]

10.28945/4259 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Seeking ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Societal Impact ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Conceptual Schemes ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Fact Checking ◽  
Long Term Impact

Aim/Purpose: The goal of the paper is to consider how the informing phenomenon referred to as “fake news” can be characterized using existing informing science conceptual schemes. Background: A brief review of articles relating to fake news is presented after which potential implications under a variety of informing science frameworks are considered. Methodology: Conceptual synthesis. Contribution: Informing science appears to offer a unique perspective on the fake news phenomenon. Findings: Many aspects of fake news seem consistent with complexity-based conceptual schemes in which its potential for establishing or reinforcing group membership outweighs its factual informing value. Recommendations for Practitioners: The analysis suggests that conventional approaches to combatting fake news, such as reliance on fact checking, may prove largely ineffective because they fail to address the underlying motivation for absorbing and creating fake news. Recommendations for Researchers: Acceptance of fake news may be framed as an element of a broader information seeking strategy independent of the message it conveys. Impact on Society: The societal impact of believing of fake news may prove to be less important than its long term impact on the perceived reliability of informing channels. Future Research: A broad array of research questions warranting further investigation are posed.

scholarly journals Dictators and Their Subjects: Authoritarian Attitudinal Effects and Legacies

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1839-1860
Author(s):  
Anja Neundorf ◽  
Grigore Pop-Eleches
Keyword(s):  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Driving Mechanisms ◽  
Attitudinal Effects ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
New Framework

This introductory essay outlines the key themes of the special issue on the long-term impact of autocracies on the political attitudes and behavior of their subjects. Here, we highlight several important areas of theoretical and empirical refinements, which can provide a more nuanced picture of the process through which authoritarian attitudinal legacies emerge and persist. First, we define the nature of attitudinal legacies and their driving mechanisms, developing a framework of competing socialization. Second, we use the competing socialization framework to explain two potential sources of heterogeneity in attitudinal and behavioral legacies: varieties of institutional features of authoritarian regimes, which affect the nature of regime socialization efforts; and variations across different subgroups of (post-)authoritarian citizens, which reflect the nature and strength of alternative socialization efforts. This new framework can help us to better understand contradictory findings in this emerging literature as well as set a new agenda for future research.

scholarly journals Endomicroscopy of the Pancreaticobiliary System

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shajan Peter ◽  
Ji Young Bang ◽  
Klaus Mönkemuller ◽  
Shyam Varardarajulu ◽  
C. Mel Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Improved Accuracy ◽  
Precise Interpretation

It is often difficult to accurately differentiate between benign and malignant pancreaticobiliary strictures, and some are interpreted as indeterminate despite ERCP, EUS, or radiological imaging techniques, thereby making it difficult for the clinician to make appropriate management decisions. Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) is an innovative imaging tool integrating real-time in vivo imaging of these difficult-to-interpret strictures in the pancreaticobiliary system during endoscopy. Recent studies of endomicroscopy have shown a promising role with improved accuracy in distinguishing these lesions, thus paving the way for future research addressing improving precise interpretation, training, and long long-term impact.

scholarly journals From the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm to a Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz

Algorithms ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Hadfield ◽  
Zhihui Wang ◽  
Bryan O'Gorman ◽  
Eleanor Rieffel ◽  
Davide Venturelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Approximate Optimization ◽  
Hard Constraints ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
Universal Quantum ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Families Of Operators ◽  
Sampling Problems

The next few years will be exciting as prototype universal quantum processors emerge, enabling the implementation of a wider variety of algorithms. Of particular interest are quantum heuristics, which require experimentation on quantum hardware for their evaluation and which have the potential to significantly expand the breadth of applications for which quantum computers have an established advantage. A leading candidate is Farhi et al.’s quantum approximate optimization algorithm, which alternates between applying a cost function based Hamiltonian and a mixing Hamiltonian. Here, we extend this framework to allow alternation between more general families of operators. The essence of this extension, the quantum alternating operator ansatz, is the consideration of general parameterized families of unitaries rather than only those corresponding to the time evolution under a fixed local Hamiltonian for a time specified by the parameter. This ansatz supports the representation of a larger, and potentially more useful, set of states than the original formulation, with potential long-term impact on a broad array of application areas. For cases that call for mixing only within a desired subspace, refocusing on unitaries rather than Hamiltonians enables more efficiently implementable mixers than was possible in the original framework. Such mixers are particularly useful for optimization problems with hard constraints that must always be satisfied, defining a feasible subspace, and soft constraints whose violation we wish to minimize. More efficient implementation enables earlier experimental exploration of an alternating operator approach, in the spirit of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm, to a wide variety of approximate optimization, exact optimization, and sampling problems. In addition to introducing the quantum alternating operator ansatz, we lay out design criteria for mixing operators, detail mappings for eight problems, and provide a compendium with brief descriptions of mappings for a diverse array of problems.

Artful interventions for workplace bullying: exploring forum theatre

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot Edwards ◽  
Kate Marie Blackwood
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Workplace Bullying ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Small Group Teaching ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Forum Theatre ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Long Term Impact

Purpose This paper aims to explore the phenomenon of workplace bullying in response to recent calls for the development of different approaches and provide an exploration of artful approaches to intervention. Design/methodology/approach The paper offers a unique conceptualisation of workplace bullying and applies a phenomenological lens to the issue. A review of literature explores the potential value of artful interventions, and drawing on authors’ knowledge and experience with the targets of bullying, they design a forum theatre intervention for use in practice. Findings This paper argues that phenomenology offers a unique and valuable approach to understanding workplace bullying and its management. In turn, the authors propose that artful ways of engaging with workplace bullying could be an effective way of empowering workers in a “moment” of workplace bullying, and present a forum theatre workshop specifically designed for application in workplace contexts where bullying is prevalent. The three-phase workshop aims to help employees critically reflect on their current work practices and is intended for use in small group teaching. Research limitations/implications The long-term impact of this intervention has not been evaluated against more traditional methods of addressing this problem. Future research should evaluate the efficacy of this, and other art-based interventions, in workplace settings. Originality/value Workplace bullying research is predominantly conducted from a functionalist perspective, and other methods of inquiry, such as phenomenology, are rarely considered. This paper argues for artful interventions and provides an original, tailored workshop designed to empower employees to recognise and respond to bullying in the workplace.

A Conceptual Analysis of Rape Victimization: Long-Term Effects and Implications for Treatment

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary P. Koss ◽  
Barry R. Burkhart
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Rape Victims ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
And Coping

Recent prevalence studies have suggested that 15–22% of women have been raped at some point in their lives, many by close acquaintances, although few victims seek assistance services or professional psychotherapy immediately post-assault. Surveys have revealed that 31–48% of rape victims eventually sought professional psychotherapy, often years after the actual assault. These observations suggest that the primary role of clinicians in the treatment of rape victims is the identification and handling of chronic, post-traumatic responses to a nonrecent experience. However, it is concluded that most of the existing literature on rape treatment addresses only the target symptoms that represent the immediate response to rape. In this article, contemporary theoretical and empirical discussions of stress, cognitive appraisal, cognitive adaptation, and coping are used to conceptualize the long-term impact of rape and the process of resolution. Directions for future research on the clinical treatment of rape are suggested.

scholarly journals Japanese government venture capital: what should we know?

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Kirihata
Keyword(s):  
Venture Capital ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Japanese Government ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Current State ◽  
New Technology Based Firms ◽  
Research Questions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the implication of Japanese government venture capital (VC) policies for future research and to provide basis for policymakers and practitioners. Design/methodology/approach This is an academic literature review of available peer-reviewed publications on government VC policies. This paper discusses and analyses the current state and issues of the Japanese government VC policies regarding three research questions: What do Japanese government VCs do? Do they contribute to their portfolios? and Do they contribute to the development of VC market? Findings There are mainly two findings in this paper: It is effective to establish a complementary relationship with private VCs for Japanese government VCs to contribute to their portfolios; Japanese government should simultaneously continue to make and review policies for the VC market, the stock market, the entrepreneur sector and the environment surrounding them by its strategic long-term commitment to contribute to the development of VC market and new technology-based firms in Japan. Originality/value As there are only a few studies on recently strengthened Japanese government VC policies, this paper provides an in-depth discussion on these Japanese VC policies, which can be used for future research and as a valuable resource for policymakers and practitioners.

System and Individual Outcomes and Their Predictors in Services and Support for People with IDD

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 298-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renáta Tichá ◽  
Amy Hewitt ◽  
Derek Nord ◽  
Sherri Larson
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
Individual Outcomes ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
National Significance ◽  
Community Based Services

Abstract The growth and advancement of community-based services for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have resulted in vast changes in the long-term services and support landscape as well as in expected outcomes of service systems for service recipients. Investments in IDD research have been made to provide a deeper understanding of these outcomes and to explain them. This article summarizes outcomes and their predictors through systems and individual lenses by examining the research and findings of the Administration on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities' Data Projects of National Significance that address residential services, employment services, costs of services, and individual outcomes. The article also discusses challenges and debates associated with outcome-related research and poses future research questions.

The Influence of Family Structure on Delinquent Behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-106
Author(s):  
Cashen M. Boccio ◽  
Kevin M. Beaver
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Parental Divorce ◽  
Delinquent Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adolescent Delinquency ◽  
Criminal Involvement ◽  
Temporary Association ◽  
Long Term Impact

Previous research has linked changes in family structure (especially parental divorce) with involvement in juvenile delinquency. Comparatively less research has attempted to examine the long-term impact of shifts in family structure on delinquent and criminal involvement. The current study addresses this gap in the literature by examining the influence of changes in family structure during adolescence on delinquent involvement both cross sectionally and longitudinally. Our findings revealed a small and only temporary association between changes in family structure and adolescent delinquency. We discuss the implications of these results for future research.

scholarly journals Sum things are not what they seem: Problems with the interpretation and analysis of radiocarbon-date proxies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Christopher Carleton ◽  
huw groucutt
Keyword(s):  
Time Variation ◽  
Radiocarbon Date ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sea Level Fluctuations ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Regression Experiment ◽  
Major Implication ◽  
Sample Frequency ◽  
Research Questions

Radiocarbon-date proxies are widely used in studies exploring long-term variation in human and environmental phenomena. Examined phenomena include, for example, variation in past human population levels and climate-change-driven sea level fluctuations. These processes are thought to have affected the amount of organic carbon deposited into the archaeological and/or palaeoenvironmental record at a given time. Time-series representing through-time fluctuations in the frequency of dated radiocarbon samples are, therefore, often used as proxies for such processes. However, there are important problems with radiocarbon-date proxies that have so far gone underappreciated in the scientific literature. The primary problem is that the proxies are easily misinterpreted, and this has serious implications for downstream analyses. Here we report the results of a two-part study. In the first part, we investigated the most accurate interpretation of radiocarbon-date proxies produced with each of the two established methods, widely-used summed probability density functions and a new kernel density estimation approach. In the second part, we performed a simulated regression experiment to determine whether the proxies could be used to quantitatively investigate the processes they are often thought to represent. Our analyses unfortunately reveal that the proxies do not reflect what they are generally thought to---i.e., through-time variation in processes correlated with radiocarbon sample frequency. Rather, they represent a combination of through-time variation in sample frequency and chronological uncertainty. More importantly, though, our regression experiment demonstrated that the proxies can produce very misleading results. While the proxies may be useful under certain conditions for addressing certain kinds of research questions, they are not generally suitable as representations of through-time processes. A major implication of this finding is that a significant number of high-profile published studies may be reporting false results based on misinterpretations of core data. Another major implication is that the proxies should be avoided in future research when the goal is to understand through-time variation in a given process.

scholarly journals Long-Term Impact of Caregiving and Metabolic Syndrome with Perceived Decline in Cognitive Function 8 Years Later: A Pilot Study Suggesting Important Avenues for Future Research

2013 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly H. Brummett ◽  
Shirley B. Austin ◽  
Kathleen A. Welsh-Bohmer ◽  
Redford B. Williams ◽  
Ilene C. Siegler
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Impact
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