scholarly journals Plant height of soft winter wheat varieties and its connection with winter hardiness in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Nikolaevna Zakharova ◽  
Nikolai Grigoryevich Zakharov ◽  
Rezida Akhmetovna Mustafina
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Norm Of Reaction ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

Research has been carried out to study the height of plants of prospective soft winter wheat of different ecological and geographical origin in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. It was found out that the height of the plants of the studied winter soft wheat varieties is characterized by a wide norm of reaction to changes in growing conditions. A positive correlation and regression dependence of winter hardiness on plant height was revealed. The contribution of plant height to winter hardiness of soft winter wheat is 56.7%. Individual dwarf and semi-dwarf prospective varieties of soft winter wheat with increased and high winter hardiness in specific environmental conditions were identified.

scholarly journals Source material for breeding soft winter wheat in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00189
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Zakharova ◽  
Nikolai Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

The source material is the initial link of the selection process of any crop. A careful study of it in specific environmental conditions largely determines the effectiveness of breeding activities. The paper presents the results of a study of 102 cultivars of soft winter wheat of various ecological and geographical origin in terms of the yield, winter hardiness, the plant height, the duration of the growing season, the resistance to the frit fly. The sources of individual and a complex of economically valuable indicators were identified and recommended as the source material for breeding use in the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region. In the winter wheat selection for high winter hardiness, the varieties Omskaya 6, Bagrationovskaya, Novosibirskaya 32, Novosibirskaya 51, Biyskaya Ozimaya, Filatovka, Kulundinka, Poema (Russia), Banga (Latvia), Emoile (Bulgaria), Myropol, Mykolayvka, Dashenka, Kalyanova, Lytavinka, Vinnychanka, Manzheliya, Khersonska bezostaya (Ukraine), Xiao Yan 107, Zhong Pin 1535 (China) are of great interest. Highly productive varieties are Victoria 95, Poema, Biyskaya Ozimaya (Russia), Zamozhnist, Kalyanova, Yasnogorka (Ukraine). Varieties Vdachna, Shestopalivka, Myropol (Ukraine), Svilena, Emoile (Bulgaria), KS 96 WGRC 37, KS 96 WGRC 40, Pacer (USA), Kitami 46 (Japan) XiaoYan 6, Ji Mai 30, Ji Mai 36 (China) are characterized by early ripeness. Short-stalked wheat varieties are Cameo (Russia), Ninka (Ukraine), Ji Mai 18 (China), Kitami 35 (Japan). Highly resistant varieties to the frit fly are Donskaya 50, Dominanta, Poema (Russia), Yasnogorka (Ukraine), Orienta, KS 96 WGRC34, KS 96 WGRC40 (USA), Xiao Yan 7, Zhong Pin 1507, Zhong Pin 1535 (China), Kitami 35 (Japan). Reliable correlations between winter hardiness and productivity, winter hardiness and plant height, plant height and productivity of soft winter wheat were established, which is of practical importance both for crop breeding and for its production use.

scholarly journals The ear development time and yield of soft winter wheat in the forest steppe of the Middle Volga Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00023
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Zakharova ◽  
Nikolai Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

The duration of the growing season is an important, adaptively significant indicator for any crop variety. In wheat breeding, a reliable criterion for determining the maturity group of a variety is the ear formation period. The purpose of the study was to determine the ear formation period of soft winter wheat varieties of various ecological and geographical origins in the conditions of the forest steppe of the Middle Volga region, and also to determine its effect on yield. Among the studied varieties of wheat from the world collection, German varieties were characterized by late ripeness, wheat from China, Japan, Bulgaria and the North Caucasus region of Russia by early ripeness and mid-ripeness, - varieties from the Siberian region of the country by mid-ripeness. Ukrainian cultivars were represented by wheat of different maturity groups. It has been found in the studies that under varying environmental conditions in different years early ripening, mid-early, mid-ripening and mid-late wheat can be highly productive. A well selected system of ripening varieties of soft winter wheat (65–70 % mid-ripening, 25 % mid-early and early-ripening, 5–10 % mid-late) will make it possible to use favorable environmental factors with great efficiency and withstand environmental stresses.

scholarly journals The productivity elements of the main ear of soft winter wheat in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Nikolaevna Zakharova ◽  
Nikolai Grigoryevich Zakharov ◽  
Vladimir Nikolaevich Ostin
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
The Other ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Research has been conducted on forming the productivity elements of main ear of soft winter wheat in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the middle Volga region. It was found that the productivity of main ear is in a strong positive correlative dependence on a number of seeds per ear and on the mass of 1000 grains. The other elements of the structure were also examined in detail – the ear length, the number of spikelets per ear, intravarietal and intervarietal variability of them.

scholarly journals VARIETAL DIFFERENTIATION OF WINTER SOFT WHEAT BY MATURITY GROUPS IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
N.N. Zakharova ◽  
◽  
N.G. Zakharov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Maturity Groups

In wheat selection, the earring period is a fairly reliable criterion for determining the ripeness group of the variety. The aim of the research was to determine the maturity groups of winter soft wheat varieties of various ecological and geographical origin in the middle Volga forest-steppe. 18 varieties of winter soft wheat included in the State register of selection achievements for the middle Volga region of Russia were used for research in machine seeding.102 varieties originating from 11 countries were used in manual seeding. It is established that the intra-and intervariental change of the date of winter soft wheat earning is weak and moderate. The share of genotype (variety) influence in the variability of the duration of the growing season of winter soft wheat is 56.1 %, the year conditions-4.4 %, and the “genotype-year” interaction-36.5 %. Among the assortment of winter soft wheat of domestic selection, 54% of varieties showed themselves to be medium – ripe, 24% – medium-early, 10% - medium-late. The late-maturing, early-maturing, and ultra-early-maturing groups only included single varieties in certain years. Among the studied assortment of the world wheat collection late maturity had variety of Germany, the earliness and medium early– wheat of China, Japan, Bulgaria and the North Caucasus region of Russia, medium maturing varieties of the Siberian region of the country. Wheat of different groups of ripeness were represented by varieties of Ukraine. The ultra-early and late-maturing varieties of foreign selection selected in the study are valuable as a source material for the selection of soft wheat for the duration of the growing season in the middle Volga forest-steppe.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF INNOVATIVE ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON WINTER WHEAT YIELD IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION FOREST-STEPPE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Sergey Zudilin ◽  
Natal'y Chukhnina
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Tillage Treatment

The aim of the study is to increase the yield of winter wheat with the use of innovative organic fertilizers during overall tillage in conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region. The research was conducted in the period involving 2017-2020. The Svetoch variety winter wheat plants, were subjected to the research. In the field experiment, organic fertilizers were applied at different tillage treatment stages. The fertilizers use during early spring sowing or winter crops aftergrowing contributed to an increase of moisture content in the meter-depth soil layer by 0.8-1.3%. Winter wheat harvesting was not affected by the soil moisture significantly depending either on fertilizers used or main tillage treatment. The organic fertilizers use led to a slight decrease in soil compaction during the sowing of early spring crops or winter wheat spring aftergrowing compared to the option without fertilizers. The in-troduction of fresh manure led to a certain increase in the contamination of crops, after the introduction of other or-ganic fertilizers studied, the number of residues and their weight was less, and no significant differences were ob-served between the variants. Factor A showed (organic fertilizers applied) during periods of 2017-2020 the yield of winter wheat was – 2.95 t/ha; fertilizers were not applied, when 30 t/ha of manure applied – 3.32 t/ha; dry organic fertilizer use – 3.35 t/ha; and liquid one – 3.36 t/ha; biohumus – 3.32 t/ha. An increase of winter wheat yield from the action of organic fertilizers was 0.37-0.41 t/ha (or 12.5-13.9%). According to factor B (main tillage), the crop yield amounted to: when plowing by 20-22 cm – 3.33 t/ha; surface tillage by 10-12 cm – 3.25 t/ha; without autumn cultural practice – 3.19 t/ha. The use of resource-saving tillage reduced the winter wheat yield by 0.08-0.14 t/ha (or by 2.5-4.4 %), that is, without a significant difference between the options.

VARIABILITY OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT PLANT HEIGHT IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION FOREST-STEPPE CONDITIONS

1970 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
T. Yu. Taranova ◽  
Е. А. Demina ◽  
А. I. Kincharov ◽  
O. S. Mullayanova ◽  
K. Yu. Chekmasova
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Middle Volga

The results of the study of 250 collection samples of spring soft wheat of various ecological and geographical groups are presented in order to identify the source material that combines optimal plant height and high productivity for the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region. The work was carried out in 2017–2020 in the Samara region. The study and evaluation of samples was carried out according to the Methodology of the state variety testing and the methodological recommendations of the VIR. The average height of plants in the samples over the years of research varied within 68.5-109.2 cm, the coefficient of variation of the trait was 11.86-13.72 %. The presence of a positive average and weak correlation between the yield and plant height, regardless of the moisture conditions of the year (r = 0.15-0.47), was revealed. A strong positive relationship was observed between the height of the samples and the following weather factors: precipitation in June (r = 0.94), precipitation during the growing season (r = 0.87), hydrothermal coefficient of June (r = 0.93), hydrothermal coefficient for the growing season (r = 0.83). The highest grain yield was formed by samples from the group of undersized and medium-grown, on average 416 and 428 g/m2, respectively. A number of highly productive varieties were identified: 3 medium-grown samples (105 cm) with a yield of 419.7-435.7 g/m2 and 21 undersized samples (85-102 cm) with an average grain yield of 485.0-585.7 g/m2. Dwarf specimens sample a stable manifestation of short-stemmed growth over the years and high resistance to lodging were noted. According to the research results, it was found that the optimal height of plants for the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region is in the range of 85-105 cm. The selected undersized and medium-grown samples with high grain yield and dwarf samples with high resistance to lodging are recommended for use in breeding programs of the region and places with similar conditions.

scholarly journals ADAPTABILITY OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
G.Y. Maslova ◽  
◽  
M.R. Abdryaev ◽  
I.I. Sharapov ◽  
Yu.A. Sharapova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties
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