scholarly journals I.D. PAPANIN - POLAR RESEARCHER AND ORGANIZER OF SCIENCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-221
Author(s):  
K. V. Popov ◽  
Yu. V. Vorob’eva ◽  
M. G. Ushakova
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
North Pole ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Public Figure ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Scientific Station

The article is dedicated to the important date – 125 years since the birth of I.D. Papanin. Many people know Papanin as a famous polar researcher, scientist and organizer of expeditions, a public figure, the head of the Borok biostation. But, of course, the key event of his life is a drift under his leadership the world’s first scientific station «North Pole» in the Arctic Ocean in 1937–1938. This is an unprecedented event of world significance and scale, as well as a feat of courage, endurance and determination of all four participants in the drift, who were called «Papanintsi».

Reflections on Arctic Maritime Delimitations: A Comparative Analysis between the Case Law and State Practice

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-484
Author(s):  
Yoshifumi Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Coastal State ◽  
Ocean Governance ◽  
State Practice ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

AbstractThe determination of spatial ambit of the coastal State jurisdiction is fundamental for ocean governance and the same applies to the Arctic Ocean. In this regard, a question arises how it is possible to delimit marine spaces where the jurisdiction of two or more coastal States overlaps. Without rules on maritime delimitation in marine spaces where the jurisdiction of coastal States overlaps, the legal uses of these spaces cannot be enjoyed effectively. In this sense, maritime delimitation is of paramount importance in the Arctic Ocean governance. Thus, this study will examine Arctic maritime delimitations by comparing them to the case law concerning maritime delimitation. In so doing, this study seeks to clarify features of Arctic maritime delimitations.

scholarly journals Desecuritization as Displacement of Controversy: geopolitics, law and sovereign rights in the Arctic

Politik ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Jacobsen ◽  
Jeppe Strandsbjerg
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
International Law ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
North Pole ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Securitization Theory ◽  
The Media ◽  
The One

By signing the Ilulissat Declaration of May 2008, the five littoral states of the Arctic Ocean pre-emptively desecuritized potential geopolitical controversies in the Arctic Ocean by confirming that international law and geo-science are the defining factors underlying the future delimitation. This happened in response to a rising securitization discourse fueled by commentators and the media in the wake of the 2007 Russian flag planting on the geographical North Pole seabed, which also triggered harder interstate rhetoric and dramatic headlines. This case, however, challenges some established conventions within securitization theory. It was state elites that initiated desecuritization and they did so by shifting issues in danger of being securitized from security to other techniques of government. Contrary to the democratic ethos of the theory, these shifts do not necessarily represent more democratic procedures. Instead, each of these techniques are populated by their own experts and technocrats operating according to logics of right (law) and accuracy (science). While shifting techniques of government might diminish the danger of securitized relations between states, the shift generates a displacement of controversy. Within international law we have seen controversy over its ontological foundations and within science we have seen controversy over standards of science. Each of these are amplified and take a particularly political significance when an issue is securitized via relocation to another technique. While the Ilulissat Declaration has been successful in minimizing the horizontal conflict potential between states it has simultaneously given way for vertical disputes between the signatory states on the one hand and the Indigenous peoples of the Arctic on the other.

scholarly journals Interpretation of Slar Imagery of Sea Ice in Nares Strait and the Arctic Ocean

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (73) ◽  
pp. 193-213
Author(s):  
Moira Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
North Pole ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Canadian Forces ◽  
Nares Strait ◽  
The North ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Ice Edge ◽  
Airborne Sensors

AbstractSLAR imagery of Nares Strait was obtained on three flights carried out in. January, March, and August of 1973 by Canadian Forces Maritime Proving and Evaluation Unit in an Argus aircraft equipped with a Motorola APS-94D SLAR; the March flight also covered two lines in the Arctic Ocean, from Alert 10 the North Pole and from the Pole down the long. 4ºE. meridian to the ice edge at about lat. 80º N. No observations on the ground were possible, but -some back-up was available on all flights from visual observations recorded in the air, and on the March flight from infrared line-scan and vertical photography.The interpretation of ice features from the SLAR imagery is discussed, and the conclusion reached that in spite of certain ambiguities the technique has great potential which will increase with improving resolution, Extent of coverage per distance flown and independence of light and cloud conditions make it unique among airborne sensors.

scholarly journals A new aeromagnetic survey of the North Pole and the Arctic Ocean north of Greenland and Ellesmere Island

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 829-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Matzka ◽  
Thorkild M. Rasmussen ◽  
Arne V. Olesen ◽  
Jens Emil Nielsen ◽  
Rene Forsberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
North Pole ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Aeromagnetic Survey ◽  
The North ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

scholarly journals Interpretation of Slar Imagery of Sea Ice in Nares Strait and the Arctic Ocean

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (73) ◽  
pp. 193-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
North Pole ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Canadian Forces ◽  
Nares Strait ◽  
The North ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Ice Edge ◽  
Airborne Sensors

Abstract SLAR imagery of Nares Strait was obtained on three flights carried out in. January, March, and August of 1973 by Canadian Forces Maritime Proving and Evaluation Unit in an Argus aircraft equipped with a Motorola APS-94D SLAR; the March flight also covered two lines in the Arctic Ocean, from Alert 10 the North Pole and from the Pole down the long. 4ºE. meridian to the ice edge at about lat. 80º N. No observations on the ground were possible, but -some back-up was available on all flights from visual observations recorded in the air, and on the March flight from infrared line-scan and vertical photography. The interpretation of ice features from the SLAR imagery is discussed, and the conclusion reached that in spite of certain ambiguities the technique has great potential which will increase with improving resolution, Extent of coverage per distance flown and independence of light and cloud conditions make it unique among airborne sensors.

A Thermodynamic Study of Arctic Paleoclimatology

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Shaw ◽  
William L. Donn
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Thermodynamic Model ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Thermodynamic Study ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Freezing Level ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

The thermodynamic model of J. Adem has been applied to the determination of Arctic and hemispheric surface temperatures with both ice-covered and ice-free states of the Arctic Ocean. The effect of glaciated and nonglaciated continents is included in the investigation. With an ice cover over the Arctic, as at present, computed temperatures for the polar sea and the Northern Hemisphere correspond closely with present observations. Over a broad range of the critical parameters, removal of the ice cover yields computed temperatures that remain well above freezing level throughout the year. With glaciated continents computed Arctic temperatures are depressed.

The North Pole Seabed Nature Reserve as a Provisional Arrangement

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-133
Author(s):  
Olya Gayazova
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
North Pole ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Median Line ◽  
Outer Continental Shelf ◽  
The North ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Positive Direct

Abstract That the geographic North Pole is the Arctic Schelling point, is implicit in the Russian submission to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf. I assess this premise vis-à-vis three other approaches to the outer continental shelf delimitation in the Arctic Ocean—the median-line method; a joint submission; and an international zone around the North Pole—and show that both the premise and the alternatives have limitations. Then I explain how an agreement between the Arctic Ocean states (the A5) to establish a seabed nature reserve north of 88°20´N and within 100 nm from the 2,500-meter isobath overcomes those limitations and what positive direct and indirect effects may come from it.

Corrigendum to “Dissolved oxygen extrema in the Arctic Ocean halocline from the North Pole to the Lincoln Sea”

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Kenison Falkner ◽  
Michael Steele ◽  
Rebecca A. Woodgate ◽  
James H. Swift ◽  
Knut Aagaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
North Pole ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

Frederick Cook's polar journey: a reconstruction

Polar Record ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (158) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall J. Osczevski
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
North Pole ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Ice Conditions

AbstractThe data used by Dr Frederick A. Cook in support of his claim to have reached the North Pole on 21 April 1908 are reinterpreted to support a hypothesis that Cook did not reach the Pole, that his journey towards the Pole lasted only one week, and thathe subsequently discovered and visited Meighen Island. This reconstruction explains how Dr Cook could have made observations of ice conditions and drift, and of an ice island, without having travelled far out on the Arctic Ocean. A possible reason for his failure to announce discovery of Meighen Island is also offered.

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