scholarly journals Long-term tendencies in variations of hydro-meteorological characteristics in Kaliningrad Oblast

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-61
Author(s):  
Z.I. Stont ◽  
S.E. Navrotskaya ◽  
B.V. Chubarenko
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Kaliningrad Oblast ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
And Sea Level

The variability (1901–2018) of the average annual values of air temperature, precipitation and sea level with climate averaging (within 30-year climatic periods with a shift of the 30- year “window” in 10-year increments) was analyzed for the coastal zone of the Kaliningrad Oblast (the territory of Russia in the southeastern part of the Baltic Sea). It was found that their synchronous increase was identified in the second half of the twentieth century (from the 1950s), intensified in 1961–1990 and, especially, in 1991–2018. This increase provides an apparently high correlation coefficients between the time variations of the 30-year average of these parameters (r = 0.70÷0.95), although in fact this synchronous increase is a response to external (for the region) impact. Considering the link between the variations of 30-year averages around the lines of their positive trends, it was found that this link (a) is extremely weak for precipitation and air temperature (r = 0.10); (b) is weak for sea level and precipitation (r = 0.48); and is rather high for sea level and air temperature (r = 0.85). Analysis of changes in average annual values of these parameters within 30-years periods showed that trends for the air temperature and sea level were extreme in the last period (1991–2018). A more detailed consideration of changes in the average annual temperature, precipitation and sea level over 15-year half-periods within time of growth (1961–2018) showed that the main increase occurred in the first half of this interval, and this increase was slightly slowed down in the second half. The increase in average annual air temperature is mainly due to an increase in temperature in winter and spring, which is associated with a decrease in contrast between seasons. The ambiguity of the contribution of extreme levels to the growth of the average annual level (4.5 cm/decade) was shown for 1961–2018: the positive trends of the minimum level was 3.4 cm/decade, and for the maximum level – 1.2 cm/decade. It was noted that the main increase in the average annual level was due to the growth of the level in the winter period. The reason may be an increase in the number of warm and humid winters due to general climate warming.

Southern Oscillation Anomalies and Their Relationship to Wildfire Activity in Florida

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
And Sea Level

Some relationships between the EI Nino / Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and wildfire in Florida are examined. Unlike many ENSO / wildfire studies to date, no particular emphasis was placed on the positive side of the ENSO. Both the positive and negative sides were equally examined. Linear correlation coefficients, scatter diagrams and line graphs are constructed to compare acres burned with indices of central and eastern Pacific sea surface temperature and pressure anomalies. The study reveals a significant relationship between anomalous sea surface temperatures and sea level pressures in the tend and eastern Pacific, and acres burned in Florida due to wildfires. The typical fire season in Florida is during the winter months, and the best correlation coefficient ("r" 0.71) was derived from the average central Pacific sea surface temperature anomaly for the period January through my, indicating it correlated with up to 50% of the variance in acres burned during the years examined. The study further suggests that it may be possible to develop a predictive model for wildfii activity in Florida, based on observed anomalies of sea surface temperatwe and sea level pressure in the central and eastern Pacific.

scholarly journals Geoid profiles in the Baltic Sea determined using GPS and sea level surface

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harli Jürgenson ◽  
Aive Liibusk ◽  
Artu Ellmann
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Level Surface ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
And Sea Level

Wind- and Sea Level-Induced Shore Evolution in Poland

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard B. Zeidler ◽  
Marek Skaja ◽  
Grzegorz Różyński ◽  
Jarka Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
And Sea Level

HOW CLIMATE CHANGE CAN INFLUENCE THE AGRICULTURE IN UKRAINE: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Maidanovych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this work is to review and analyze the main results of modern research on the impact of climate change on the agro-sphere of Ukraine. Results. Analysis of research has shown that the effects of climate change on the agro-sphere are already being felt today and will continue in the future. The observed climate changes in recent decades have already significantly affected the shift in the northern direction of all agro-climatic zones of Europe, including Ukraine. From the point of view of productivity of the agro-sphere of Ukraine, climate change will have both positive and negative consequences. The positives include: improving the conditions of formation and reducing the harvesting time of crop yields; the possibility of effective introduction of late varieties (hybrids), which require more thermal resources; improving the conditions for overwintering crops; increase the efficiency of fertilizer application. Model estimates of the impact of climate change on wheat yields in Ukraine mainly indicate the positive effects of global warming on yields in the medium term, but with an increase in the average annual temperature by 2 ° C above normal, grain yields are expected to decrease. The negative consequences of the impact of climate change on the agrosphere include: increased drought during the growing season; acceleration of humus decomposition in soils; deterioration of soil moisture in the southern regions; deterioration of grain quality and failure to ensure full vernalization of grain; increase in the number of pests, the spread of pathogens of plants and weeds due to favorable conditions for their overwintering; increase in wind and water erosion of the soil caused by an increase in droughts and extreme rainfall; increasing risks of freezing of winter crops due to lack of stable snow cover. Conclusions. Resource-saving agricultural technologies are of particular importance in the context of climate change. They include technologies such as no-till, strip-till, ridge-till, which make it possible to partially store and accumulate mulch on the soil surface, reduce the speed of the surface layer of air and contribute to better preservation of moisture accumulated during the autumn-winter period. And in determining the most effective ways and mechanisms to reduce weather risks for Ukrainian farmers, it is necessary to take into account the world practice of climate-smart technologies.

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