scholarly journals Partition of Water Distribution Networks into District Metered Areas Using a Graph Theoretical Approach

10.29007/l442 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jure Zevnik ◽  
Daniel Kozelj
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Graph Theoretic ◽  
Graph Theoretical Approach ◽  
Connected Subgraphs ◽  
The Cost

We present a method for partitioning Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) into District Metered Areas (DMAs) by using a spectral graph partitioning algorithm. The effectiveness of DMA design was tested for selected edge weights and multiple numbers of established DMAs. The presented method includes a novel graph theoretic approach to determine and evaluate only relevant combinations of DMA connection. It was tested on a real-life case study for which several different solutions were generated and evaluated against their hydraulic performance. The optimal solution, i.e. design of DMAs, was selected regarding the quality of partition and the cost of WDN segmentation, since hydraulic adequacy was met for all cases where partitioning resulted in connected subgraphs.

scholarly journals Efficient Partitioning of Water Distribution Networks Using a Graph-Theoretical Approach

2018 ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Jure Zevnik ◽  
Marjeta Kramar Fijavž ◽  
Daniel Kozelj
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Multi Criteria Evaluation ◽  
Graph Theoretical Approach ◽  
Spectral Partitioning

We present an efficient graph-theoretical method for partitioning water distribution networks (WDNs) into district metered areas (DMAs). The proposed algorithm consists of two main parts, namely WDN partitioning and DMA connection, and is tested on a real-life WDN, for which different weight cases are compared. The efficiency of the proposed DMA connection algorithm, in regard to the traditional combinatorics approach, is shown for various numbers of established DMAs. The final solution is selected according to the multi-criteria evaluation model, which was developed in order to reduce the subjective influence in the selection process and considers hydraulic, cost, and topological criteria. The results show that the newly proposed spectral partitioning method, namely generalized normalized cut, is appropriate for WDN partitioning and that we can further improve the quality of the obtained solutions by considering appropriate topological and cost-based WDN information in the partitioning process.

Optimal use of chlorine in water distribution networks based on specific locations of booster chlorination: analyzing conditions in Mexico

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hernández Cervantes ◽  
Jesús Mora Rodríguez ◽  
Xitlali Delgado Galván ◽  
Josefina Ortiz Medel ◽  
Martín Rubén Jiménez Magaña
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Booster Chlorination ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Concentration Limits

Water distribution networks (WDNs) could present problems of pathogen intrusion that affect the health of consumers. One solution to diminish this risk is to add more disinfectant to the water at the drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). However, this increases the cost of water treatment and may also cause the formation of trihalomethanes. Mexico has the largest bottled water market in the world. Also, most houses are built with individual storage containers due to intermittent service, which generates a greater residence time of the water before use. This paper shows an alternative to guarantee minimum disinfection along WDNs and diminish the use of disinfectant at the DWTP considering the conditions of water consumption and use in Mexico. We propose a model based on Genetic Algorithms to obtain scenarios where free chlorine is maintained at the minimum permissible concentration throughout the day. In addition, Water Managers could optimize the use of disinfectant by implementing booster chlorination stations (BCSs). The results show that chlorine use could be reduced by 38%, therefore guaranteeing the chlorine concentration limits along the WDN.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Segment Graph of Water Distribution Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Huzsvár ◽  
Richárd Wéber ◽  
Csaba János Hős
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Complex Network Theory ◽  
Graph Properties ◽  
Quantitative Topology ◽  
The Impact

One of the basic infrastructures of every settlement is the water distribution system, which provides clean and potable water for both private houses, industrial consumers and institution establishments. The operational robustness and vulnerabilities of these networks is an essential issue, both for the quality of life and for the preservation of the environment. Even with frequent and careful maintenance, unintentional pipe bursts might occur, and during the reparation time, the damaged section must be isolated hydraulically from the main body of the water distribution network. Due to the size and complexity of these networks, it might not be trivial how to isolate the burst section, especially if one wishes to minimize the impact on the overall system. This paper presents an algorithmic method that is capable of creating isolation plans for real-life networks in a computationally efficient way, based on the graph properties of the network. Besides this segmentation plan, the topological behavior of the structural graph properties was analyzed with the help of the complex network theory to create a method for the quantitative topology based categorization of the water distribution networks.

scholarly journals Compressed sensing based optimal sensor placement for leak localization in water distribution networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1286-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Xie ◽  
Quan Zhou ◽  
Dibo Hou ◽  
Hongjian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Compressed Sensing ◽  
Knapsack Problem ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Sensor Placement ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Mutual Coherence ◽  
Optimal Sensor Placement ◽  
Leak Localization

Abstract The performance of model-based leak detection and localization techniques heavily depends on the configuration of a limited number of sensors. This paper presents a sensor placement optimization strategy that guarantees sufficient diagnosability while satisfying the budget constraint. Based on the theory of compressed sensing, the leak localization problem could be transformed into acquiring the sparse leak-induced demands from the available measurements, and the average mutual coherence is devised as a diagnosability criterion for evaluating whether the measurements contain enough information for identifying the potential leaks. The optimal sensor placement problem is then reformulated as a {0, 1} quadratic knapsack problem, seeking an optimal sensor placement scheme by minimizing the average mutual coherence to maximize the degree of diagnosability. To effectively handle the complicated real-life water distribution networks, a validated binary version of artificial bee colony algorithm enhanced by genetic operators, including crossover and swap, is introduced to solve the binary knapsack problem. The proposed strategy is illustrated and validated through a real-life water distribution network with synthetically generated field data.

State Estimation in Water Distribution Networks Using Graph-Theoretic Reduction Strategy

2008 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mohan Kumar ◽  
Shankar Narasimhan ◽  
S. Murty Bhallamudi
Keyword(s):  
State Estimation ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Reduction Strategy ◽  
Graph Theoretic

A review of sensor placement objective metrics for contamination detection in water distribution networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 898-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta Rathi ◽  
Rajesh Gupta ◽  
Lindell Ormsbee
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Sensor Placement ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Objective Metrics ◽  
The Cost

Security of water distribution networks (WDNs) through early warning systems is one of the topics of research over the last two decades to safeguard human health and the environment against accidental and intentional contamination. Several methodologies have been suggested by different researchers for placement of sensors in WDNs which can provide early warning. Owing to the cost of both placing and maintaining the sensors, the number of these must be limited. This constraint makes the sensor deployment locations crucial in early warning systems. In this paper various methodologies suggested for sensor placements have been broadly classified based on the number of performance objectives as single and multi-objective sensor location problems. Various objectives and their significance in the context of sensor placement strategy have been discussed. A complete review of literature is presented to understand complexities in the sensor design problems and to determine the directions in which research is heading. Several challenges for the design of robust sensor network for large WDNs with less computational efforts are discussed and recommendations are presented.

scholarly journals A Teaching Experiment Using a Serious Game for WDNs Sizing

10.29007/lvbt ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Laucelli ◽  
Luigi Berardi ◽  
Antonietta Simone ◽  
Orazio Giustolisi
Keyword(s):  
Video Game ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Teaching Experiment ◽  
Engineering Problem ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Serious Gaming ◽  
Minimum Capital ◽  
Life Problems

A new playful interface allowing a more intuitive understanding of real-life problems is the Serious Gaming, which combines video game and utility functions addressed to problems other than the mere entertainment. The use of Serious Gaming allows having fun while favoring the learning process related to specific technical fields. This paper presents the results of using Serious Gaming within a university classroom of 26 students to solve an engineering problem, i.e. the pipe sizing of several water distribution networks. It relates to five benchmark water distribution networks, and students were asked to find the optimal value of pipe diameters to match minimum capital cost of pipes and good average pressure. Therefore, the players/students can be seen as decision makers, from a real-life standpoint. The paper has multiple aims, such as investigating the gaming approach usefulness in consolidating/learning the main concepts of network hydraulics and bringing users closer to real-life complexity of engineering problems where different technical aspects must be considered at the same time.

A critical review of sensor location methods for contamination detection in water distribution networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta Rathi ◽  
Rajesh Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sensor Location ◽  
Sensor Network Design ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Location Methods ◽  
Contamination Events

Water distribution networks (WDNs) are vulnerable to various types of contamination events that may have impacts on human health and the environment. Therefore, there is a growing need to design an effective monitoring system. Due to the cost of both placing and maintaining the sensors, their numbers must be limited. This constraint makes the sensor deployment locations crucial in water monitoring systems. Several methodologies have been suggested in the past two decades by different researchers for placement of sensors in WDNs. These methodologies differ in many ways depending on the number of objectives, solution methodology, concentration level of contaminant considered, type of simulation, and so on. In this paper, various methodologies have been broadly classified based on the number of performance objectives as single and multi-objective sensor location problems. Some of the features of these methodologies are also mentioned to help understand the advantages of a particular method over other methods. A critical review of literature is presented. Some of the issues on which a consensus is being developed amongst researchers are discussed and recommendations are made with a view to suggest future research needs for sensor network design of large WDNs.

A heuristic approach algorithm for the optimization of water distribution networks

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bi Liang Lin ◽  
Ray Shyan Wu ◽  
Shu Liang Liaw
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Heuristic Approach ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Cost System ◽  
System Solution ◽  
Local Optimal Solution

Many optimization models to determine cost-effectiveness and obtain the least-cost system designs for water distribution networks have been developed. An algorithm used for solving an optimization model, such as the branch-and-bound or enumeration method, has deficiencies that may include efficiency problems and local optimal solution problems. A heuristic approach, with a bounded implicit enumeration (BIE) algorithm was developed in this study to improve searching efficiency. The heuristic approach first treats the system as a sub-system so that the sub-system's solution must spread widely at the solution space. Then, the optimal sub-system solution is found by a BIE algorithm. On the basis of the optimal solution for the initial system, one larger than and one smaller than its commercial diameter is used to form a new system design. Finally, an optimal solution is determined by using the BIE algorithm until the same solution is found. In this study, five water distribution network designs were used to illustrate the performance of this approach. The results show that a heuristic approach is more efficient than the BIE alone. The efficiency becomes more obvious when the system becomes larger. Comparing the three case studies, the heuristic approach along with the BIE algorithm finds global optimal solution more efficiently.

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