scholarly journals Re‐evaluation of potassium nitrite (E 249) and sodium nitrite (E 250) as food additives

EFSA Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alicja Mortensen ◽  
Fernando Aguilar ◽  
Riccardo Crebelli ◽  
Alessandro Di Domenico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Potassium Nitrite

scholarly journals Nitrite intake in Polish population

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Stos ◽  
Miroslaw Jarosz ◽  
Jaroslaw Pinkas ◽  
Maciej Oltarzewski ◽  
Barbara Wojda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Polish Population ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Nitrite Ion ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Varied Diet ◽  
Excessive Intake

AbstractNitrites are commonly used as food additives E 249 and E 250 in the production of meat products, mainly to protect them from the contamination of bacteria Clostridium botulinum. The nitrite intake should be limited because of their potential carcinogenicity in humans (IARC). The EFSA experts derived an ADI of 0.1 mg sodium nitrite/kg bw per day, corresponding to 0.07 mg nitrite ion/kg bw per day. Besides the meat products the other its sources are: cheese and fish products. The aim of this work was the assessment of nitrite intake (expressed as sodium nitrite) with the diet of Polish population.The data on sodium nitrite intake were based on the daily consumption of food products and dishes by the representative sample of Polish population (4134 persons) aged 1–96 years studied in 2000 and the actual content of this substance in food products. These data were combined with the results of the chemical analyses made by the State Sanitary Inspection. The risk assessment was based on the sodium nitrite intake calculations of: mean (X), median (Me), percentile 95 (P95) and its comparison to ADI. The data were analysed in the respect of the total studied sample and the group ‘consumers only’. The statistical analyses with use of U-Mann-Whitney test were done.The daily sodium nitrite intake expressed in mg/persons/day was as follow: 1.87 (X), 1.03 (Me) and 6.88 (P95) in the group of total surveyed persons. The percent of ADI was as follow: 31.8% (X), 17.4% (Me) and 111% (P95). The mean and median values did not exceed the ADI level in all studied groups. However the sodium nitrite intake at the level of P95 exceeded the ADI value in the most surveyed groups, except women. The most exposed group were children aged 1–3 (P95 = 287% ADI). The NaNO2 intake in the group ‘consumers only’ in mg/person/day was resulted as follow: 2.39 (X), 1.53 (Me) and 7.60 (P95) whereas the % of ADI was: 40.7% (X), 26.2% (Me) and 122% (P95) respectively.The Polish population was characterized by the average intake of sodium nitrite at the safe level (below ADI). However, there were observed some intake of sodium nitrite (P95 level) which exceed ADI. A balanced and varied diet, with limited consumption of meat products (up to 0.5 kg per week) will help to diminish the risk of excessive intake of nitrites by consumers in Poland.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Fenugreek) seed extract against sodium nitrite toxicity in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 3142-3150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gözde ATİLA USLU ◽  
Hamit USLU ◽  
Yasemen ADALI
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L

Introduction: Feeding habits and environmental factors may rival genetic susceptibility as etiological factors related to various cancers. Humans are continuously exposed to many synthetic food additives, one of which is sodium nitrite (NaNO2). There is a direct correlation between increases in consumption of nitrite-treated products and incidence of tissue damage, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and some types of cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum (TFG) on NaNO2-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Methods: Forty rats were randomly assigned (10 per group) to control (physiological saline solution), TFG (150 mg/kg/day), NaNO2 (80 mg/kg/day), and NaNO2+TFG (80 mg/kg/day + 150 mg/kg/day) groups. This group was offered TFG seed extract two hours before NaNO2. At the end of three months, the rats were decapitated, and blood, kidney and liver tissues were removed. Results: Three months of oral administration of NaNO2 increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, creatinine, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the liver and kidney tissues [except for liver Interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1a)] of rats. Serum AST, ALT, urea, creatinine, liver IL-6, and kidney tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), IL-6, IL-1a levels significantly decreased in the NaNO2+TFG group compared to the NaNO2 group. Pathological examinations, it was determined show that exogenously administered TFG could alleviate the effects of NaNO2 hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Conclusions: Our results suggest that exogenous TFG mitigates NaNO2-administration induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. TFG extract exerted antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, and played a significant role in preventing hepatic and renal damage induced by chronic NaNO2 administration.  

scholarly journals Adverse Effect of Mixture of Food Additives on Some Biochemical Parameters in Male Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Hashem Radwan ◽  
Mohamed Mohamed Elghazaly ◽  
Hussein Khamis Hussein ◽  
Karolin Kamel Abdel Aziz ◽  
Amel Ibrahim Barakat
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Significant Activity

The present study investigated the unsafe impacts of sodium nitrite, sodium benzoate and their mixture which is utilized in fabricating of the food on some biochemical parameters in male albino rats. Rats (40) were divided into four groups as follows: group 1 used as the control, group II and III were treated orally with sodium nitrite nano2 (80 mg/kg BW) and sodium benzoate (SB) (200 mg/kg BW), respectively. Group IV was treated orally with a mixture of sodium nitrite and sodium benzoate. Rats took their respective doses every day for 8 weeks. The obtained results showed that sodium nitrite, sodium benzoate and their mixture (nano2 and SB)  initiated a diminished within in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GSH) within the kidney, while, MDA recorded a highly significant activity level within experimental groups. Urea and creatinine mean levels were were expanded within plasma of the experimental rats. In the histology of the kidney, sections appeared edema with few mononuclear leukocyte cellular infiltrations, shrinkage of glomeruli. The severity of these changes increased in the experimental group which treated by the mixture of sodium nitrite and sodium benzoate. Overexpression in p53 occurred in experimental groups that were treated by nano2, SB and their mixture. The present study concluded that the mixture of food additives can induce toxicity in the kidney of rats. It is obvious that food additives induced nephrotoxicity  within the kidney. It decreased the antioxidant enzymes (GSH, CAT, and SOD) and increased MDA. Increase tumor suppressor gene p53 in kidney tissue. Food added substances caused changes in biochemical parameters as in creatinine and urea. The utilization of food additives must be decreased. The presence of more than one type of food additives on our food and the usage of the mixture of sodium nitrite and sodium benzoate initiated changes in biochemical parameters and immune-histopathological changes.

Effect of various nitrogen sources on growth of Sclerotinia

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1035-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Nitrate Sources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potassium Nitrite

A wide range in growth responses was obtained by two isolates each of Sclerotinia trifoliorum Erikss. and S. sclerotiorum (Lib.) d By. in stationary culture in a synthetic liquid medium containing a number of nitrogen sources representing both organic and inorganic forms. Good sources of nitrogen were casein hydrolysate, L-proline, DL-asparagine, L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid, L-histidine, L-alanine, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, L-tryptophan, ammonium sulfate, and DL-phenylalanine. Poor nitrogen sources included potassium nitrite, sodium nitrite, DL-lysine, L-valine, L-cysteine, DL-threonine, and DL-methionine. An additional eight sources were intermediate in the amount of growth supported. Growth by the S. trifoliorum isolates on the ammonium nitrogen sources was significantly greater than on the nitrate sources. No such difference was observed for the S. sclerotiorum isolates. DL-Phenylalanine ranked much lower and L-glutamic acid and calcium nitrate much higher as nitrogen sources for the S. sclerotiorum isolates than for S. trifoliorum isolates. Significant differences between the isolates of each species were observed on a number of nitrogen sources.

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