Pest categorisation of Maconellicoccus hirsutus

Insect-vectored viruses are a major threat to grapevine production but there is a dearth of information on the occurrence and distribution of key grapevine pests in Nigeria. The recent detection of grapevine leafroll associated virus-1 (GLRaV-1), a known insect-vectored ampelovirus, in Nigeria elevates the importance of the identification of its potential vectors as a precursor to assessing the risk of grapevine leafroll disease spread. This study was conducted to determine the occurrence and diversity of potential vectors of grapevine viruses and their natural enemies in vineyards across the savannah agro-ecological region of Nigeria. Forty vineyard and nursery locations were surveyed during 2016 and 45 arthropod samples were collected. The samples were first morphologically identified, and DNA barcoding was conducted on a subset of 16 representative samples using universal primers specific to the Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) gene of most insects. The results indicated the presence of two species of scale insects (Parasaissetia nigra and Saissetia coffeae) and two mealybug species (Maconellicoccus hirsutus and Ferrisia virgata), some ofwhich are potential grapevine virus vectors, in Nigerian vineyards. In addition, the natural enemies of these insect species were detected which includes three species of parasitoids (Anagyrus kamali, Anagyrus pseudococci and Encarsia inaron) and one predator (Hyperaspidius mimus). While the detection of mealybugs and scale insects underscore the risk of vector-mediated virus spread in Nigerian vineyards, the identification of their natural enemies indicates presence of natural biological control agents to facilitate an integrated management of economically important grapevine virus diseases in the country. Keywords: Mealybugs; scale insects; parasitoids and predators; insect vectors; grapevine viruses.

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Mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Species Associated with Cacao Mild Mosaic Virus and Evidence of Virus Acquisition

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12110994 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 994

Author(s):

Alina S. Puig ◽

Sarah Wurzel ◽

Stephanie Suarez ◽

Jean-Philippe Marelli ◽

Jerome Niogret

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Mild Mosaic ◽

Effective Management ◽

Coat Protein Region ◽

Maconellicoccus Hirsutus ◽

Virus Acquisition ◽

Mild Mosaic Virus ◽

Pseudococcus Comstocki ◽

Genus One

Theobroma cacao is affected by viruses on every continent where the crop is cultivated, with the most well-known ones belonging to the Badnavirus genus. One of these, cacao mild mosaic virus (CaMMV), is present in the Americas, and is transmitted by several species of Pseudococcidae (mealybugs). To determine which species are associated with virus-affected cacao plants in North America, and to assess their potential as vectors, mealybugs (n = 166) were collected from infected trees in Florida, and identified using COI, ITS2, and 28S markers. The species present were Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi (38%; n = 63), Maconellicoccus hirsutus (34.3%; n = 57), Pseudococcus comstocki (15.7%; n = 26), and Ferrisia virgata (12%; n = 20). Virus acquisition was assessed by testing mealybug DNA (0.8 ng) using a nested PCR that amplified a 500 bp fragment of the movement protein–coat protein region of CaMMV. Virus sequences were obtained from 34.6 to 43.1% of the insects tested; however, acquisition did not differ among species, X2 (3, N = 166) = 0.56, p < 0.91. This study identified two new mealybug species, P. jackbeardsleyi and M. hirsutus, as potential vectors of CaMMV. This information is essential for understanding the infection cycle of CaMMV and developing effective management strategies.

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Maconellicoccus hirsutus. [Distribution map].

Distribution Maps of Plant Pests ◽

10.1079/dmpp/20066690100 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

United Arab Emirates ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Solomon Islands ◽

South Australia ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Virgin Islands ◽

Peninsular Malaysia ◽

Distribution Map ◽

Maconellicoccus Hirsutus ◽

Brunei Darussalam

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae Hosts: Attacks cotton (Gossypium spp.), Hibiscus, Boehmeria, mulberry (Morus spp.), jute (Corchorus spp.), grapevine (Vitis spp.) and many other mostly woody plants. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macau, Shanxi, Xizhang, Yunnan, India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Java, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Japan, Ryukyu Archipelago, Laos, Lebanon Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, Vietnam, Yemen, AFRICA, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African, Republic Chad, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Gabon, Gambia, Kenya, Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Seychelles, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, California, Florida, Hawaii, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Anguilla, Antigua, and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Martinique, Montserrat, Netherlands, Antilles, Puerto Rico, St Kitts-Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent, and Grenadines, Trinidad, and Tobago, United States Virgin Islands, SOUTH AMERICA, French, Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, OCEANIA, Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, Fed. States of Micronesia, Guam, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu.

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Maconellicoccus hirsutus. [Distribution map].

Distribution Maps of Plant Pests ◽

10.1079/dmpp/20056600100 ◽

1987 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

United Arab Emirates ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Andhra Pradesh ◽

Central African Republic ◽

Pacific Islands ◽

West Bengal ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Distribution Map ◽

Maconellicoccus Hirsutus ◽

New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (= M. perforatus( DeLotto), Phenacoccus glomeratus Green) [Hemiptera: Coccoidea, Pseudococcidae] Hibiscus mealybug. Attacks cotton, Hibiscus spp., Boehmeria, mulberry, jute and grapevine. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Andaman Islands, Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, China, Hongkong, India, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Kampuchea, Laos, Malaysia, Malaya, Maldive Islands, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, AFRICA, Benin, Burkina, Faso, Cameroon, Central African, Republic Chad, Congo, Egypt, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Seychelles, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, AUSTRALASIA, and PACIFIC ISLANDS, Australia, Northern, Territory, Queensland, Western Australia, Papua New Guinea.

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Comparison of the morphology of the adult males of the rhizoecine, phenacoccine and pseudococcine mealybugs (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea), with the recognition of the family Rhizoecidae Williams

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.3291.1.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3291 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

CHRIS HODGSON

Keyword(s):

Adult Male ◽

Strong Support ◽

Scale Insects ◽

Adult Males ◽

Phenacoccus Solenopsis ◽

Maconellicoccus Hirsutus ◽

The Past ◽

Male Characters ◽

The Family ◽

Male Morphology

In the past, the morphology of adult males of Coccoidea has provided strong support for diagnosing the higher taxonstatus of scale insects (Coccoidea). In particular, studies on adult male morphology have produced some of the stron-gest evidence for considering the Putoidae and Eriococcidae (as then defined) as separate families from the Pseudo-coccidae. This paper uses adult male morphology to assess the relationships of the Pseudococcidae and the hypogaeicand myrmecophilous mealybugs. The latter most often are classified as a subfamily (Rhizoecinae) of the Pseudococ-cidae. In order to diagnose the latter taxa, the adult males of fifteen named species of hypogaeic rhizoecine mealybugs(Kissrhizoecus hungaricus Kozár & Konczné Benedicty, Rhizoecus cacticans (Hambleton), Rh. coffeae Laing, Rh.dianthi Green, Rh. falcifer Künckel d’Herculais, Rh. kazachstanus Matesova, Ripersiella cryphia (Williams), Ri.hibisci (Kawai & Takagi), Ri. kondonis (Kuwana), Ri. malschae (Williams), Ri. puhiensis (Hambleton), Capitisetellamigrans (Green) and Pseudorhizoecus proximus Green) plus two unidentified Ripersiella species are described. Inaddition, the adult males of a Xenococcus sp., three Eumyrmococcus spp. and two Neochavesia spp. are illustratedfrom previously published papers and the adult male of another Neochavesia sp. is described and illustrated. In orderto compare the diagnoses of the above taxa with that of adult males of Pseudococcidae (minus the Rhizoecinae), theadult males of two apterous pseudococcid mealybugs are described or redescribed: Asaphococcus agninus Cox andthe myrmecophilous Promyrmococcus dilli Williams, both belonging to the Pseudococcinae. In addition, threemacropterous Pseudococcidae, namely Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Phenacoccinae), Planococcus glaucus(Maskell) and Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Pseudococcinae) are also described and/or illustrated. Prior to thisstudy, the hypogaeic and myrmecophilous mealybugs generally were included in the subfamily Rhizoecinae of thePseudococcidae, with the hypogaeic mealybugs in tribe Rhizoecini and the myrmecophilous mealybugs in Xenococ-cini. Based on the present study and on phylogenetic data, it is concluded that the rhizoecine mealybugs form a sepa-rate family from the Pseudococcidae — Rhizoecidae Williams. This family is considered here to include twosubfamilies, Rhizoecinae Williams and Xenococcinae Tang. Based on adult male characters, there is little support forthe present generic divisions of the Rhizoecinae. Keys are given for separating the adult males of Rhizoecidae from those of Pseudococcidae, and for separating the known adult males within each subfamily.

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