scholarly journals A new database of on-road vehicle emission factors for Colombia: A case study of Bogotá

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhonathan Ramirez- Gamboa ◽  
Jorge Eduardo- Pachón ◽  
Oscar M. Casas- Leuro ◽  
Sandro Faruc- González
Keyword(s):  
Population Distribution ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Mobile Source ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Road Vehicle ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Vehicle Activity

Mobile sources contribute directly or indirectly with most of the atmospheric emissions in Colombian cities. Quantification of mobile source emissions rely on emission factors (EF) and vehicle activity. However, EF for vehicles in the country have not evolved at the same time as fleet renovation and fuel composition changes in the last few years. In fact, estimated EF before 2010 may not reflect the reduction of sulfur content in diesel and the renovation and deterioration of passenger vehicles; therefore, emission levels may be over or under estimated. To account for these changes, we have implemented the MOVES model in Bogota and obtained a new database of on-road vehicle emission factors. For this purpose, local information of activity rates, speed profiles, vehicle population distribution and age, meteorology and fuel composition was used. Emissions were estimated with these new set of EF and compared with previous inventories. We observed large reductions in SO2 (-87%), CO (-65%) and VOC (-62%) emissions from mobiles sources and lower reductions in NOx (-20%). Other pollutants such as PM2.5 (+15%) and CO2 (+28%) reported increases. This paper includes a new database of on-road vehicle emission factors for Bogota, which can be applied in other Colombian cities in the absence of local data.

Variability in Real-World Activity Patterns of Heavy-Duty Vehicles by Vocation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (9) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Scora ◽  
Kanok Boriboonsomsin ◽  
Thomas D. Durbin ◽  
Kent Johnson ◽  
Seungju Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Mobile Source ◽  
Vehicle Activity ◽  
Heavy Duty Vehicles

Vehicle activity is an integral component in the estimation of mobile source emissions and the study of emission inventories. In the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) model and the California Air Resources Board’s (CARB’s) Emission Factor (EMFAC) model, vehicle activity is defined for source types, in which vehicles within a source type are assumed to have the same activity. In both of these models, source types for heavy-duty vehicles are limited in number and the assumption that the activity within these source types is similar may be inaccurate. The focus of this paper is to improve vehicle emission estimates by improving characterization of heavy-duty vehicle activity using vehicle vocation. This paper presents results and analysis from the collection of real-world activity data of 90 vehicles from 19 vehicle categories made up from a combination of vehicle vocation, gross vehicle weight, and geographical area— namely, line haul—out of state; line haul—in state; drayage—Northern California; drayage—Southern California; agricultural—Southern Central Valley; heavy construction; concrete mixers; food distribution; beverage distribution; local moving; airport shuttle; refuse; urban buses; express buses; freeway work; sweeping; municipal work; towing; and utility repair. Results show that real-world activity patterns of heavy-duty vehicles vary greatly by vocation and in some cases by geographic region. Vocation-specific activity information can be used to update assumptions in EPA’s MOVES model or CARB’s EMFAC model to address this variability in emission inventory development.

Characterization of on-road vehicle emission factors and microenvironmental air quality in Beijing, China

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dane Westerdahl ◽  
Xing Wang ◽  
Xiaochuan Pan ◽  
K. Max Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Road Vehicle ◽  
Beijing China

Road vehicle emission factors development: A review

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 84-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Franco ◽  
Marina Kousoulidou ◽  
Marilena Muntean ◽  
Leonidas Ntziachristos ◽  
Stefan Hausberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Factors ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Road Vehicle

Long-term trends in nitrogen oxides concentrations and on-road vehicle emission factors in Copenhagen, London and Stockholm

2021 ◽  
pp. 118105
Author(s):  
Patricia Krecl ◽  
Roy M. Harrison ◽  
Christer Johansson ◽  
Admir C. Targino ◽  
David C. Beddows ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Road Vehicle ◽  
Long Term Trends

scholarly journals Cost effective determination of vehicle emission factors using on-road measurements

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 18715-18740 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hudda ◽  
S. Fruin ◽  
R. J. Delfino ◽  
C. Sioutas
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Diesel Emissions ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Vehicle Activity

Abstract. To evaluate the success of vehicle emissions regulations, trends in both fleet-wide average emissions as well as high-emitter emissions are needed, but it is challenging to capture the full spread of vehicle emission factors (EFs) with chassis dynamometer, tunnel or remote sensing studies. We developed an efficient and cost-effective method using real-time on-road pollutant measurements from a mobile platform, which when linked with real-time traffic data, allows calculating both the average and spread of EFs for light-duty gasoline-powered vehicles (LDV) and heavy-duty diesel-powered vehicles (HDV). This is the first study in California to report EFs under a wide range of real-driving conditions on multiple freeways and it captured much or most of the variability in EFs due to inter-vehicle differences. Fleet average LDV EFs were generally in agreement with most recent studies and an order of magnitude lower than HDV EFs, but over an order of magnitude or more spread was observed for both LDV and HDV EFs. HDV EFs reflected relatively rapid decreases occurring in diesel emissions in Los Angeles/California, and HDV EFs on I-710, a primary route used for goods movement and a focus of additional truck fleet turnover incentives, were lower than on other freeways. When freeway emission rates (ER) were quantified as the product of EF and vehicle activity rates per mile of freeway, ERs were found to be generally similar in magnitude. Despite a two- to three-fold difference in HDV fractions between freeways, higher LDV volumes largely offset this difference.

Vehicle emission inventories projection based on dynamic emission factors: A case study of Hangzhou, China

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (20) ◽  
pp. 4989-5002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyu Zhang ◽  
Junfei Xu ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Weili Tian ◽  
Hui Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Emission Factors ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Emission Inventories

On-Road Vehicle Emission and Activity Data Collection and Evaluation in Houston, Texas

2005 ◽  
Vol 1941 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengxiang Qiao ◽  
Lei Yu ◽  
Michal Vojtisek-Lom
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Road Vehicle ◽  
System Data ◽  
Vehicle Activity ◽  
Road Emission

The newly developed on-road emission measurement device OEM-2100 was used to collect emissions in the Houston, Texas, area. The device can measure second-by-second fuel consumption and emissions of nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and particulate matter. A total of 459.0 mi of on-road tests and 813.9 min of idling tests were conducted on three passenger cars and two trucks under 170 different test conditions (170 bags placed). Global Positioning System data were recorded simultaneously in line with the emission data. Data were analyzed by a six-step data processing procedure. The bag-based analysis indicated that vehicle emissions varied strongly, not only with vehicle activity data but also with roadway facility types and vehicle specifications. Spatial distributions of tested emissions illustrated how the emissions altered along the driving routes. The tested vehicle emissions were compared with the MOBILE6.2 estimates, and significant differences were found for all vehicles and for most testing conditions. Among the roadway facility types, the largest difference was on arterial roads, where the tested on-road emissions were higher than MOBILE6.2 estimates. As for idling conditions, the tested emissions were much higher than MOBILE6.2 estimates and indicates a need for further investigation of idling emissions. The large amount of emission and vehicle activity data collected initiated a useful database in Houston with promising potential uses. More on-road vehicle emission tests are necessary to obtain more accurate and reliable local vehicle emission individuality and to establish a richer on-road emission database.

scholarly journals THE RAILWAY NETWORK AND THE PROCESS OF POPULATION CONCENTRATION IN SPAIN, 1900-2001

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Franch-Auladell ◽  
Mateu Morillas-Torné ◽  
Jordi Martí-Henneberg
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Population Concentration ◽  
Central Hypothesis ◽  
Municipal Level

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a methodology for quantifying the territorial impact on population distribution of the railway. The central hypothesis is that access to railway services provides the best-connected areas with a long-term comparative advantage over others that are less accessible. Carrying out a historical analysis and providing comparable data at the municipal level allows us to determine the extent to which the railway has fostered the concentration of population within its immediate surroundings. The case study presented here is that of Spain between 1900 and 2001, but the same methodology could equally be applied to any other country for which the required data are available. In this case, key data included a Geographic Information System with information about both the development of the railway network and census data relating to total population at the municipal level. The results obtained suggest the relevance of this methodology, which makes it possible to identify the periods and areas in which this influence was most significant.

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