scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Biji Orok-Orok (Crotalaria juncea) sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Minyak Nabati dengan Metode Ekstraksi Padat-Cair

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Tiara Puspa Dwi Seta ◽  
Muhammad Muhammad ◽  
Masrullita Masrullita
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Undecanoic Acid ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Acid Methyl

ABSTRAKTanaman orok-orok atau Crotalaria juncea L adalah tanaman leguminosa yang termasuk ke dalam keluarga perdu dan semak  Biji orok-orok mengandung  12,6 % minyak dengan 46,8 % asam linoleat, 4,6 % asam linolenat, 28,3 % asam oleat dan 20,3% asam jenuh. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode ekstraksi padat-cair dengan pelarut etanol. Pada penelitian ini dioptimasi menggunakan RSM (Response Surface Methodology). Bahan baku yang digunakan adalah biji orok-orok dan etanol. Biji orok-orok dihaluskan menggunakan blender, kemudian dimasukkan dalam labu leher tiga untuk proses ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut etanol. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan memvariasikan berat sampel, suhu ekstraksi dan waktu ekstraksi. Dengan variasi berat sampel (70, 80,90 gram),  Suhu (55, 65 dan 75oC), Waktu (3,4 dan 5 jam). Setelah selesai ekstraksi larutan di saring menggunakan kertas saring. Selanjutnya dilakukan pemisahan antara minyak dan pelarut dengan proses destilasi. Pengujian yang dilakukan adalah uji densitas, yield, kadar FFA dan uji komposisi dengan alat GC-MS. Densitas terendah dihasilkan pada Suhu 75oC, berat sampel 70 dan waktu ekstraksi 4 jam sebesar 0,788 g/ml. Yield tertinggi dihasilkan pada suhu 65oC, berat sampel 90 gr dan waktu ekstraksi 3 jam sebesar 19,943 %. Kadar FFA terendah dihasilkan pada suhu 65oC , berat sampel 90 dan waktu 5 jam. RSM memberikan hasil optimasi terbaik pada suhu 75oC, berat sampel 89,64 gram dan waktu ekstraksu 3 jam dengan yield 19,943, densitas 0,89 gr/ml dan kadar FFA 1,2674 %. Dari hasil uji GC-MS diketahui bahwa minyak biji orok-orok mengandung methyl ester of undecanoic acid, 2-methylpentanoic acid, myristic acid methyl ester, methyl linolelaidate, 2-cyclopentylacetohydrazide dan 2-methylpentanoic acid.Kata Kunci : biji orok-orok, ekstraksi, densitas, yield, kadar FFA

scholarly journals EKSTRAKSI BIJI OROK-OROK (CROTALARIA JUNCEA) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT N-HEKSAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Mahyuni Marito Harahap ◽  
Azhari Azhari ◽  
Meriatna Meriatna ◽  
Suryati Suryati ◽  
Syamsul Bahri
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Undecanoic Acid ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Acid Methyl

AbstrakTanaman orok-orok (crotalaria juncea) adalah tanaman leguminosa yang termasuk kedalam keluarga perdu dan semak. Biji orok-orok dapat digunakan sebagai obat insomnia dan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan biodiesel karena mengandung 12,6 % minyak dengan 46,8 % asam linoleate. 4,6 % asam linolenat, 28,3 % asam oleat dan 20,3 % asam jenuh. Untuk mendapatkan minyak dari biji orok-orok yang akan digunakan sebagai bahan baku biodiesel dapat dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi padat-cair menggunakan pelarut N-Heksan. Pada penelitian ini bahan baku yang digunakan adalah biji orok-orok dan N-Heksan. Biji orok-orok dihaluskan menggunakan blender, kemudian dimasukkan dalam labu leher tiga untuk proses ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut N-Heksan. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan memvariasikan suhu ekstraksi dan volume pelarut dengan waktu ekstraksi 5 jam dan bahan baku sebanyak 100 gr. Setelah selesai ekstraksi larutan disaring menggunakan kertas saring. Selanjutnya dilakukan pemisahan antara minyak dan pelarut dengan proses destilasi. Pengujian yang dilakukan adalah uji densitas, yield, kadar FFA, viscositas, densitas dan uji komposisi dengan alat GC-MS. Densitas terendah dihasilkan pada suhu 500C, berat sampel 100 gr, waktu ekstraksi 5 jam dan volume pelarut sebanyak 400 ml sebesar 1 g/ml. Yield tertinggi dihasilkan pada suhu 600C, berat sampel 100 gr, volume pelarut 700 ml dan waktu ekstraksi 5 jam sebesar 35,52 %. Kadar FFA terendah dihasilkan pada suhu 500C, berat sampel 100 gr, volume pelarut 500 ml dan waktu 5 jam sebesar 1,39 %. Viscositas hasil terbaik yang didapatkan adalah pada volume 700 ml dengan waktu ekstraksi 5 jam menggunakan pelarut N-Heksan pada suhu 600c sebesar 1 cp. Dari hasil uji GC-MS diketahui bahwa minyak biji orok-orok mengandung methyl ester of undecanoic acid, 2-methylpentanoic acid, myristic acid methyl ester, methyl linolelaidate, 2-cyclopentylacetohydrazide dan 2-methylpentanoic acid. 

scholarly journals Response Surface Methodology for the Optimization of Coco Ethanolamide Production from Coconut Oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 3030-3036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuhrina Masyithah ◽  
Dinar Rajagukguk ◽  
Samuel Oktavianus Purba ◽  
Armansyah Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Amyl Alcohol ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Acid Methyl

Coco ethanolamide obtained from the amidation of Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) from coconut oil with monoethanolamine using zirconium (IV) chloride and tert-amyl alcohol was observed in this study. Several effective parameters were evaluated in term of catalyst concentration (5-9% w/wFAME), reaction temperature (80-100oC) and stirring speed (200-400 rpm). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize and to observe the interaction effects of the three variables on the FAME conversion. The capability of the process was measured from the number of FAME converted to coco ethanolamide. In the range of parameters evaluated, the conversion increase by increasing the catalyst concentration up to 9% (w/wFAME), but decreases after the optimum value. At the optimal condition, the model predicts a maximum FAME conversion of 86.27%, mainly due to a strong interaction between catalyst concentration and stirring speed.

The use of response surface methodology for improving fatty acid methyl ester profile of Scenedesmus vacuolatus

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (22) ◽  
pp. 27457-27469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atreyee Ghosh ◽  
Kanchan Samadhiya ◽  
Mrinal Kashyap ◽  
Vishal Anand ◽  
Pritam Sangwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Scenedesmus Vacuolatus ◽  
Acid Methyl

Derivate des Benzo[1.3]dioxols, 431 Über Benzo [1.3] dioxolcarbonsäuren / Derivatives of 1,3-Benzodioxoles, 43 1,3-Benzodioxolecarboxylic Acids

1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 465-471
Author(s):  
Franz Daliacker ◽  
Volker Mues ◽  
In-O Kim
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Good Yield ◽  
Acid Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Derivatives Of

Abstract We describe the possibilities of formation and preparation of the “natural” 1,3-benzodioxolecarboxylic acids 1, 2, 4, 6 b, and 7, already mentioned in literature. Myristic acid (3e) was prepared in good yield from 3-methoxy-4,5-dihydroxy-benzoic acid ester (3c) , which could be easily made from 3-methoxy-2,3-carbonyldioxy-benzoic acid methylester (3b). Myristicic acid methylester (3d) could be subjected to methylation and hydrolysis leading to 3e without any difficulties. 4.6-dimethoxy-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carboxylic acid (5b) was prepared in good yields by oxidation of 4,6-dimethoxy-1,3-benzodioxole-5-aldehyde (5a). 5.7-dimethoxy-1,3-benzodioxole-carboxylic acid (13f), one of the “unnatural” 1,3-benzodioxolecarboxylic acids, derivatives of o-ipiperonylic acid (8), was prepared from 5-amino-7-methoxy-1,3- benzodioxole-4carboxylic acid methyl ester (13b) by diazotisation, elimination of nitrogen, methylation, and hydrolysis. A comparison of our measured pkA-values showed the strongest acidity belonging to 5,6-dimethoxy-1,3-benzodioxole-4-carbocylic acid (11).

scholarly journals Cu2+ Montmorillonite K10 Clay Catalyst as a Green Catalyst for Production of Stearic Acid Methyl Ester: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enas A. Almadani ◽  
Farah W. Harun ◽  
Salina M. Radzi ◽  
Syamsul K. Muhamad
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Montmorillonite K10 ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Stearic Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Clay Catalyst

Clay catalyst has received much attention to replace the homogeneous catalysts in the esterification reaction to produce fatty acid methyl ester as the source of biodiesel as it is low cost, easily available, as well as environmental friendly. However, the use of unmodified clay, in particular montmorillonite K10 (MMT K10), for the esterification of fatty acids showed that the acid conversion was less than 60% and this is not preferable to the production of biodiesel. In this study, synthesis of stearic acid methyl ester using Cu2+-MMT K10 (Cu-MMT K10) was successfully optimized via response surface methodo-logy (RSM) based on 3-variable of Box-Behnken design (BB). The parameters were; reaction time (5-180 minutes), reaction temperature (80-120 oC) and concentration of Cu2+ in MMT K10 (0.25-1 M). The use of RSM in optimizing the conversion of stearic acid was successfully developed as the actual experimental conversion of stearic acid was found similar to the actual values under the optimum conditions. The model equation predicted that the following conditions would generate the maximum conversion of stearic acid (87.05 %reaction time of 62 minutes, a reaction temperature of 80 oC and catalyst used is 1.0 M Cu-MMT K10. This finding can be considered as green catalytic process as it worked at moderate reaction temperature using low cost clay catalyst with a short reaction time. Copyright © 2018 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 26th July 2017; Revised: 13rd January 2018; Accepted: 13rd January 2018; Available online: 22nd January 2018; Published regularly: 2nd April 2018How to Cite: Almadani, E.A., Harun, F.W., Radzi, S.M., Muhamad, S.K. (2018). Cu2+ Montmorillonite K10 Clay Catalyst as a Green Catalyst for Production of Stearic Acid Methyl Ester: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 13 (1): 187-195 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.13.1.1397.187-195) 

scholarly journals Optimization of Supercritical CO2 Natural Dye Extraction from Brown Seaweed (Sargassum Sp.) via Response Surface Methodology

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.11) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Nabila Talib ◽  
Mohd Rozi Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Ismail Ab Kadir ◽  
Khudzir Ismail ◽  
Ahmad Faiz Che Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Perturbation Plot

This paper discusses the effects of two main parameters (pressure and temperature) in supercritical carbon dioxideextraction of Sargassum sp. through response surface methodology (RSM). Perturbation plot shown significant effects of all process parameters on the yield of extract. An experimental design software was designated to achieve optimization on the process situations pertaining maximum extraction yield. The optimal conditions perceived were at pressure of 4500 psi and temperature of 65°C. The highest yield of extract achieved was 2.7 mg-extract/g-dried sample under the optimum conditions. The yield of extract was then further analysed via Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) and it was found that Sargassum sp. contains sterols, pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl ester, 9-Hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester and phytol which are the constituents of bioactive compounds and antimicrobial properties.  

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