scholarly journals The restrictions of human rights – COVID-19 pandemic and ethical issue

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (154) ◽  
pp. 281-289
Author(s):  
Lukáš SIEGEL ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Philosophical Texts ◽  
Rights Issues

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to analyze some of the most significant ethical and human rights impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis aims to demonstrate the failures of many political decision that lead to restriction and limitation of human rights. Design/methodology/approach: We analyze various documents, reports and news articles that provide essential information about the different governmental restrictions that may lead to controversial human rights issues. We also use some philosophical texts to support our theoretical basis for the defence of human rights. Overall, we aim to find some of the groups that were vulnerable during COVID-19 pandemic and describe some of the human rights concerns and ethical issues. Social implications: We hope that our article will impact political regulations and restrictions that can have severe human rights implications. We also hope to inspire citizens, scientists and politicians to uphold and protect human rights and dignity during COVID-19 pandemic. Findings: In our article, we have found that many countries had problems with creating rules, restriction and regulations that are upholding and protecting human rights or did not have ethical implications. We have also found that many vulnerable groups were disadvantaged because regulations did not take into account their precarious position. Originality/value: We have analyzed the ongoing ethical and human rights problems with the COVID-19 pandemic because we believe that they present some of the most fundamental challenges to our society. Our analysis tries to demonstrate some of the most fundamental human rights issues and proposes to address these issues to avoid any future failures.

scholarly journals Linguistic means to expose the human rights aspect of citizens’ surveillance

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Elena S. Danilova ◽  
Elena V. Pupynina ◽  
Yulia A. Drygina ◽  
Vladimir S. Pugach ◽  
Oxana V. Markelova
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Facial Recognition ◽  
Controversial Issue ◽  
Rights Issues ◽  
Linguistic Means

The paper focuses on English lexemes used in mass media publications about a new security development. The use of artificial intelligence for facial recognition and enhanced surveillance of citizens pose several ethical issues discussed in major broadsheet newspapers. Studies into the evaluation as a cognitive category have been used as the theoretical basis of the research. The contexts revealed lexical units displaying evaluation of surveillance and human rights issues. The lexemes fall within three semantic groups. Negative connotations are connected with personal experience or associations, as well as with human rights breaches, while advantages tend to be described with verbs denoting purpose. The use of AI is a highly controversial issue that deserves cross-disciplinary consideration.

International Business Ethics: The Aluminum Companies in Jamaica

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Velasquez
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
International Business ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Moral Rights ◽  
Microeconomic Theory ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
International Business Ethics ◽  
Rights Issues

Abstract:I evaluate the adequacy of the three models of international business ethics that have been recently proposed by Thomas Donaldson, Gerard Elfstrom and Richard De George. Using the example of the conduct of the aluminum companies in Jamaica, I argue that these three models fail to address the most important of the ethical issues encountered by multinationals because they focus too narrowly on human rights issues and on utilitarian considerations. In addition I argue that these models also evidence an inadequate understanding of microeconomic theory. I end by proposing that these defects can be remedied by a model of ethics that incorporates a theory of moral rights, a utilitarian-based theory of the market, and a theory of justice.

scholarly journals Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Bernd Carsten Stahl
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Ethical Approach ◽  
Rights Issues

AbstractThe introductory chapter describes the motivation behind this book and provides a brief outline of the main argument. The book offers a novel categorisation of artificial intelligence that lends itself to a classification of ethical and human rights issues raised by AI technologies. It offers an ethical approach based on the concept of human flourishing. Following a review of currently discussed ways of addressing and mitigating ethical issues, the book analyses the metaphor of AI ecosystems. Taking the ecosystems metaphor seriously allows the identification of requirements that mitigation measures need to fulfil. On the basis of these requirements the book offers a set of recommendations that allow AI ecosystems to be shaped in ways that promote human flourishing.

A comparison of ethical issues in nursing practice across nursing units

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 594-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihyun Park ◽  
Sang Hee Jeon ◽  
Hyun-Ja Hong ◽  
Sung-Hyun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
Rights Issues

Background: The complexity and variety of ethical issues in nursing is always increasing, and those issues lead to special concerns for nurses because they have critical impacts on nursing practice. Research objectives: The purpose of this study was to gather comprehensive information about ethical issues in nursing practice, comparing the issues in different types of nursing units including general units, oncology units, intensive care units, operating rooms, and outpatient departments. Research design: The study used a descriptive research design. Ethics/human rights issues encountered by nurses in their daily nursing practice were identified by using the Ethical Issues Scale. Participants: The study sample included 993 staff nurses working in a university hospital in South Korea. Ethical considerations: This study was approved by the University Institutional Review Board. Completed questionnaires were returned sealed with signed informed consent. Findings: The most frequently and disturbingly encountered issues across nursing units were “conflicts in the nurse–physician relationship,” “providing care with a possible risk to your health,” and “staffing patterns that limit patient access to nursing care.” The findings of this study showed that nurses from different nursing units experienced differences in the types or frequency of ethical issues. In particular, intensive care units had the greatest means of all the units in all three component scales including end-of-life treatment issues, patient care issues, and human rights issues. Discussion: Nurses experienced various ethical challenges in their daily practice. Of the ethical issues, some were distinctively and frequently experienced by nurses in a specific unit. Conclusion: This study suggested that identifying and understanding specific ethical issues faced by nurses in their own areas may be an effective educational approach to motivate nurses and to facilitate nurses’ reflection on their experiences.

9. The end of life

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Samanta ◽  
Ash Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Assisted Suicide ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Minimally Conscious State ◽  
Conscious State ◽  
Assisted Death ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Sanctity Of Life ◽  
Mental Capacity Act

Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. This chapter deals with key legal and ethical issues surrounding end-of-life decisions, with particular reference to physician-assisted death such as euthanasia. Suicide and assisted suicide, administration of pain relief, and futility are considered. Relevant legislation such as the Suicide Act 1961 (as amended by the Coroners and Justice Act 2009), the Human Rights Act 1998, and the Mental Capacity Act 2005 are discussed. The chapter examines several bioethical principles, including sanctity-of-life and quality-of-life debates; autonomy, beneficence, and medical paternalism; personhood, palliative care, and the double effect doctrine. Finally, it considers human rights issues, treatment requests, incompetent patients, and the concept of the minimally conscious state and locked-in syndrome. Recent cases are cited.

Crime-Preventing Neurointerventions and the Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Forsberg
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Medical Law ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Mental Health Legislation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Legal Regimes ◽  
Health Legislation

Anti-libidinal interventions (ALIs) are a type of crime-preventing neurointervention (CPN) already in use in many jurisdictions. This chapter examines different types of legal regimes under which ALIs might be provided to sex offenders. The types of legal regimes examined are dedicated statutes that directly provide for ALI use, consensual ALI provision under general medical law principles, mental health legislation providing for ALI use (exemplified by the mental health regime in England and Wales), and European human rights law as it pertains to ALI provision. The chapter considers what we might learn from ALIs in respect of likely or possible arrangements for the provision of other CPNs, and draws attention to some ethical issues raised by each of these types of regime, worth keeping in mind when considering arrangements for CPN provision.

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