scholarly journals ESTIMATION ON THE RADIOLOGICAL LEVEL OF NATURAL OCCURRING RADIONUCLIDES PRESENT IN FLOODED SOIL SAMPLES IN KADUNA NORTH, NIGERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
P.M. Gyuk ◽  
J.O. Anaegbu ◽  
H.O. Aboh ◽  
R. Daniel ◽  
A. Aruwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Radium Equivalent

The background radiation of the areas was collected at random for each point using a rados survey meter. The detectors (two rados survey meter were used) were placed 1 meter above the ground with the operator positioned a few meters away. Three (3) readings were taking from each detector in other to reduce error or reach accuracy in obtaining the background readings from each randomly selected point where soil samples were later collected. In the current study, the concentration levels of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) of 40K, 232Th, and 238U in the surface soil samples of selected areas in kigo road new extension Kaduna north, Kaduna in Nigeria were studied. The collected soil samples were analyzed by means of gamma-ray spectrometry. The mean activity concentrations of the natural occurring radionuclides of  226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the soil samples were estimated to be 62, 78.35, 227.17 Bq/kg respectively for kigo road new extension respectively. Radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent were also calculated for assessment of radiological risk. External hazard value (Hex) is between 0.3163 and 0.9557 and Internal hazard value is between 0.4462 and 1.1618. The worldwide average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in soil samples from various studies around the world have values of 37, 30 and 400 Bq/kg respectively [UNSCEAR, 2000]. The values compared well with published data from UNSCEAR shows Ra-226, Th-232 from the location are well above the standards while K-40 below the risk value.

ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY LEVELS AND RADIOLOGICAL HAZARDS IN BUILDING MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-321
Author(s):  
Fei Tuo ◽  
Xuan Peng ◽  
Qiang Zhou ◽  
Jing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radiological Hazards ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Radioactivity Levels

Abstract Radioactivity of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were measured in a total of 92 samples, including eight commonly used types of building materials that were obtained from local manufacturers and suppliers in Beijing. Concentrations were determined using high-purity germanium gamma-ray spectrometry. The 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K activity concentrations in all samples varied from 10.1 to 661, 3.3 to 555 and 3.2 to 2945 Bq per kg with an average of 127.8, 114.8, and 701.5 Bq per kg, respectively. The potential radiological hazards were estimated by calculating the absorbed dose rate (D), radium equivalent activity (Raeq), external hazard (Hex), and internal hazard (Hin) indices. The investigated building materials were classified into different types according to the radioactivity levels. Results from this research will provide a reference for the acquisition, sales, and use of building materials. Attention should be paid to the use of coal cinder brick, ceramic, and granite in the construction of dwellings.

Distribution of natural radioactivity and radiological hazard using a NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectrometric system

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-333
Author(s):  
M Abu Shayeb ◽  
A Majid ◽  
S Zobidi
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Naturally Occurring Radionuclides ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Spectrometric System

The concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K are measured in the material collected from two locations. The collected materials are analyzed using gamma-ray spectrometry. The activity concentration of the naturally occurring radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in building material varies from 12.6 to 121.4, 13.6 to 142, and 69.5 to 620.6 Bq kg−1, respectively. The radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose, and hazard index are also calculated.

scholarly journals Natural Radioactivity Levels and Estimation of Radiation Exposure in Agricultural Soils from Skopje City Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Angjeleska ◽  
Elizabeta Dimitrieska-Stojkovic ◽  
Zehra Hajrulai-Musliu ◽  
Radmila Črčeva-Nikolovska ◽  
Boško Boškovski
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
City Region ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Activity Concentrations

The aim of this study was to determine the activity concentrations of naturally occurring radioisotopes 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in 14 soil samples collected in the Skopje city surrounding, and to calculate the corresponding absorbed gamma dose rates. The radionuclides were measured applying a high purity Ge detector gamma-ray spectrometer with relative efficiency of 30 % at 1.33 MeV. The activity concentrations found in 14 soil samples varied in the range 24.1-41.9 Bq kg-1for 226Ra, 38.5-52.2 Bq kg-1 for 232Th, and 502-707 Bq kg-1 for40K. The mean radium equivalent (Raeq), for the area under investigation, was 143±16 Bq kg-1, while the outdoor radiation hazard index (Hex) was 0.39. The total absorbed dose rate due to three primordial radionuclides investigated lay in the range 55.3 - 79.0 nGy h-1 with mean value of 68.1±7.7 nGy h-1, yielding a total annual effective dose of (83.5±9.5) µSv y-1. The assessed radiological factors were lower than the recommended values, indicating low radiological health risk for the population living and working in the investigated area. The activity concentrations of radionuclides in soil samples were compared to the international values reported by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation and previous studies on geographically close areas and some worldwide regions. 

scholarly journals Ground radiometric mapping of Ondo State Nigeria using gamma ray spectrometry and geographic information system

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
S.T. Gbenu ◽  
O.W. Makinde ◽  
E. Ajenifuja ◽  
S.F. Olukotun ◽  
M.K . Fasasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Kriging Interpolation ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Kriging Interpolation Method ◽  
Ondo State

The activity concentrations of U, Th and K in the soil samples of Ondo State, Nigeria, were determined using gamma spectrometry technique and the associated dose rates were calculated. The Kriging interpolation method was used to create the activity concentrations predictive maps of Ondo State with the aid of ArcGIS software. The validity of the predicted map values was established through validation and cross validation 238 processes. The activity concentrations ranged from 19.15±0.90 – 83.70±3.59 Bq/kg for U, 8.01±0.39 – 232 40 114.48±2.48 Bq/kg for Th and 2.75±0.13 – 501.98±24.56 for K. The absorbed dose rate was found to range -1 -1 from 39.39±0.21 to 177.24±5.23 nGyh with an average value of 90.94±3.13 nGyh . The predicted map obtained compares well with published values for the region. The root mean squared standardized errors 238 232 40 obtained were 1.021194, 1.024182 and 0.998373 for U, Th and K, respectively. These validated the appropriateness of the model used and the accuracy of the predicted values. Keywords: Soil, Radioactivity; Geographic Information Systems; Map; Gamma Ray Spectrometry

scholarly journals Determination the Natural Radioactivity Levels at Selected Regions in Al-Najaf Governorate

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Nada M. Hasan ◽  
◽  
Jamal K. Alsaedi ◽  
Salam K. Alnasri ◽  
Ali A. Abdulhasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Germanium Detector ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Radioactivity Levels

The natural radioactivity levels for radium(226Ra), thorium (232Th) and potassium (40K) have been determined in soil samples selected from different regions in Najaf governorate in Iraq. The samples were collected from the ground surface. Eight samples were measured by gamma ray spectroscopy using high purity germanium detector. The levelsof radionuclides concentrations in selected samples 232Th, 226Ra and 40K were in the range of (2.5±0.29 to 7.7±0.52) Bq/kg (6.3±0.43 to 16.4±1.9) Bq/kg and (31.5±3.4 to 204.1±11.9) Bq/kg for, respectively. The mean Radium Equivalent Activity, External and Internal Hazard Indices, the Absorbed Dose Rate in Air and the Annual Effective Doses Equivalent were studied and found these parameter are less than the reported values. Therefore, the radioactivity in the studied area in Najaf does not pose any radiological hazard to the general public.

scholarly journals Measurement of background radiation, cosmic ray flux and their hazard parameter of Baghdad city districts

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (31) ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Shafik S. Shafik
Keyword(s):  
Background Radiation ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Cosmic Ray Flux

The aim of this work was directed to measure the cosmic ray (CR)flux and the background (BG) absorbed dose rate for districts ofBaghdad city. The maximum values of CR flux was 2.01(particle/cm2.s) registered for several Baghdad districts and theminimum was 0.403 (particle/cm2.s) belonging to Al-kadhimiyadistrict, whereas the overall average value was 1.24 (particle/cm2.s).The BG measurements showed that the maximum absorbed dose was25 nSv/h belonging to Noab AL-Dhbat district and the minimumabsorbed was 19.01 nSv/h observed in Al-Ghadeer district, whilethe overall average was 22.56 nSv/h, and this value is small than theIraqi permissible limit, which is restricted by Iraqi Center ofRadiation Protection.The hazard indices, radium equivalent activity (Raeq), absorbed dose(D), external annual effective dose (EAD), internal hazard index(Hin), and external hazard index (Hext), of TBG, were estimated andall the values of these indices are within the allowed internationallimits.

scholarly journals Radioactivity of soil in Croatia II: 137Cs, 40K, and absorbed dose rate

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Marko Šoštarić ◽  
Branko Petrinec ◽  
Mak Avdić ◽  
Ljerka Petroci ◽  
Milica Kovačić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
External Exposure ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Uncultivated Soil

Abstract We took samples of uncultivated soil from the surface layer (0–10 cm) at 138 sites from all over Croatia and measured their radionuclide activity concentrations with high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. This second part of our report brings the results on 40K and 137Cs to complement those on the 232Th and 238U decay chains addressed in the first part. Together they give the most complete picture of radioactivity of Croatian soil so far. Activity concentrations of 40K were the highest in the Pannonian region, and there was an opposite trend for 137Cs. We found that the concentrations of 137Cs tended to increase with altitude, annual precipitation, and vegetation density. The concentration ratio of 137Cs and K in soil, which indicates the potential for 137Cs entering food chains via uptake by plants, was the lowest in agriculturally important areas in the east of the Pannonian region. In addition, we used the obtained results on activity concentrations to calculate the related absorbed dose rate as a measure of external exposure to ionising radiation from soil. The sum of the absorbed dose rates for naturally occurring radionuclides and 137Cs showed that external exposure was generally the highest in the Dinaric region and Istrian Peninsula.

scholarly journals Assessment of Natural Radioactivity and Radiation Hazard in Soil Samples of Rajbari District of Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Khatun ◽  
AHM Saadat ◽  
MM Ahasan ◽  
S Akter
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
The World

Rajbari district of Bangladesh, have been studied and possible health effect were estimated. The experiment has been done by using gamma ray spectrometry system consisting of a HPGe detector coupled with MCA and associate electronics. The average natural radioactivities of 238U, 232Th and 40K have been measured as 29.03±5.67 Bq/kg, 50.91±10.17 Bq/kg and 535.32±89.19 Bq/kg respectively. To estimate health effect due to the activity of those radionuclides, the radium equivalent activity (Raeq), external hazard index (Hex), absorbed dose rate (D) and effective dose have been calculated and compared to the world average values. The results are also compared with the literature values reported for other regions of the world and found that the soil of the study area are not hazards by the radiation and does not pose any harmful effect to the environment. The outcome of this study may provide valuable information about radiation hazard and also may take part in the monitoring of environmental radioactivity. Jahangirnagar University Environmental Bulletin, Vol.2, 1-8, 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jueb.v2i0.16324

Radioactivity concentrations and dose assessments of therapeutic peloids from some Turkish spas

Clay Minerals ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muazzez Çelik Karakaya ◽  
Mahmut Doğru ◽  
Necati Karakaya ◽  
Hasibe Cingilli Vural ◽  
Fatih Kuluöztürk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometer ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Gonadal Dose ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Average Activity ◽  
Dose Assessments

AbstractThe activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in peloids were studied to assess the radiologic hazard from 18 Turkish spas. The peloids are mainly used for therapeutic treatments, rheumatic diseases and aesthetic purposes. The concentrations of the natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs were determined with a gamma ray spectrometer using a HPGe detector. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs in the peloids studied were 110.69, 71.52, 576.48 and 0.447 Bq/kg, respectively. The radium equivalent activities in the peloid samples ranged from 63.3 to 766.77 Bq/kg. The absorbed dose rate (Dout) varied between 37.52 and 330.67 nGy/h and most of the observed spa doses are greater than the worldwide recommended values. The annual effective dose values range from 0.26 to 2.78 μSv/y. The annual gonadal dose equivalents of the samples vary from 224.07 to 2283.55 with a mean of 821.99 μSv/y.

Natural radioactivity in some building materials and assessment of the associated radiation hazards

2018 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Amira Kasumović ◽  
Ema Hankić ◽  
Amela Kasić ◽  
Feriz Adrović
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radiation Hazards ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometer ◽  
Radioactive Nuclides ◽  
Specific Activities

AbstractThe results of the specific activities of232Th,226Ra and40K measured in samples of commonly used building materials in Bosnia and Herzegovina are presented. Measurements were performed by gamma-ray spectrometer with coaxial HPGe detector. The surface radon exhalation and mass exhalation rates for selected building materials were also measured. The determined values of specific activities were in range from 3.16±0.81 Bq kg−1to 64.79±6.16 Bq kg−1for232Th, from 2.46±0.95 Bq kg−1to 53.89 ±3.67 Bq kg−1for226Ra and from 28.44±7.28 Bq kg−1to 557.30±93.38 Bq kg−1for40K. The radium equivalent activity, the activity concentration index, the external and internal hazard indices as well as the absorbed dose rate in indoor air and the corresponding annual effective dose, due to gamma-ray emission from the radioactive nuclides in the building material, were evaluated in order to assess the radiation hazards for people. The measured specific activities of the natural radioactive nuclides in all investigated building materials were compared with the published results for building materials from other European countries. It can be noted that the results from this study are similar to the data for building materials from neighbouring countries and for building materials used in the EU Member States. The radiological hazard parameters of the building materials were all within the recommended limits for safety use.

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