Pengolahan Nitrifikasi Limbah Amonia dan Denitrifikasi Limbah Fosfat dengan Biofilter Tercelup

ABSTRACTWater pollution is a problem that often arises and gives a serious impact to the environment. Therefore, it should be reduced by conventional methods or modern methods. The submerged biofilter is a biological waste treatment plant that utilizing microorganisms grown in a packing medium. The advantages of submerged biofilter as a waste treatment plant are easy to use and low energy consumption so the operational cost is cheaper. This study aims to determine the operational parameters of the submerged biofilter and to develop a model that can be used to estimate the rate of elimination of each pollutant using nitrification reactor for ammonia and denitrification reactor for phosphate. The experiments were conducted with draining the wastewater in a cylindrical bio-filter column in which the hight is 90 cm. At first, the microorganism was grown for two weeks with the residence time of one day. Furthermore, the wastewater removals are conducted with hydraulic loading rate (HLR) variation of 0.44; 0.55; 0.74; 1.11; 1.66; 2.21; and 3.32 m3/m2/day. Then the effluent from the outlet is analyzed using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The results showed that the optimum ammonia and phosphate removal was obtained in 0.44 m3/m2/day for ammonia removal and 1.66 m3/m2/day for phosphate removal. While the removal of ammonia and phosphate percentage from both conditions are 97.41% and 27.16% respectively. The changes of HLR will give an effect on substrate reduction rate (SRR), and the percentage of substrate removal. The model developed based on efficiency factors presented a good approach to represent the concentration of substrate effluent at various HLR. Keywords: wasteswater, nitrification, denitrification, submerged biofilter ABSTRAKPencemaran air merupakan permasalahan yang sering muncul dan berpengaruh serius pada lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan usaha yang berkelanjutan untuk dapat mengurangi dampak dari pencemaran tersebut, baik dengan cara-cara konvensional maupun inovasi teknologi terbaru. Biofilter tercelup (submerged biofilter) adalah suatu alat pengolah limbah secara biologi dengan memanfaatkan mikroorganisme yang ditumbuhkan dalam media packing di dalamnya. Kelebihan penggunaan biofilter tercelup sebagai alat pengolah air limbah adalah pengelolaannya yang mudah dan konsumsi energi yang rendah sehingga biaya operasionalnya murah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui parameter operasional biofilter tercelup dan mengembangkan model untuk memperkirakan laju penyisihan setiap polutan menggunakan reaktor nitrifikasi untuk limbah amonia dan reaktor denitrifikasi untuk fosfat. Percobaan dilakukan dengan mengalirkan limbah pada sebuah kolom biofilter berbentuk silinder dengan ketinggian 90 cm. Pada mulanya mikroorganisme ditumbuhkan dengan mengalirkan limbah selama dua minggu dengan waktu tinggal cairan satu hari. Selanjutnya dilakukan penyisihan limbah dengan variasi kecepatan beban hidrolik (HLR) sebesar 0,44; 0,55; 0,74; 1,11; 1,66; 2,21; dan 3,32 m3/m2/hari. Effluent dari keluaran reaktor kemudian dianalisis menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum penyisihan amonia dan fosfat adalah 0,44 m3/m2/hari untuk penyisihan amonia dan 1,66 m3/m2/hari untuk penyisihan fosfat. Persentase removal amonia dan fosfat dari kedua kondisi tersebut berturut-turut sebesar 97,41% dan 27,16%. Perubahan HLR berpengaruh terhadap kecepatan penyisihan limbah (SRR), dan persentase limbah tersisihkan. Model yang dikembangkan berdasarkan faktor efisiensi memberikan hasil yang cukup baik untuk merepresentasikan besarnya konsentrasi effluent limbah pada berbagai variasi HLRKata kunci: limbah cair, nitrikasi, denitrifikasi, biofilter tercelup

Download Full-text

Evaluating Risk After a Hazardous Waste Treatment Plant Released Persistent Organic Pollutants: Part 3, Aboriginal Health Risk and Impact

Case Studies in the Environment ◽

10.1525/cse.2018.001099 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tee L. Guidotti

Keyword(s):

Health Risk ◽

Organic Pollutants ◽

Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Aboriginal Health ◽

Treatment Center ◽

Hazardous Waste Treatment ◽

Waste Treatment Plant ◽

Health Canada

On 16 October 1996, a malfunction at the Swan Hills Special Waste Treatment Center (SHSWTC) in Alberta, Canada, released an undetermined quantity of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) into the atmosphere, including polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, and furans. The circumstances of exposure are detailed in Part 1, Background and Policy Issues. An ecologically based, staged health risk assessment was conducted in two parts with two levels of government as sponsors. The first, called the Swan Hills Study, is described in Part 2. A subsequent evaluation, described here in Part 3, was undertaken by Health Canada and focused exclusively on Aboriginal residents in three communities living near the lake, downwind, and downstream of the SHSWTC of the area. It was designed to isolate effects on members living a more traditional Aboriginal lifestyle. Aboriginal communities place great cultural emphasis on access to traditional lands and derive both cultural and health benefits from “country foods” such as venison (deer meat) and local fish. The suspicion of contamination of traditional lands and the food supply made risk management exceptionally difficult in this situation. The conclusion of both the Swan Hills and Lesser Slave Lake studies was that although POPs had entered the ecosystem, no effect could be demonstrated on human exposure or health outcome attributable to the incident. However, the value of this case study is in the detail of the process, not the ultimate dimensions of risk. The findings of the Lesser Slave Lake Study have not been published previously and are incomplete.

Download Full-text

The Impact of a Chemostat Discharge Containing Oil Degrading Bacteria on the Biological Kinetics of a Refinery Activated Sludge Process

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1988.0276 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 20 (11-12) ◽

pp. 131-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. D. Wong ◽

C. D. Goldsmith

Keyword(s):

Activated Sludge ◽

Retention Time ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Utilization Rate ◽

Activated Sludge Process ◽

Kinetic Evaluation ◽

Degrading Bacteria ◽

Waste Treatment Plant ◽

The Impact

The effect of discharging specific oil degrading bacteria from a chemostat to a refinery activated sludge process was determined biokinetically. Plant data for the kinetic evaluation of the waste treatment plant was collected before and during treatment. During treatment, the 500 gallon chemostatic growth chamber was operated on an eight hour hydraulic retention time, at a neutral pH, and was fed a mixture of refinery wastewater and simple sugars. The biokinetic constants k (days−1), Ks (mg/L), and K (L/mg-day) were determined before and after treatment by Monod and Lineweaver-Burk plots. Solids discharged and effluent organic concentrations were also evaluated against the mean cell retention time (MCRT). The maximum utilization rate, k, was found to increase from 0.47 to 0.95 days−1 during the operation of the chemostat. Subsequently, Ks increased from 141 to 556 mg/L. Effluent solids were shown to increase slightly with treatment. However, this was acceptable due to the polishing pond and the benefit of increased ability to accept shock loads of oily wastewater. The reason for the increased suspended solids in the effluent was most likely due to the continual addition of bacteria in exponential growth that were capable of responding to excess substrate. The effect of the chemostatic addition of specific microbial inocula to the refinery waste treatment plant has been to improve the overall organic removal capacity along with subsequent gains in plant stability.

Download Full-text

A Centralized Hazardous Waste Treatment Plant: The Facilities of the Zvsmm at Schwabach as an Example

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1994.0416 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (8) ◽

pp. 235-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Norbert Amsoneit

Keyword(s):

Hazardous Waste ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Waste Incinerator ◽

Physical Plant ◽

Treatment Centre ◽

Hazardous Waste Treatment ◽

Waste Treatment Plant ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Inorganic Waste

As a rule, hazardous waste needs a pre-treatment, either a thermal or a chemical-physical one, before it can be disposed of at a landfill. The concentration of different kinds of treatment facilities at a Centralized Hazardous Waste Treatment Plant is advantageous. The facility of the ZVSMM at Schwabach is presented as an outstanding example of this kind of Treatment Centre. The infrastructure, the chemical-physical plant with separate lines for the treatment of organic and inorganic waste and the hazardous waste incinerator are described. Their functions are discussed in detail. Emphasis is laid on handling the residues produced by the different treatment processes and the final disposal.

Download Full-text