scholarly journals PLC Based Load Sharing of Transformers

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Iqra Rana ◽  
Murtaza Ali ◽  
Faheem Shafeeque Channar ◽  
Munsif Ali ◽  
Mustafa Memon
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Load Sharing ◽  
Heating Effect ◽  
Voltage Fluctuations ◽  
Insulation Failure ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Problems

The transformer is very expensive and bulky power system equipment. It runs and feed the load for 24 hours a day. Sometimes the load on the transformer unexpectedly rises above its rated capacity in that situation the load on the transformer increases and it will be overloaded and current will increase and cause overheating which in results damage the insulation of transformer. That insulation failure resulting in interruption of power supply. The common problems which transformer face is overloading voltage fluctuations and heating effect. It takes lot of time to fix the transformer so that a device need to be introduced a device which would help in automatically sharing of these over voltages. We will try to build an automated transformer sharing system in this project where the transformer current is confined to auxiliary transformer and automatically enters system. There are three transformers working as sources in this project, initially when the main switched ON the load that time load will be shared through the first transformer but when the load on first transformer suddenly increase above its reference value then immediately second transformer connected parallel with first transformer automatically through PLC by busing relay circuit.

The Contrast between the Models’ in PSD-BPA and those in PSASP

2012 ◽  
Vol 614-615 ◽  
pp. 1055-1064
Author(s):  
Chang You Yan ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Jing Jing Lu
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Power Flow Calculation ◽  
Power System Analysis ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
The Difference

Both PSD-BPA and PSASP are all important power system analysis tools. The aim in this paper is the models’ contrast and studing the difference between PSD-BPA and PSASP. First by the models contrast, the experience will be summed up. The method of model contrast is to deduce the transfer functions in order to find the differences of transfer functions between PSD-BPA and PSASP, so as to analyze the difference. After the research work, the discussion and study on the common problems will be taken and the rational advice will be put forward in the power flow calculation. The common problems in the transient calculation will be expounded, and the result will be tabled in order that these contents are obvious at a glance. At last the conclusion will be brought forward and some pieces of advice will be summed up.

scholarly journals Research regarding the common problems of design of the bunkers – A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
pp. 03024
Author(s):  
Ancuta Alexandra Petre ◽  
Mariana Mădălina Stanciu ◽  
Dumitru Bogdan Mihalache ◽  
Dragoș Dumitru
Keyword(s):  
Granular Material ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Granular Flow ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Suitable Power ◽  
Considerable Damage

Understanding the behavior of granular material in a bunker not only helps to design properly and achieve the correct granular flow, but also needs the engineer to ensure that the bunker is properly designed and conducted to withstand the tasks and demands exercised during its operation. Small and shallow bunkers are commonly used in industry when free space is limited. Shallow bunkers induce the flow of the funnel, which can cause problems such as segregation and agglomeration of the material inside it, which leads to considerable damage to the final product. The design and location of a suitable power supply and an appropriate outlet is still critical and is perceived rather as a science. The paper presents some innovative solutions related to the design, modeling and construction of solid material storage and unloading bunkers.

Applying Possessive pronoun in Writing Sentences: Exploring Students’ Ability and Problems in a Mixed Method Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Eka Utami Putri ◽  
Syahdan Syahdan
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Mixed Method Study ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Possessive Pronoun ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Essay Test

The purpose of this research was to find out the students' ability in applying Possessive pronoun in writing sentences and the problems encounter it.  This mixed method study employs an explanatory design to reveals it. 53 students out of 105 students from1st semester EFL students from one reputable University in Pekanbaru, Indonesia, were invited to this study. These 53 students were selected using simple random sampling and enrolled for an essay test and interview to see the students' ability and explaining the problems. The data analysis using SPSS showed that the average score of students was 52.98. Meanwhile for the median is 48, the mode is 20. The score of Standard Deviation is 27.93, Variance is 780.25, and Range is 84.  Z-Score was found 41.5%, which is means higher than average and 58.5% while, students' ability was indicated below the average. It showed that the students were low ability in applying possessive pronoun in writing sentences. The study also found the common problems, i.e., (1) students still mixed up between possessive pronoun and possessive adjectives. (2) students used the wrong pattern in using a possessive pronoun. (3) students did not understand clearly about a possessive pronoun, (4) experiencing difficulties in learning possessive pronoun. 

scholarly journals Common issues in the hetero-epitaxial seeding on SiC substrates in the sublimation growth of AlN crystals

2021 ◽  
Vol 127 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Radhakrishnan Sumathi
Keyword(s):  
Power Electronic ◽  
Etch Pit ◽  
Micro Hole ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Hole Defects ◽  
Sublimation Growth ◽  
Impurity Elements ◽  
Very High

AbstractAluminium nitride (AlN) is a futuristic material for efficient next-generation high-power electronic and optoelectronic applications. Sublimation growth of AlN single crystals with hetero-epitaxial approach using silicon carbide substrates is one of the two prominent approaches emerged, since the pioneering crystal growth work from 1970s. Many groups working on this hetero-epitaxial seeding have abandoned AlN growth altogether due to lot of persistently encountered problems. In this article, we focus on most of the common problems encountered in this process such as macro- and micro-hole defects, cracks, 3D-nucleation, high dislocation density, and incorporation of unintentional impurity elements due to chemical decomposition of the substrate at very high temperatures. Possible ways to successfully solve some of these issues have been discussed. Other few remaining challenges, namely low-angle grain boundaries and deep UV optical absorption, are also presented in the later part of this work. Particular attention has been devoted in this work on the coloration of the crystals with respect to chemical composition. Wet chemical etching gives etch pit density (EPD) values in the order of 105 cm-2 for yellow-coloured samples, while greenish coloration deteriorates the structural properties with EPD values of at least one order more.

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