Prediction Role of Working Memory and Sustained Attention in Sleep Quality of Children with Attention Deficit- Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract. Research on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents has traditionally focused on the genetic and neurobiological aspects of the disorder, but the role of family relationships has been much less systematically examined. There is growing evidence that the quality of interparental relationships and a child’s ADHD symptoms are reciprocally related. Because the literature appears to be inconsistent, this meta-analysis aims to summarize previous research and assess whether there are robust differences in the quality of interparental relationships between parents of children with ADHD and parents of healthy children. This meta-analysis of 15 studies with 43 effect sizes revealed a small but significant difference ( d = .24), which indicates that parents of a child with ADHD report poorer relationship quality than parents of healthy children. This effect was moderated by the child’s age and did not depend on whether the child had a comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) or conduct disorder (CD). The causality of this relationship has yet to be determined.

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A Review of Working Memory Training in the Management of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnbeh.2021.686873 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Maha Saleh Habsan Al-Saad ◽

Basma Al-Jabri ◽

Abeer F. Almarzouki

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Working Memory ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Memory Deficits ◽

Working Memory Training ◽

Memory Training ◽

Pharmacological Interventions ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders among children. Working memory deficits underlie many of the behavioural symptoms of ADHD. Alongside psychostimulant medications, strategies to improve working memory may play an important adjuvant role in the management of ADHD. In this study, we review the role of working memory deficits in ADHD, the evidence surrounding working memory training strategies in the management of the condition, and the factors affecting the success of these strategies in alleviating ADHD symptoms. More specifically, we review several non-pharmacological interventions that target working memory deficits in ADHD, with special emphasis on cognitive working memory training. We conclude that the development of evidence-based interventions such as computerised cognitive training (CCT) could provide an alternative or adjunct to the use of psychostimulants, especially in cases where side effects are a major issue.

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Relationship of sleep quality and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms with quality of life in college students

Journal of American College Health ◽

10.1080/07448481.2019.1583650 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 68 (5) ◽

pp. 536-542

Author(s):

Soo Jin Kwon ◽

Yoonjung Kim ◽

Yeunhee Kwak

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

College Students ◽

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Relationship Of

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The Relationship between Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and anxiety, Depression, Stress and Sleep in Professional Drivers in southern Iran

10.21203/rs.3.rs-103697/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mahsa Kamali ◽

Kiana Khatami ◽

AliReza Estedlal ◽

Yaser Sarikhani ◽

Reza Tabrizi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Psychological State ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Quality Of Sleep ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Anxiety Depression

Abstract Background: Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the neurodevelopmental disorders which is characterized by low focused concentration, distractibility, reduced self-regulation, and hyperactivity. They experience high rates of sleep and mental problems. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate anxiety, depression, stress, and sleep among professional adult drivers with ADHD in an Iranian sample.Method: in this cross-sectional study, 547 professional adults drivers with ADHD that affirm their disorders by Conner adult ADHD rating scale (CAARS) complete survey that provides demographic data, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for assessing quality of sleep, and DASS 21 survey to evaluate Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale.Results: professional adult drivers with ADHD reveals a significant association of anxiety, depression, stress with poor sleep quality. Among these drivers, Poor quality of sleep was substantially associated with driving at night (P=0.039), but no substantial correlation was found with age, marital status, education, a model of car, and daytime driving (P>0.05). Conclusion: Given the significant correlation of anxiety, depression, stress, and ADHD with low quality of sleep, ADHD drivers may be a potential preventive measure that contributes to the identification of vulnerable drivers in terms of psychological state and improvement of their quality of sleep by setting acceptable rules for juggling working hours and supporting acts.

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Effects of methylphenidate on executive functioning in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder across the lifespan: a meta-regression analysis

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291716000350 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (9) ◽

pp. 1791-1807 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

H. G. H. Tamminga ◽

L. Reneman ◽

H. M. Huizenga ◽

H. M. Geurts

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Working Memory ◽

Sustained Attention ◽

Response Inhibition ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Double Blind ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Age Related

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood and adulthood is often treated with the psychostimulant methylphenidate (MPH). However, it is unknown whether cognitive effects of MPH depend on age in individuals with ADHD, while animal studies have suggested age-related effects. In this meta-analysis, we first determined the effects of MPH on response inhibition, working memory and sustained attention, but our main goal was to examine whether these effects are moderated by age. A systematic literature search using PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science and MEDLINE for double-blind, placebo-controlled studies with MPH resulted in 25 studies on response inhibition (n = 775), 13 studies on working memory (n = 559) and 29 studies on sustained attention (n = 956) (mean age range 4.8–50.1 years). The effects of MPH on response inhibition [effect size (ES) = 0.40, p < 0.0001, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.22–0.58], working memory (ES = 0.24, p = 0.053, 95% CI 0.00–0.48) and sustained attention (ES = 0.42, p < 0.0001, 95% CI 26–0.59) were small to moderate. No linear or quadratic age-dependencies were observed, indicating that effects of MPH on executive functions are independent of age in children and adults with ADHD. However, adolescent studies are lacking and needed to conclude a lack of an age-dependency across the lifespan.

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Neuropsychological differences between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and control children and adolescents referred for academic impairment

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1590/s1516-44462009000200011 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 141-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Gabriel Coutinho ◽

Paulo Mattos ◽

Leandro F. Malloy-Diniz

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Working Memory ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Sustained Attention ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Digit Span ◽

Control Group ◽

Memory Tests ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Academic Impairment

OBJECTIVE: To compare the performances of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with a group of control comparison subjects, both taken from a large clinical sample, using some of the most widely employed attention-based Brazilian tests. METHOD: The performances of 186 children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were compared to that of 80 control individuals based on attention and working memory scores. Both groups had been referred due to academic impairment. All individuals were submitted to the TAVIS-3 sustained, shifted and focused attention tests, as well as to the working memory tests that make up the WISC-III Freedom from Distractibility Index (Digit Span and Arithmetic). RESULTS: The control group was slightly older than the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder group (p = 0.07); IQ and schooling did not differ between groups (p = 0.34 and p = 0.38, respectively). While performing a test requiring sustained attention for a longer period of time, the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder group showed a significantly higher number of commission errors compared to the controls, thus presenting sustained attention deficits (p = 0.003); when the influence of IQ, age and schooling was reduced, the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder group also made more omission errors during a sustained attention task in comparison to the control group, thus achieving a borderline significance level (p = 0.08); the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder group also performed worse in Digit Span forward and backward (p = 0.013 and p = 0.01, respectively) and in Arithmetic (p = 0.008). Other scores did not achieve significance. CONCLUSION : Our findings suggest that some of the most commonly used Brazilian attention-based tests - especially the sustained attention and working memory tests - may be useful to help distinguish subjects with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder from control subjects.

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