scholarly journals strongly N-extending Strongly N-extending modules

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darya Jabar ◽  
Saad Abdulkadhim Al-Saad
Keyword(s):  
Direct Summand ◽  
Essential Extension ◽  
Other Hand

Relative extending modules and relative (quasi-)continuous modules were introduced and studied by Oshiro as a generalizations of extending modules and (quasi-) continuous respectively.  On other hand, Oshiro, Rizvi and Permouth introduced N-extending and N-(quasi-) continuous modules depending              where N and M are modules.  is closed under submodules, essential extension and isomorphic image. A module M is N-extending if for each submodule A , there is a direct summand B of M such that A is essential in B. Moreover, a module M is strongly extending if every submodule is essential in a stable (equivalently, fully invariant) direct summand of M. In this paper, we introduce and study classes of modules which are proper stronger than that of N-extending modules and N-(quasi-)continuous modules. Many characterizations and properties of these classes are given.

MODULES WITH COINDEPENDENT MAXIMAL SUBMODULES

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 73-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICK F. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Positive Integer ◽  
Direct Summand ◽  
The Other ◽  
Property A ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Semisimple Module ◽  
Maximal Submodule

Let R be a ring with identity. A unital left R-module M has the min-property provided the simple submodules of M are independent. On the other hand a left R-module M has the complete max-property provided the maximal submodules of M are completely coindependent, in other words every maximal submodule of M does not contain the intersection of the other maximal submodules of M. A semisimple module X has the min-property if and only if X does not contain distinct isomorphic simple submodules and this occurs if and only if X has the complete max-property. A left R-module M has the max-property if [Formula: see text] for every positive integer n and distinct maximal submodules L, Li (1 ≤ i ≤ n) of M. It is proved that a left R-module M has the complete max-property if and only if M has the max-property and every maximal submodule of M/Rad M is a direct summand, where Rad M denotes the radical of M, and in this case every maximal submodule of M is fully invariant. Various characterizations are given for when a module M has the max-property and when M has the complete max-property.

scholarly journals On τ-completely decomposable modules

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Septimiu Crivei
Keyword(s):  
Direct Summand ◽  
Noetherian Ring ◽  
Torsion Theory ◽  
Positive Answer ◽  
Essential Extension ◽  
Injective Module ◽  
Injective Hull ◽  
Commutative Noetherian Ring ◽  
Direct Sum ◽  
Torsion Theories

For a hereditary torsion theory τ, a moduleAis called τ-completedly decomposable if it is a direct sum of modules that are the τ-injective hull of each of their non-zero submodules. We give a positive answer in several cases to the following generalised Matlis' problem: Is every direct summand of a τ-completely decomposable module still τ-completely decomposable? Secondly, for a commutative Noetherian ringRthat is not a domain, we determine those torsion theories with the property that every τ-injective module is an essential extension of a (τ-injective) τ-completely decomposable module.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Life Beyond 1MeV

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
K.H. Westmacott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The U.S

Life beyond 1MeV – like life after 40 – is not too different unless one takes advantage of past experience and is receptive to new opportunities. At first glance, the returns on performing electron microscopy at voltages greater than 1MeV diminish rather rapidly as the curves which describe the well-known advantages of HVEM often tend towards saturation. However, in a country with a significant HVEM capability, a good case can be made for investing in instruments with a range of maximum accelerating voltages. In this regard, the 1.5MeV KRATOS HVEM being installed in Berkeley will complement the other 650KeV, 1MeV, and 1.2MeV instruments currently operating in the U.S. One other consideration suggests that 1.5MeV is an optimum voltage machine – Its additional advantages may be purchased for not much more than a 1MeV instrument. On the other hand, the 3MeV HVEM's which seem to be operated at 2MeV maximum, are much more expensive.

Can the Academic Self-Concept be Positive and Realistic?

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reimer Kornmann
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Other Hand

Summary: My comment is basically restricted to the situation in which less-able students find themselves and refers only to literature in German. From this point of view I am basically able to confirm Marsh's results. It must, however, be said that with less-able pupils the opposite effect can be found: Levels of self-esteem in these pupils are raised, at least temporarily, by separate instruction, academic performance however drops; combined instruction, on the other hand, leads to improved academic performance, while levels of self-esteem drop. Apparently, the positive self-image of less-able pupils who receive separate instruction does not bring about the potential enhancement of academic performance one might expect from high-ability pupils receiving separate instruction. To resolve the dilemma, it is proposed that individual progress in learning be accentuated, and that comparisons with others be dispensed with. This fosters a self-image that can in equal measure be realistic and optimistic.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

Don’t Put Me in This Group

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Jort de Vreeze ◽  
Christina Matschke
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Group Memberships

Abstract. Not all group memberships are self-chosen. The current research examines whether assignments to non-preferred groups influence our relationship with the group and our preference for information about the ingroup. It was expected and found that, when people are assigned to non-preferred groups, they perceive the group as different to the self, experience negative emotions about the assignment and in turn disidentify with the group. On the other hand, when people are assigned to preferred groups, they perceive the group as similar to the self, experience positive emotions about the assignment and in turn identify with the group. Finally, disidentification increases a preference for negative information about the ingroup.

ON THE OTHER HAND

1961 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 222-223
Author(s):  
Edwin G. Boring
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand
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