scholarly journals Training-related modulations of the respiratory hypoxic and hypercapnic response sensitivity in young elite endurance athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Tomasz Tomiak ◽  
Olena Lusenko ◽  
Viktor Mishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Response Sensitivity ◽  
Hypercapnic Response

Ventilatory responses at rest and during exercise in marathon runners

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Mahler ◽  
E. D. Moritz ◽  
J. Loke
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Ventilatory Control ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Ventilatory Responses ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Exercise Ventilation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hypercapnic Response ◽  
Rest And Exercise

Diminished ventilatory responsiveness to hypercapnia and hypoxia has been reported in athletes, but whether reduced chemosensitivity might lessen hyperpnea during exercise and facilitate performance is unknown. To evaluate ventilatory control and its possible role in athletic performance, we prospectively measured ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia at rest and ventilatory equivalents for carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) and oxygen (VE/VO2) during exercise in 20 accomplished marathon (42.2 km) runners (RUN) and 20 control subjects (CON). The athletes (mean age 27.8, range 18–41 yr) were all experienced runners with a mean best marathon time of 2 h, 36 min (range 2:142:55). There were no significant differences in the ventilatory responses at rest to hypercapnia (RUN, 2.23 +/- 0.73 vs. CON, 2.61 +/- 1.05 l X min-1 X Torr-1) and hypoxia (RUN, 0.57 +/- 0.40 vs. CON, 0.88 +/- 0.72 l X min-1 X 1% desat-1) (mean +/- SD). Similarly, there were no significant differences in VE/VCO2 and VE/VO2 between the two groups. Good correlation (r = 0.68; P less than 0.01) was observed between hypercapnic response at rest and exercise ventilation (VE/VCO2) in RUN. However, both hypercapnic and hypoxic ventilatory responses correlated poorly with marathon running time. These results demonstrate no differences in ventilatory responses at rest and during exercise between marathon runners and control subjects. The range of ventilatory responsiveness observed in this group of marathon runners indicates that a spectrum of ventilatory control is present in well-trained endurance athletes.

Emotional states in endurance athletes

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romualdas Malinauskas ◽  
Sniras Sarunas
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Emotional States

Analysis of The Achievement Motivation Structure in Elite Endurance Athletes Using Triathlon as an Example

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-259
Author(s):  
Kovarova Lenka ◽  
◽  
Kovar Karel ◽  
Harbichova Ivana ◽  
Pánek David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Endurance Athletes

scholarly journals Effect of ACTN3 R577X Genotype on Injury Epidemiology in Elite Endurance Runners

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Jorge Gutiérrez-Hellín ◽  
Gabriel Baltazar-Martins ◽  
Millán Aguilar-Navarro ◽  
Carlos Ruiz-Moreno ◽  
Jesús Oliván ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Rate ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Muscle Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Injury Epidemiology ◽  
Endurance Runners ◽  
Type Of Injury ◽  
Genotype A

The p.R577X polymorphism (rs1815739) in the ACTN3 gene causes individuals with the ACTN3 XX genotype to be deficient in functional α-actinin-3. Previous investigations have found that XX athletes are more prone to suffer non-contact muscle injuries. This investigation aimed to determine the influence of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism in the injury epidemiology of elite endurance athletes. Using a cross-sectional experiment, the epidemiology of running-related injuries was recorded for one season in a group of 89 Spanish elite endurance runners. ACTN3 R577X genotype was obtained for each athlete using genomic DNA samples. From the study sample, 42.7% of athletes had the RR genotype, 39.3% had the RX genotype, and 18.0% had the XX genotype. A total of 96 injuries were recorded in 57 athletes. Injury incidence was higher in RR runners (3.2 injuries/1000 h of running) than in RX (2.0 injuries/1000 h) and XX (2.2 injuries/1000 h; p = 0.030) runners. RR runners had a higher proportion of injuries located in the Achilles tendon, RX runners had a higher proportion of injuries located in the knee, and XX runners had a higher proportion of injuries located in the groin (p = 0.025). The ACTN3 genotype did not affect the mode of onset, the severity, or the type of injury. The ACTN3 genotype slightly affected the injury epidemiology of elite endurance athletes with a higher injury rate in RR athletes and differences in injury location. However, elite ACTN3 XX endurance runners were not more prone to muscle-type injuries.

scholarly journals The endurance athletes heart: acute stress and chronic adaptation

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. i29-i36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith George ◽  
Greg P Whyte ◽  
Danny J Green ◽  
David Oxborough ◽  
Rob E Shave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stress ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Athletes Heart

scholarly journals Acute effect of high-definition and conventional tDCS on exercise performance and psychophysiological responses in endurance athletes: a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gomes da Silva Machado ◽  
Marom Bikson ◽  
Abhishek Datta ◽  
Egas Caparelli-Dáquer ◽  
Gozde Unal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Small Ring ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Psychophysiological Responses

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used aiming to boost exercise performance and inconsistent findings have been reported. One possible explanation is related to the limitations of the so-called “conventional” tDCS, which uses large rectangular electrodes, resulting in a diffuse electric field. A new tDCS technique called high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) has been recently developed. HD-tDCS uses small ring electrodes and produces improved focality and greater magnitude of its aftereffects. This study tested whether HD-tDCS would improve exercise performance to a greater extent than conventional tDCS. Twelve endurance athletes (29.4 ± 7.3 years; 60.15 ± 5.09 ml kg−1 min−1) were enrolled in this single-center, randomized, crossover, and sham-controlled trial. To test reliability, participants performed two time to exhaustion (TTE) tests (control conditions) on a cycle simulator with 80% of peak power until volitional exhaustion. Next, they randomly received HD-tDCS (2.4 mA), conventional (2.0 mA), or active sham tDCS (2.0 mA) over the motor cortex for 20-min before performing the TTE test. TTE, heart rate (HR), associative thoughts, peripheral (lower limbs), and whole-body ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded every minute. Outcome measures were reliable. There was no difference in TTE between HD-tDCS (853.1 ± 288.6 s), simulated conventional (827.8 ± 278.7 s), sham (794.3 ± 271.2 s), or control conditions (TTE1 = 751.1 ± 261.6 s or TTE2 = 770.8 ± 250.6 s) [F(1.95; 21.4) = 1.537; P = 0.24; η2p = 0.123]. There was no effect on peripheral or whole-body RPE and associative thoughts (P > 0.05). No serious adverse effect was reported. A single session of neither HD-tDCS nor conventional tDCS changed exercise performance and psychophysiological responses in athletes, suggesting that a ceiling effect may exist.

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