scholarly journals Las utopías del bienestar general: De la idea de ciudad de Thomas Moro a Yuval Harari

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (44) ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
Ángel Emilio Muñoz Cardona ◽  
Helmer Quintero Núñez

El fin último de las utopías es el ideario reflexivo de un mundo mejor; más solidario y menos egoísta. Es la búsqueda incesante de un orden social abierto a la simpatía moral, un lugar donde no prevalece la explotación del hombre por el hombre. El objetivo del presente ensayo de investigación es mostrar cuál es la relación y cuáles son los aportes sociales que subyacen en los planteamientos éticos de Thomas More, Tommaso Campanella, Paul Lafargue, Aldous Huxley y Yuval Noah Harari, en el debate contemporáneo de las administraciones de ciudad. Siguiendo un análisis cronológico, lógico-deductivo, el ensayo concluye que no hay una utopía que sea utópica. Existen nuevos esfuerzos sociales, tal vez utópicos pero no imposibles, que buscan construir una ética pública en el diseño de ciudades del aprendizaje, del conocimiento y de la innovación.

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Maria Trevisan
Keyword(s):  
De Se ◽  

Este artigo realizou um estudo acerca do confronto entre liberdade e igualdade nas obras Utopia, de Thomas More, e A Cidade do Sol, de Tommaso Campanella. Iniciou-se pela narrativa das principais ideias contidas em cada um dos livros, em especial aquelas relacionadas à vida social e política dos seus cidadãos. Abordaram-se, na sequência, os pontos de aproximação e distinção entre as obras, para, em seguida, analisar as críticas que lhes são apresentadas, em face da excessiva intervenção do Estado na vida privada. Prosseguiu-se com a análise dos conceitos de totalitarismo, igualitarismo e liberdade, a fim de investigar os espaços de conflitos e divergências, em especial quanto à delimitação das esferas públicas e privadas. Assim, em face do atual estágio da ciência e, ainda, da grande relevância das obras na seara da filosofia política, concluiu-se que há a necessidade de se promover a constante salvaguarda dos aspectos relativos à vida e liberdade individual, em homenagem à promoção do ser humano.


Author(s):  
Luís Machado de Abreu

Thomas More’s Utopia and the subsequent literary creations that belong to the same literary genre represent the affirmation of human initiative and its exclusive responsibility for the laws that rule the destiny of the City. This political autarchy points at an organisation of the society, so zealous of autonomy, that it seems to exclude from itself any divinity or religion. This is not, however, what we see in most of the utopic narratives, starting with the one by More that deals extensively with the religious issue. What statute and significance does religion have in the utopias? The answer can be attempted at three principal levels, which correspond to the same amount of ways of presence and articulation of the religious element in the described societies. There is, firstly, the consecration of Christianism as supreme religion in More’s Utopia. However, this consecration does not prevent the dimension of social criticism, characteristic of the utopic imagination, from applying also to the religious phenomenon. We have, then, the Christian reference to narratives in which the Christianism of origins appears as inspiration and model. Let us remember, for example, the «New Christianism» by Saint-Simon. Lastly, in the last two centuries, the horizon of Christianism tends to dissipate itself in narratives that advocate the implantation of a new social ethics. In this communication, we deal solely with the «Utopias of the Renaissance», the utopias of Thomas More, Tommaso Campanella and Francis Bacon.


2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Herman

From its inception in Plato’s Republic and revival in Thomas More’s Utopia, the concept of a perfect (or as More originally put it in a qualification often lost, “best”) form of a republic has been dogged by the spectres of hypocrisy, contradiction, and authoritarianism. However, the matter is more complicated than a simple declaration that utopias provide a vehicle for totalitarian fantasy, that totalitarian governments inevitably portray themselves as creating a utopia. While today’s readers, at a comfortable distance from the early sixteenth century, may bridle at the lack of privacy, or at the ideological coerciveness in More’s Utopia, that does not eradicate how, in Walter Kendrick’s words, “what for us are problems are for them solutions.” It can be argued that the negative elements are a response to social ills. The same goes for Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World and Dave Eggers’s The Circle. While the negatives in all three fictions undermine or put into question the positives, our realization that the authors also intended the negatives as genuine attempts at resolving genuine problems that cause untold misery invites us to complicate our judgments. The undermining is itself undermined. L’idée d’un gouvernement parfait (ou « meilleur » pour reprendre l’expression même de More), de son apparition dans la République de Platon jusqu’à son renouveau dans l’Utopie de Thomas More, a été traquée et mise à profit par les partisans de l’hypocrisie, de la contradiction et de l’autoritarisme. Toutefois, la question est plus complexe que la simple affirmation qui voudrait que les utopies favorisent les phantasmes totalitaires, ou que les gouvernements totalitaires se présentent inévitablement comme la réalisation d’une utopie. Ces éléments négatifs répondent en fait souvent à de véritables problèmes sociaux, et, bien que le lecteur d’aujourd’hui, dans la confortable distance qui le sépare du début du XVIe siècle, puisse s’indigner du manque de vie privée et de l’intransigeance idéologique de l’Utopie de More, cela ne change pas le fait que, pour emprunter la formule de Walter Kendrick, « ce qui pour nous sont des problèmes, sont pour eux des solutions ». Il en va de même pour le Brave New World de Aldous Huxley et The Circle de Daver Egger. Alors que les aspects négatifs dans ces trois fictions compromettent leurs aspects positifs, le fait de reconnaître que ces auteurs, par ces moyens discutables, ont sincèrement tenté de régler de vrais problèmes entraînant des misères infinies, amène le lecteur d’aujourd’hui à nuancer ses jugements. Et ainsi, les aspects compromettants de ces oeuvres sont eux-mêmes remis en question.


2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Christos Efstathiou

For the five hundred years since Thomas More first depicted the island of Utopia, the portrayal of an ideal social system has intrigued generations of authors. The concept served a double purpose: it applied to an ideal place (eutopia) but also an imaginary, unrealizable one (utopia). Although the search for utopia started from the Classical Age, More invented the genre and hundreds of utopian thinkers followed in his footsteps trying to predict how life would unfold and provide a detailed description of an ideal (or nonideal) future society. From H. G. Wells and Aldous Huxley to Arthur C. Clarke and Ursula Le Guin, successful and popular authors showed a deep concern for future living and working conditions. If the past is another country, the growing literature of utopian thought suggests that the future can be a whole continent. Several undiscovered countries lay in waiting and intellectual historians have often been fascinated by the dense explorations of the utopian writers.


2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ville Suuronen

This essay argues that Carl Schmitt’s postwar writings offer an original critique of biotechnology and utopian thinking. Examining the classics of utopian literature from Plato to Thomas More and Aldous Huxley, Schmitt illustrates the rise of utopianism that aims to transform human nature and even produce an artificial “human-machine.” Schmitt discovers a counterimage to the emerging era of biotechnology from a katechontic form of Christianity and maintains that human beings must recognize their shared humanity in God, warning us that without a realm of transcendence, the enemy no longer offers an existential mirror but begins to incarnate foreign values, which must be destroyed completely. By comparing Schmitt with Michel Foucault and Donna Haraway, it is also argued that Schmitt’s thinking unlocks a novel path to exploring the meaning and histories of biopolitics and posthumanism. From a Schmittian perspective, Foucault’s depiction of biopolitics appears as a mere prelude to the coming age of biotechnology that will lead us into a posthuman era. Demonstrating interesting contrasts with Haraway’s utopian vision of the cyborg, it is maintained that Schmitt’s thinking offers a distinctively conservative-Christian critique of posthumanism.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Cosimo Palagiano

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The importance of cities becomes ever greater not only for the modification of the landscape, but also for the distribution of social classes. Poets, philosophers and artists have imagined ideal cities that could satisfy the need for a good quality of life for citizens.</p><p> Since the most ancient civilizations poets and philosophers have imagined ideal cities, with road plots corresponding to the various social classes. In the final text I will describe some examples of ideal cities presented by Homer, especially in the description of the shield of Achilles, from Plato in the description of his Atlantis, etc.</p><p> Atlantis (Ἀτλαντὶς νῆσος, "island of Atlas") is a fictional island mentioned in Plato's works <i>Timaeus</i> and <i>Critias</i>, where Plato represents the ideal state imagined in <i>The Republic</i>.</p><p> The city depicted in the Homeric shield of Achilles, as an ideal form, centred and circular, competes with the other city scheme based on an orthogonal plan and linear structures. The form of the Homeric city has exerted a paradigmatic function for other cities in Greece and Rome.</p><p> Among the best known images of ideal cities I will consider the <i>Città del Sole</i> (<i>City of the Sun</i>) by Tommaso Campanella and Utopia by Thomas More.</p><p> There are many books of collection of paintings of cities (G Braun and F Hogenberg, 1966).The most complete and interesting is that of Caspar van Wittel or Gaspar van Wittel (1652 or 1653, Amersfoort &amp;ndash; September 13, 1736, Rome). He was a Dutch painter who played a remarkable role in the development of the <i>veduta</i>. He is credited with turning city topography into a painterly specialism in Italian art (G Briganti, 1996).</p><p> A rich collection of maps of Rome in the books by Amato Pietro Frutaz.</p><p> The city "liquid dimension" represents the complexities and contradictions of civic communities increasingly characterized by fragmentation and social unease.</p>


2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred W. Pollard ◽  
W. W. Greg ◽  
E. Maunde Thompson ◽  
J. Dover Wilson
Keyword(s):  

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