scholarly journals Features of the Neonatal Period in Perinatally HIV-Exposed Children Receiving Combined Сhemoprophylaxis of mother-to-child Transmission of HIV

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6-2) ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
A. S. Vanyarkina ◽  
A. G. Petrova ◽  
L. V. Rychkova ◽  
E. V. Moskaleva ◽  
E. A. Novikova
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Mother To Child

The aim. To study the features of the course of the neonatal period in children, perinatally exposed to HIV, who receive an enhanced regimen of chemoprophylaxis of HIV mother-to-child transmission.Patients and methods. A retrospective longitudinal cohort study of mother – child pairs for the period from 2017 to 2019 was carried out. The clinical observation group included HIV-positive women with a high risk of vertical transmission of the immunodeficiency virus (n = 213) and their newborn children (n = 214), who were prescribed an enhanced chemoprophylaxis regimen of HIV transmission from mother to child. Results. According to the results of the study of HIV-positive mothers we revealed a high prevalence of secondary diseases and a high per partum viremia – 1700 (222–18342) copies/ml. 35.9 % of children were born prematurely, 27.5 % – had low birth weight by gestational age. In newborns, diseases of the respiratory (24.3 %) and nervous (17.2 %) systems prevailed. 17.2 % of children developed intrauterine infection; HIV RNA was detected in 3.7 %. Congenital malformations were observed in 7.4 % of children. Symptoms of enteropathy were noted in 24.7 % of newborns. A decrease in red blood counts was found in all children by the 28th day of life (pw < 0.001).Conclusion. The study confirms the need for increased attention and improvement of approaches to medical support of children who were perinatally exposed to high risk of vertical HIV infection.

scholarly journals Prevention of mother-to-child transmission outcomes in the private sector in central Durban

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakira M Cassim ◽  
Julia H Botha
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Black African ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Mother To Child

The prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programme in the central region of Ethekweni Metro, KwaZulu-Natal (Durban central area), was investigated. Data for all HIV-exposed infants from eight private paediatric practices seen between January 2004 and June 2005 were reviewed retrospectively. One hundred and one black African infants were born to 100 HIV-positive women of average age 30 years. Median viral loads and CD4 counts were 11 391 copies/ml and 426 cells/μl, respectively. Eighty-six women received HAART and 5 had no prophylaxis. Of the 92 infants tested, 2 were HIV positive, giving a transmission rate of 2.2%. Both their mothers had received suboptimal prophylaxis, and if they are excluded, the transmission rate falls to less than 1%, a rate consistent with those in the developed world.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Attitudes of HIV-Positive Women regarding Exclusive Breastfeeding

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel N. Muditambi ◽  
Memme G. Makua ◽  
Gisela Hildegard Van Rensburg
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Mother To Child

Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV is one of the primary strategies towards elimination of the HIV pandemic. Part of the mother-to-child transmission strategy is exclusive breastfeeding, which is fundamental for the survival of HIV-exposed infants, as breast milk remains the vital source of essential nutrients for infant growth. Unfortunately, exclusive breastfeeding comes with the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV if not practised correctly. Moreover, there were several amendments of the infants feeding guidelines before the study was initiated, which brought about a need to ascertain the need for advocacy and health education. To assess the current knowledge and attitudes of HIV-positive women regarding exclusive breastfeeding in the Mopani district (greater Letaba sub-district), South Africa, a quantitative, descriptive study was conducted. Probability sampling was used to sample the sites and non-probability sampling was used to sample the respondents in this study. A self-developed structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 123 respondents. The study concluded that HIV-positive women have good knowledge of and positive attitudes to exclusive breastfeeding. However, knowledge of HIV transmission during breastfeeding is still a challenge. Therefore, continuous evidence-based strategic interventions to increase the knowledge of HIV-positive women are still important in the fight against the pandemic.

UNMET NEED FOR CONTRACEPTION AMONG HIV-POSITIVE WOMEN IN LESOTHO AND IMPLICATIONS FOR MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIMOTHY ADAIR
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Unmet Need For Contraception

SummaryIn Lesotho, the risk of mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) of HIV is substantial; women of childbearing age have a high HIV prevalence rate (26·4%), low knowledge of HIV status and a total fertility rate of 3·5 births per woman. An effective means of preventing MTCT is to reduce unwanted fertility. This paper examines the unmet need for contraception to limit and space births among HIV-positive women in Lesotho aged 15–49 years, using the 2004 Lesotho Demographic and Health Survey. HIV-positive women have their need for contraception unmet in almost one-third of cases, and multivariate analysis reveals this unmet need is most likely amongst the poor and amongst those not approving of family planning. Urgent action is needed to lower the level of unmet need and reduce MTCT. A constructive strategy is to improve access to family planning for all women in Lesotho, irrespective of HIV status, and, more specifically, integrate family planning with MTCT prevention and voluntary counselling and testing services.

Young Women’s Knowledge and Utilization of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV Services: Is There Any Relationship?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
Sadandaula R. Muheriwa ◽  
Angela Chimwaza ◽  
Alfred Maluwa ◽  
Martha Kamanga
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Education ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions ◽  
Mother To Child

PURPOSE:To determine knowledge and practices of young women on utilization of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIVservices.DESIGN:A cross-section descriptive study that used quantitative and qualitative data analysis methodologies.FINDINGS:Knowledge of PMTCT of HIV among respondents was universal. All respondents (100%,N= 184) stated that utilization of PMTCT services reduces transmission of HIV from mother to child. Respondents knew that HIV transmission can be reduced with exclusive breastfeeding (93%,n= 172), abrupt weaning at 6 months (44%,n= 81), taking single-dose nevirapine (SD-NVP; 43%,n= 79), and giving NVP to the baby (65%,n= 120). Very few respondents (4%,n= 7) stated that avoiding pregnancy is one way of preventing HIV transmission and that a mother who is HIV positive who has received SD-NVP or antiretroviral (ARV) therapy can still deliver a baby who is HIV positive. Actual practice was very low; only 14% breastfed exclusively and only 3% weaned their babies abruptly. Although all the 184 mothers were given NVP to take at onset of labor, very few respondents (22%) took NVP as recommended. Although it was recommended that all babies take NVP at birth and within 72 hr of birth, only 58% of the babies received NVP as recommended and only 3% of the women avoided pregnancy.CONCLUSION:There was a big discrepancy between knowledge and practice of PMTCT services. Culture was the major barrier because traditionally, babies are expected to be breastfed and supplements are fed to babies, too. Most mothers did not adhere to the taking of NVP at onset of labor. Therefore, there is a need to mobilize communities on PMTCT of HIV. The HIV education programmes should emphasize behavior-change interventions and should focus on both men and women, their partners, and significant others. There is also need to intensify monitoring and evaluation of health workers’ activities to ensure that knowledge is put into practice.

Factors associated with mother to child transmission of HIV despite overall low transmission rates in HIV-exposed infants in rural Kenya

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1215-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicollate A Okoko ◽  
Kevin O Owuor ◽  
Jayne L Kulzer ◽  
George O Owino ◽  
Irene A Ogolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Poor Adherence ◽  
Pmtct Service ◽  
Hiv Education ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Hiv Exposed Infants ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Mother To Child

Despite the availability of efficacious prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) interventions and improved access to preventive services in many developing countries, vertical HIV transmission persists. A matched case–control study of HIV-exposed infants between January and June 2012 was conducted at 20 clinics in Kenya. Cases were HIV-infected infants and controls were exposed, uninfected infants. Conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine characteristics associated with HIV infection. Forty-five cases and 45 controls were compared. Characteristics associated with HIV-infection included poor PMTCT service uptake such as late infant enrollment (odds ratio [OR]: 7.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.6–16.7) and poor adherence to infant prophylaxis (OR: 8.3, 95%CI: 3.2–21.4). Maternal characteristics associated with MTCT included lack of awareness of HIV status (OR: 5.6, 95%CI: 2.2–14.5), failure to access antiretroviral prophylaxis (OR: 22.2, 95%CI: 5.8–84.6), and poor adherence (OR: 8.1, 95%CI: 3.7–17.8). Lack of clinic-based HIV education (OR: 7.7, 95%CI: 2.0–25.0) and counseling (OR: 8.3, 95%CI: 2.2–33.3) were reported by mothers of cases. Poor uptake of PMTCT services and a reported absence of HIV education and counseling at the clinic were associated with MTCT. More emphasis on high-quality, comprehensive PMTCT service provision are urgently needed to minimize HIV transmission to children.

scholarly journals EVALUASI PELAKSANAAN PREVENTION OF MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION (PMVCT) : LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Siti Waghisatul Astutik ◽  
Antono Suryoputro ◽  
Zahroh Shaluhiyah
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Hiv Positive Mothers ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv

AbstrakAIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) merupakan kumpulan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh Virus HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) yang menular dan mematikan. Berdasarkan data Kementrian Kesehatan pada tahun 2015 jumlah anak usia ≤ 4 tahun yang terinfeksi HIV sebanyak 795, meningkat pada tahun 2016 menjadi 903. Pencegahan Penularan HIV dari Ibu ke Anak dapat dilakukan melalui 4 (empat) prong/kegiatan, yaitu : 1) Pencegahan penularan HIV pada perempuan usia reproduksi, 2) Pencegahan kehamilan yang tidak direncanakan pada ibu HIV positif, 3) pencegahan penularan HIV dari ibu hamil HIV positif ke bayi yang dikandung, dan 4) pemberian dukungan psikologis, sosial dan perawatan kepada ibu HIV positif beserta anak dan keluarganya. Pencegahan Penularan HIV dari Ibu ke Anak (PPIA) atau Prevention Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) merupakan program pemerintah untuk mencegah penularan virus HIV/AIDS dari ibu ke bayi yang dikandungnya. Tujuan dari literature review ini adalah untuk mengetahui konsep, model atau teori yang efektif digunakan untuk mengeketahui gambaran indeks keluarga sehat di beberapa daerah Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dengan cara melakukan pencarian beberapa studi yang diterbitkan melalui database Google Scholar, Science direct, dan Scopus. Studi yang dipilih diterbitkan dari tahun 2017-2021. Setelah dilakukan pencarian artikel dengan kata kunci tersebut maka total artikel yang di review dalam tinjauan literatur ini sebanyak 5 (lima) artikel. Faktor yang mempengaruhi pelaksanaan PMTCT adalah kelengkapan data, kualitas SDM, gender, serta dukungan keluarga. Kata Kunci: Evaluasi, Implementsi, PMTCT AbstractAIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is a collection of diseases caused by the infectious and deadly HIV Virus (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). Based on data from the Ministry of Health in 2015 the number of children aged ≤ 4 years infected with HIV as many as 795, increased in 2016 to 903. Prevention of HIV transmission from Mother to Child can be done through 4 (four) activities, namely: 1) Prevention of HIV transmission in women of reproductive age, 2) Prevention of unplanned pregnancy in HIV-positive mothers, 3) prevention of HIV transmission from HIV-positive pregnant women to conceived babies, and 4) providing psychological, social and care support to HIV-positive mothers and their children and families. Prevention of HIV Transmission from Mother to Child (PPIA) or Prevention Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) is a government program to prevent transmission of HIV/AIDS virus from mother to baby. The purpose of this literature review is to know the concept, model or theory that is effectively used to know the picture of healthy family index in some areas of Indonesia. The method is used by searching for several studies published through the Google Scholar, Science direct, and Scopus databases. Selected studies are published from 2017-2021. After searching for articles with these keywords, the total articles reviewed in this literature review as many as 5 (five) articles. Factors that affect the implementation of PMTCT are the completeness of data, the quality of human resources, gender, and family support.Keywords: Evaluation, Implementation, PMTCT 

scholarly journals HIV Retesting of HIV-Negative Pregnant Women in the Context of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Primary Health Centers in Rural Zambia: What Did We Learn?

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 232595821882353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Mandala ◽  
Prisca Kasonde ◽  
Titilope Badru ◽  
Rebecca Dirks ◽  
Kwasi Torpey
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Antenatal Visit ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background: This observational study describes implementation of HIV retesting of HIV-negative women in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services in Zambia. Methods: Uptake of retesting and PMTCT services were compared across age, parity, and weeks of gestation at the time of the first HIV test, antiretrovirals regime, and HIV early diagnosis results from infants born to HIV-positive mothers. Results: A total of 19 090 pregnant women were tested for HIV at their first antenatal visit, 16 838 tested HIV-negative and were offered retesting 3 months later: 11 339 (67.3%) were retested; of those, 55 (0.5%) were HIV positive. Uptake of the PMTCT package by women HIV positive at retest was not different but HIV-exposed infants born to women who retested HIV positive were infected at a higher rate (11.1%) compared to those born to women who tested HIV positive at their initial test (3.2%). Conclusion: We suggest rigorously (1) measuring the proportion of MTCT attributable to women who seroconvert during pregnancy and possibly adjust PMTCT approaches and (2) addressing the substantial loss to follow-up of HIV-negative pregnant women before HIV retesting.

scholarly journals Reasons for failure of prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in a rural South African district hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford Kendall ◽  
Lore Claessens ◽  
Jienchi Dorward ◽  
Gloria Mfeka ◽  
Kelly Gate
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Rural South ◽  
Antenatal Consultation ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Mother To Child

Further reduction of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV requires improved understanding of the reasons for MTCT. We reviewed maternal and infant case notes for HIV- positive infants diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction at Bethesda Hospital. Nineteen cases were analysed. Median gestation at first antenatal consultation (ANC) was 22.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 19.25–24). Eleven (57.9%) mothers were HIV positive at first ANC, whilst eight tested negative and later positive (2 antepartum, 6 postpartum). Median maternal CD4 was 408 cells/μL (IQR 318–531). Six (31.6%) received no antenatal antiretroviral therapy (ART) because they were diagnosed as HIV positive postpartum; 9 (47.3%) received antenatal ART and 3 (15.8%) were never initiated on ART. At 6 weeks postpartum, 5 infants (26.3%) were not on prophylactic nevirapine (NVP) because their mothers had not yet been diagnosed. Maternal seroconversion in pregnancy and breastfeeding, and possibly false-negative HIV tests, were important reasons for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) failure.

scholarly journals Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Infection and Its Determinants among Exposed Infants on Care and Follow-Up in Dire Dawa City, Eastern Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fisseha Wudineh ◽  
Bereket Damtew
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Hiv Exposed Infants ◽  
Dire Dawa ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Mother To Child

Since the scale-up for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services, rates of HIV infection among exposed infants have significantly declined. However, current achievements fell short of achieving the target sets. We investigated mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV infection and its determinants among HIV-exposed infants on care at Dilchora Referral Hospital in Dire Dawa City Administration. A retrospective institutional cohort study was conducted by reviewing follow-up records of HIV-exposed infants who were enrolled into care. Infants’ HIV serostatus was the outcome measure of the study. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were employed to identify significant determinants. Of the 382 HIV-exposed infants enrolled into care, 60 (15.7%) became HIV positive. Rural residence (AOR: 3.29; 95% CI: 1.40, 7.22), home delivery (AOR: 3.35; 95% CI: 1.58, 8.38), infant not receiving ARV prophylaxis at birth (AOR: 5.83; 95% CI: 2.84, 11.94), mixed feeding practices (AOR: 42.21; 95% CI: 8.31, 214.38), and mother-child pairs neither receiving ARV (AOR: 4.42; 95% CI: 2.01, 9.82) were significant independent determinants of MTCT of HIV infection. Our findings suggest additional efforts to intensify scale-up of PMTCT services in rural setting and improve institutional delivery and postnatal care for HIV positive mothers and proper follow-up for HIV-exposed infants.

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