Total-Body Quantitative Parametric Imaging of Early Kinetics of FDG

Relatively slow hematopoietic recovery after isolated bone marrow (I-BM) engraftment is probably caused by a disrupted microenvironment of stromal and stem cells. Thus, we compared the kinetics of hematopoietic recovery of lethally irradiated rats that received I-BM versus vascularized BM (V-BM). Total body irradiated (TBI; 8 Gy) Lewis (LEW; RT11) rats were either injected IV with syngeneic sex-mismatched 80 × 106 I-BM or transplanted with 80 × 106 V-BM in orthotopic hind limb grafts. Ten days later, peripheral blood (PB) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of these recipients were examined for the presence of donor-derived hematopoietic cells with a panel of monoclonal antibodies by FACS. To detect male cells in sex-mismatched female recipients, PCR was performed using male Y chromosome primers. When examined in PB and MLN, recipients transplanted with V-BM displayed significantly faster recovery of leukocytes (CD43+), monocytes (CD14+), and T cells (CD5+) in comparison with I-BM recipients. In addition, only V-BM (but not I-BM) groups contained stroma-like male-positive cells in PB and MLN. Our results suggest that V-BM transplants provided superior hematopoietic recovery in comparison to I-BM transplants. We postulated that close proximity between stromal and stem cells in V-BM is essential for efficient repopulation with progenitors of different lines of leukocytes.

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A study on the distribution of 85Sr and 134Cs radionuclides after total body irradiation

Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection ◽

10.2298/ntrp2004361n ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 361-371

Author(s):

Marketa Nemcova ◽

Lenka Andrejsova ◽

Anna Lierova ◽

Marcela Jelicova ◽

Zuzana Sinkorova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Body Irradiation ◽

Retention Rate ◽

Accumulation Rate ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Elimination Rate ◽

Living Organism ◽

Minimal Effect ◽

Total Body ◽

The Impact ◽

Kinetics Of

The kinetics of strontium, 85Sr, and cesium, 134Cs, were evaluated in a mouse experimental model to determine the impact of these radionuclides on a living organism concerning total body irradiation. Our study demonstrates that the elimination rate of 134Cs from the skeleton and teeth is influenced by total body irradiation and the presence of 85Sr. Higher accumulation and faster 134Cs elimination rates were observed in the skeleton and teeth of mice administrated with a mixture of 134Cs + 85Sr radionuclides. Regarding 85Sr, only a minimal effect was observed on its accumulation rate in skeleton, teeth, and muscle in total body irradiation mice. The effect of the 85Sr + 134Cs radionuclide mix on the accumulation of 85Sr was more apparent in teeth, showing a higher retention rate after 10-24 days of administration in non-irradiated mice. The evaluation of the kinetics of these radionuclides provided much-needed insight on their effects during the first two months after exposure, demonstrating that the accumulation rate of 85Sr is greater than that of 134Cs. Further, the elimination rate of the former is slower in comparison to the latter. Interestingly, total body irradiation has a greater effect on the hematological parameters of the mice blood than the radionuclides alone.

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Pulmonary clearance and release of norepinephrine and epinephrine in newborn lambs

AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajplung.1997.273.1.l264 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 273 (1) ◽

pp. L264-L274 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. J. Smolich ◽

H. S. Cox ◽

G. Eisenhofer ◽

M. D. Esler

Keyword(s):

Cesarean Section ◽

Sympathetic Nerve ◽

Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽

Plasma Epinephrine ◽

Nerve Activity ◽

Major Site ◽

Vascular Catheters ◽

Total Body ◽

Norepinephrine Spillover ◽

Kinetics Of

To examine the pulmonary kinetics of the catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine immediately after birth, eight fetal lambs were instrumented with vascular catheters under general anesthesia at 133-134 days gestation (term = 147 days) and were delivered by cesarean section 1 wk later. Pulmonary norepinephrine and epinephrine kinetics were then studied 1 and 4 h after birth using radiotracer dilution methodology. The pulmonary fractional extraction of norepinephrine was similar in 1-h (0.111 +/- 0.021) and 4-h (0.117 +/- 0.023) lambs and constituted 24 +/- 5 and 32 +/- 9% of total body norepinephrine clearance, respectively. Pulmonary removal of epinephrine was less pronounced with a fractional extraction of 0.035 +/- 0.017 in 1-h and 0.036 +/- 0.013 in 4-h lambs, which corresponded to 8 +/- 4 and 9 +/- 3% of total body epinephrine clearance, respectively. Pulmonary spillover of norepinephrine into the circulation was similar in 1-h (79 +/- 26 ng.min-1.kg-1) and 4-h (82 +/- 18 ng.min-1.kg-1) lambs, and this comprised 27 +/- 8 and 42 +/- 8% of total body norepinephrine spillover, respectively. Pulmonary epinephrine spillover was not detectable at 1 h, but it occurred in all 4-h lambs, averaging 4.7 +/- 0.8 ng.min-1.kg-1 or 20 +/- 6% of epinephrine total body spillover. These findings indicate that the lungs of newborn lambs 1) are a major site for removal of norepinephrine and epinephrine from the circulation; 2) release a substantial quantity of norepinephrine into the circulation, consistent with the presence of tonic pulmonary sympathetic nerve activity; and 3) constitute a significant extra-adrenal source of plasma epinephrine.

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Kinetics of total body retention and clearance of xenon and krypton after inhalation. [/sup 127/Xe, /sup 79/Kr, /sup 85/Kr]

10.2172/7184579 ◽

1976 ◽

Author(s):

H. Susskind ◽

H.L. Atkins ◽

S.H. Cohn ◽

K.J. Ellis ◽

P. Richards

Keyword(s):

Body Retention ◽

Total Body ◽

Kinetics Of

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Influence or age and sex on the kinetics of intravenously administered L-phenylalanine.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/28.1.204 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 204-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R Jagenburg ◽

C G Regårdh ◽

S Rödjer

Keyword(s):

Total Body Clearance ◽

Kinetic Studies ◽

Compartment Model ◽

Peripheral Compartment ◽

Two Compartment Model ◽

Total Body ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Effect Of Age ◽

Age And Sex ◽

Body Clearance

Abstract We studied the kinetics of intravenously administered L-phenylalanine with respect to the effect of age and sex, using a two-compartment model. We found that the volume of the peripheral compartment and total body clearance decrease with age. The sex-related influence was less obvious when distribution volumes and total body clearance were corrected for differences in body size. We emphasize the necessity of having age-matched control subjects in kinetic studies.

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The effects of hypoglycin on glucose metabolism in the rat. A kinetic study in vivo and [U-14C,2-3H]glucose

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj1700337 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 170 (2) ◽

pp. 337-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

H Osmundsen ◽

D Billington ◽

J R Taylor ◽

H S A Sherratt

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Kinetic Study ◽

Mean Transit Time ◽

Intravenous Dose ◽

Total Body Mass ◽

The Mean ◽

Total Body ◽

Kinetics Of

1. The kinetics of glucose metabolism were evaluated in rats deprived of food 15-21 h after the administration of hypoglycaemic doses of hypoglycin (100 mg/kg body wt.) by following changes in the specific radioactivities of 14C and 3H in blood glucose after an intravenous dose of [U-14C,2-3H]glucose [Katz, Rostami & Dunn (1974) Biochem. J. 142, 161-170]. 2. During this time, recycling of glucose through the Cori cycle was virtually abolished, the rate of irreversible disposal of glucose and its total body mass were both decreased by about 70%, whereas there was little effect on the mean transit time for glucose. 3. It was concluded that hypoglycaemia is due to inhibition of gluconeogenesis.

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Plasma kinetics of an oral dose of [2H4]retinyl acetate in human subjects with estimated low or high total body stores of vitamin A

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/68.1.90 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 90-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

M J Haskell ◽

M A Islam ◽

G J Handelman ◽

J M Peerson ◽

A D Jones ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Oral Dose ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Retinyl Acetate ◽

Plasma Kinetics ◽

Total Body ◽

Kinetics Of

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The effect of Hydrocortisone on the kinetics of normal human lymphocytes

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v46.2.235.235 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 235-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 162

Author(s):

AS Fauci ◽

DC Dale

Keyword(s):

Specific Activity ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Kinetic Studies ◽

Corticosteroid Administration ◽

Normal Volunteers ◽

Total Lymphocyte ◽

Hydrocortisone Administration ◽

Normal Human ◽

Total Body ◽

Kinetics Of

Abstract Lymphocyte kinetic studies employing 51-chromium-labeled autologous lymphocytes were performed in nine normal volunteers in order to determine the effects of hydrocortisone administration on the recirculating versus the nonrecirculating intravascular lymphocyte pools. Following infusion of labeled cells, the recirculating portion of the labeled cells rapidly equilibrated with the total intravascular lymphocyte pool and the vastly larger total-body recirculating lymphocyte pool, so that by 1 hr following infusion 21.8% plus or minus 3.2% of the labeled lymphocytes were left in the circulation. Four hundred milligrams of intravenous hydrocortisone administered 24 hr after infusion of labeled cells caused a profound but transient lymphocytopenia which was maximal at 4 hr with return of lymphocyte counts to normal by 24 hr after injection. Concomitant with the lymphocytopenia there was a dramatic increase in lymphocyte specific activity (cpm per 10–6 lymphocytes), while the total lymphocyte- associated radioactivity remaining in the circulation was unchanged, indicating that corticosteroid administration depleted the unlabeled recirculating cells. As the lymphocyte counts returned to normal following hydrocortisone, the specific activity also returned to normal. These studies indicated that hydrocortisone administration caused a transient lymphocytopenia by a preferential depletion of the recirculating portion of the intravascular lymphocyte pool.

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