Impact of the “Godzilla El Niño” Event of 2015–2016 on Sea-Surface Temperature and Chlorophyll-a in the Southern Gulf of California, Mexico, as Evidenced by Satellite and In Situ Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Coria-Monter ◽  
María Adela Monreal-Gómez ◽  
David Alberto Salas de León ◽  
Elizabeth Durán-Campos
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
El Niño Event

Humboldt penguins outmanoeuvring El Nino

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (15) ◽  
pp. 2311-2322 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Culik ◽  
J. Hennicke ◽  
T. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Dive Duration ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Day Length

We satellite-tracked five Humboldt penguins during the strong 1997/98 El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) from their breeding island Pan de Azucar (26 degrees 09′S, 70 degrees 40′W) in Northern Chile and related their activities at sea to satellite-derived information on sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA), wind direction and speed, chlorophyll a concentrations and statistical data on fishery landings. We found that Humboldt penguins migrated by up to 895 km as marine productivity decreased. The total daily dive duration was highly correlated with SSTA, ranging from 3.1 to 12.5 h when the water was at its warmest (+4 degrees C). Birds travelled between 2 and 116 km every day, travelling further when SSTA was highest. Diving depths (maximum 54 m), however, were not increased with respect to previous years. Two penguins migrated south and, independently of each other, located an area of high chlorophyll a concentration 150 km off the coast. Humboldt penguins seem to use day length, temperature gradients, wind direction and olfaction to adapt to changing environmental conditions and to find suitable feeding grounds. This makes Humboldt penguins biological in situ detectors of highly productive marine areas, with a potential use in the verification of trends detected by remote sensors on board satellites.

scholarly journals Effects of el nino on distribution of chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature in northen to southern sunda strait

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 05004
Author(s):  
Mukti Trenggono ◽  
Amron Amron ◽  
Wanda Avia Pasha ◽  
Damar Lazuardy Rolian
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Java Sea ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Sunda Strait is an important passage for the Java Sea water to flow into the Indian Ocean. There is Java sea in North close to Karimata Strait and Eastern Indian Ocean in South part. Headed from north to south of Sunda Strait, has a high primary productivity that signifies the fertility of water. The strong El Nino (SOI) in 2015, hypothesized to affect variability values of a-chlorophyll content and sea surface temperature in this area. The research aims to know the distribution pattern of chlorophyll-a, and sea surface temperature due to El Nino effect on transition season I (March, April and May 2015). The relationship of both with SOI was analyzed by simple linear correlation analysis. The results showed that the distribution of chlorophyll-a in Northen Sunda Strait is not affected by El Nino but comes from the mouth of the Musi River. The pattern of sea surface temperature distribution from Northern to Southern of Sunda Strait showed in this area affected by El Nino so that the temperature is cooler. The relationship of chlorophyll-a with SOI has a negative moderate correlation (-0.532), indicating that chlorophyll-a in this waters have the direction opposite to SOI and sea surface temperature with SOI has a strong positive correlation (of 0.959).

scholarly journals DINAMIKA KONDISI OSEANOGRAFI MUSIMAN PERAIRAN SELAT SUNDA DARI ANALISIS DATA MULTITEMPORAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Khairul Amri ◽  
Djisman Manurung ◽  
Vincentius P. Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Height Anomaly ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Surface Salinity ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Sea Surface Height Anomaly

Tujuan riset ini adalah untuk mengkaji kondisi oseanografi musiman (sebaran suhu permukaan laut, konsentrasi klorofil-a, pola arus, dan salinitas) perairan Selat Sunda secara musiman. Kajian ini menggunakan data hasil pengukuran in situ dan data penginderaan jauh multitemporal tahun 2000, 2001, 2002, dan 2004. Analisis dilakukan secara visual dan digital untuk mendapatkan gambaran dinamik mengenai kondisi oseanografi musiman perairan Selat Sunda. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa nilai sebaran suhu permukaan laut Selat Sunda sepanjang tahun bervariasi, di mana nilai berkisar antara 27,0 sampai dengan 30,5°C, lebih tinggi dibanding dengan nilai sebaran hasil pengukuran in situ. Salinitas berkisar antara 31,0 sampai dengan 33,7‰ dengan nilai terendah (31,0‰) pada musim barat, sementara salinitas tertinggi (32,7 sampai dengan 33,7‰) ditemukan pada musim peralihan 2. Sebaran klorofil-a berkisar antara 0,1 sampai dengan 2,0 mg m-3. Musim barat merupakan musim dengan kandungan klorofil-a terendah 0,1 mg m-3 dan musim timur merupakan musim dengan tingkat kesuburan perairan tertinggi (1,5 sampai dengan 2,0 mg m-3). Diduga peningkatan produktivitas primer yang sangat tinggi pada musim timur selain akibat aliran massa air yang kaya nutrien dari Laut Jawa, juga akibat dari proses upwelling pada mulut selat bagian selatan. The aim of this research is to study the dynamic of the seasonal oceanography condition (sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a concentration, sea surface height anomaly, and salinity), of the Sunda Straits waters using in situ data and satellite multitemporal images until 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2004. The oceanographic data were analyzed using visual and digital analyze to find the dynamic features. Results show that sea surface temperature was fluctuated with seasons. The values ranging from 27.0 to 30.5°C were higher than in situ measurement. The Surface salinity varied with the value of 31.0 to 33.7‰. The Lowest salinity (31.0‰) was found of the west monsoon, the highest salinity (33.7‰) at the inter monsoon 2. The Concentration of chlorophyll-a (0.1 to 2.0 mg m-3) with the highest abundance at east monsoon. The high est concentration of chlorophyll a in east monsoon may be occurred by impact of nutrient transport from Java Sea and also by contribution of upwelling process in southern mouth of Sunda Strait.

scholarly journals Measuring Temperature in Coral Reef Environments: Experience, Lessons, and Results from Palau

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 680
Author(s):  
Patrick L. Colin ◽  
T. M. Shaun Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Temperature Monitoring ◽  
Sea Surface

Sea surface temperature, determined remotely by satellite (SSST), measures only the thin “skin” of the ocean but is widely used to quantify the thermal regimes on coral reefs across the globe. In situ measurements of temperature complements global satellite sea surface temperature with more accurate measurements at specific locations/depths on reefs and more detailed data. In 1999, an in situ temperature-monitoring network was started in the Republic of Palau after the 1998 coral bleaching event. Over two decades the network has grown to 70+ stations and 150+ instruments covering a 700 km wide geographic swath of the western Pacific dominated by multiple oceanic currents. The specific instruments used, depths, sampling intervals, precision, and accuracy are considered with two goals: to provide comprehensive general coverage to inform global considerations of temperature patterns/changes and to document the thermal dynamics of many specific habitats found within a highly diverse tropical marine location. Short-term in situ temperature monitoring may not capture broad patterns, particularly with regard to El Niño/La Niña cycles that produce extreme differences. Sampling over two decades has documented large T signals often invisible to SSST from (1) internal waves on time scales of minutes to hours, (2) El Niño on time scales of weeks to years, and (3) decadal-scale trends of +0.2 °C per decade. Network data have been used to create a regression model with SSST and sea surface height (SSH) capable of predicting depth-varying thermal stress. The large temporal, horizontal, and vertical variability noted by the network has further implications for thermal stress on the reef. There is a dearth of definitive thermal information for most coral reef habitats, which undermines the ability to interpret biological events from the most basic physical perspective.

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