The Impact of High-speed Railway Opening on the Income Gap between Urban and Rural Areas

Transportation is an important factor affecting the balance of regional economic pattern. The construction of high-speed railway enhances the mobility of population, capital, technology and information resources between urban and rural areas. Will it further affect the income gap between urban and rural areas? Based on the nonlinear time-varying factor model, this paper analyzes the convergence of urban-rural income gap with the angle of high-speed railway. After rejecting the assumption of overall convergence in the traditional four economic regions, three convergence clubs of urban-rural income gap were found. For these ordered logit regression model is used to explore the initial factors that may affect the formation of “convergence club”. Empirical results show that the construction of High-speed railway has effectively narrows the urban-rural income gap in China, but it is not the cause of the formation of the three convergence clubs. The convergence effect of High-speed railway on the urban-rural income gap in China is still relatively weak.

Download Full-text

Empirical analysis of the impact of financial development on the income gap between urban and rural residents in the context of large data using fuzzy Kmeans clustering algorithm

International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education ◽

10.1177/0020720920936837 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 002072092093683

Author(s):

Yao Li

Keyword(s):

Empirical Analysis ◽

Financial Development ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Clustering Algorithm ◽

Financial Industry ◽

Rural Residents ◽

Income Gap ◽

Urban And Rural Residents ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

The Impact

With the rise of the tertiary industry, the financial industry has achieved unprecedented development, which is mainly reflected in the rapid growth of economic aggregate, the increasingly balanced financial structure system and the increasingly diversified financial products. However, with the rapid development of financial industry, the income of urban and rural residents is increasingly unbalanced. The increasing income gap between urban and rural areas has caused a large number of adverse phenomena in the process of economic development, seriously affecting the income distribution of the people and even causing social instability. Therefore, in today’s big data era, it is necessary to systematically study and analyze the impact of financial industry development on the national income gap between urban and rural areas. At the same time, it is of great significance to improve the problem of excessive income gap between urban and rural areas. This paper mainly analyses the relationship between the three effects of the development of financial industry and the income gap between urban and rural residents. In the empirical aspect, the paper creatively uses the fuzzy Kmeans clustering algorithm to regression analysis the panel data of a certain area from 2010 to 2018. At the same time, in the empirical data analysis, this paper creatively replaces the European norm measure of the Kmeans clustering algorithm with the AE measure, and puts forward a proposal. The index of financial development level is based on the proportion of loans from financial institutions. Through theoretical and empirical analysis, this paper draws the following conclusions: the financial scale in the financial industry will have a huge impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas. Finally, based on the above problems and current situation, this paper puts forward relevant improvement suggestions.

Download Full-text

Inclusive Financing’s Development and Urban-rural Income Gap—Empirical analysis based on provincial panel data

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202127503015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 275 ◽

pp. 03015

Author(s):

Jing Xu ◽

Mingyue Sun ◽

Hening Wang

Keyword(s):

Panel Data ◽

Empirical Analysis ◽

Rural Areas ◽

High Speed ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Rural Residents ◽

Income Gap ◽

Urban And Rural Residents ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

China’S Economy

With the further development of China’s economy, the income of urban and rural residents has increased. At present, China’s economy has changed from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development. However, uneven and insufficient regional development is still a problem that requires great attention. Inclusive Financing’s development provides residents with more access to financial services and is one of the important ways to build a well-off society and develop the economy in recent years. Based on the Peking University Digital Inclusive Financing Index, this paper studies the relationship between the development level of Inclusive Financing and the income gap between urban and rural residents by constructing panel data of 31 provinces, cities and regions in China and establishing a model for empirical analysis. The study found that the development of Inclusive Financing has a significant impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas, among which the improvement of the level of Inclusive Financing in the economically developed eastern region has a very obvious effect on narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas. However, blindly developing Inclusive Financing in the underdeveloped central and western regions will also cause the further widening of the income gap between urban and rural areas. The conclusion of this paper has certain positive significance for narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas and promoting the development of Inclusive Financing.

Download Full-text

Analysis of the impact of heat waves on daily mortality in urban and rural areas in Madrid

Environmental Research ◽

10.1016/j.envres.2021.110892 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 195 ◽

pp. 110892

Author(s):

J.A. López-Bueno ◽

M.A. Navas-Martín ◽

C. Linares ◽

I.J. Mirón ◽

M.Y. Luna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Heat Waves ◽

Daily Mortality ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

The Impact

Download Full-text

Does the Opening of High-Speed Railway Lines Reduce the Carbon Intensity of China’s Resource-Based Cities?

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14154648 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (15) ◽

pp. 4648

Author(s):

Zhipeng Tang ◽

Ziao Mei ◽

Jialing Zou

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

National Average ◽

Carbon Intensity ◽

Time Varying ◽

Low Carbon ◽

High Speed Railway ◽

Different Types ◽

Endogenous Selection ◽

Mode Of Development ◽

The Impact

The carbon intensity of China’s resource-based cities (RBCs) is much higher than the national average due to their relatively intensive mode of development. Low carbon transformation of RBCs is an important way to achieve the goal of reaching the carbon emissions peak in 2030. Based on the panel data from 116 RBCs in China from 2003 to 2018, this study takes the opening of high-speed railway (HSR) lines as a quasi-experiment, using a time-varying difference-in-difference (DID) model to empirically evaluate the impact of an HSR line on reducing the carbon intensity of RBCs. The results show that the opening of an HSR line can reduce the carbon intensity of RBCs, and this was still true after considering the possibility of problems with endogenous selection bias and after applying the relevant robustness tests. The opening of an HSR line is found to have a significant reducing effect on the carbon intensity of different types of RBC, and the decline in the carbon intensity of coal-based cities is found to be the greatest. Promoting migration of RBCs with HSR lines is found to be an effective intermediary way of reducing their carbon intensity.

Download Full-text

Impacts of high-speed railway on the industrial pollution emissions in China

Kybernetes ◽

10.1108/k-07-2019-0499 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (11) ◽

pp. 2713-2735 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiaomin Fan ◽

Yingzhi Xu ◽

Yongqing Nan ◽

Baoli Li ◽

Haiya Cai

Keyword(s):

Environmental Effects ◽

Industrial Pollution ◽

High Speed ◽

Assessment Method ◽

Economic Effects ◽

High Speed Railway ◽

Central Cities ◽

Content Type ◽

Pollution Emissions ◽

The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of high-speed railway (HSR) on industrial pollution emissions using the data for 285 prefecture-level cities in China from 2004 to 2016. Design/methodology/approach The research method used in this paper is the multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) model, which is an effective policy effect assessment method. To further address the issue of endogeneity, the DID integrated with the propensity score matching (PSM-DID) approach is employed to eliminate the potential self-selection bias. Findings The results show that the HSR has significantly reduced industrial pollution emissions, which is validated by several robustness tests. Compared with peripheral cities, HSR exerts a greater impact on industrial pollution emissions in central cities. In addition, the mechanism test reveals that the optimised allocation of inter-city industries is an important channel for HSR to mitigate industrial pollution emissions, and this is closely related to the location of HSR stations. Originality/value Previous studies have paid more attention to evaluating the economic effects of HSR, however, most of these studies overlook its environmental effects. Consequently, the impact of HSR on industrial pollution emissions is led by using multi-period DID models in this paper, in which the environmental effects are measured. The results of this paper can provide a reference for the pollution reduction policies and also the coordinated development of economic growth and environmental quality.

Download Full-text

Notch-based speed trajectory optimisation for high-speed railway automatic train operation

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part F Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit ◽

10.1177/09544097211042184 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095440972110421

Author(s):

Minling Feng ◽

Chaoxian Wu ◽

Shaofeng Lu ◽

Yihui Wang

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Applied Force ◽

Mixed Integer ◽

High Speed Railway ◽

Train Operation ◽

Train Speed ◽

Automatic Train Operation ◽

The Impact ◽

Trajectory Optimisation

Automatic train operation (ATO) systems are fast becoming one of the key components of the intelligent high-speed railway (HSR). Designing an effective optimal speed trajectory for ATO is critical to guide the high-speed train (HST) to operate with high service quality in a more energy-efficient way. In many advanced HSR systems, the traction/braking systems would provide multiple notches to satisfy the traction/braking demands. This paper modelled the applied force as a controlled variable based on the selection of notch to realise a notch-based train speed trajectory optimisation model to be solved by mixed integer linear programming (MILP). A notch selection model with flexible vertical relaxation was proposed to allow the traction/braking efforts to change dynamically along with the selected notch by introducing a series of binary variables. Two case studies were proposed in this paper where Case study 1 was conducted to investigate the impact of the dynamic notch selection on train operations, and the optimal result indicates that the applied force can be flexibly adjusted corresponding to different notches following a similar operation sequence determined by optimal train control theory. Moreover, in addition to the maximum traction/braking notches and coasting, medium notches with appropriate vertical relaxation would be applied in accordance with the specific traction/braking demands to make the model feasible. In Case study 2, a comprehensive numerical example with the parameters of CRH380AL HST demonstrates the robustness of the model to deal with the varying speed limit and gradient in a real-world scenario. The notch-based model is able to obtain a more realistic optimal strategy containing dynamic notch selection and speed trajectory with an increase (1.622%) in energy consumption by comparing the results of the proposed model and the non-notch model.

Download Full-text

Examining partial proportional odds model in analyzing severity of high-speed railway accident

Smart and Resilient Transport ◽

10.1108/srt-10-2020-0022 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Jing Wang ◽

Yinghan Wang ◽

Yichuan Peng ◽

Jian John Lu

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Proportional Odds Model ◽

Impact Factors ◽

Proportional Odds ◽

High Speed Railway ◽

Severity Level ◽

Content Type ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Partial Proportional Odds Model ◽

The Impact

Purpose The operation safety of the high-speed railway has been widely concerned. Due to the joint influence of the environment, equipment, personnel and other factors, accidents are inevitable in the operation process. However, few studies focused on identifying contributing factors affecting the severity of high-speed railway accidents because of the difficulty in obtaining field data. This study aims to investigate the impact factors affecting the severity of the general high-speed railway. Design/methodology/approach A total of 14 potential factors were examined from 475 data. The severity level is categorized into four levels by delay time and the number of subsequent trains that are affected by the accident. The partial proportional odds model was constructed to relax the constraint of the parallel line assumption. Findings The results show that 10 factors are found to significantly affect accident severity. Moreover, the factors including automation train protection (ATP) system fault, platform screen door and train door fault, traction converter fault and railway clearance intrusion by objects have an effect on reducing the severity level. On the contrary, the accidents caused by objects hanging on the catenary, pantograph fault, passenger misconducting or sudden illness, personnel intrusion of railway clearance, driving on heavy rain or snow and train collision against objects tend to be more severe. Originality/value The research results are very useful for mitigating the consequences of high-speed rail accidents.

Download Full-text