scholarly journals Spatial Differences and Socioeconomic Determinants of Health Poverty

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasir Iqbal ◽  
Saima Nawaz
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
National Level ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Socioeconomic Determinants ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Post Natal Care ◽  
Education And Awareness ◽  
Very High

The study aims to develop health poverty index (HPI) using the Alkire Foster (AF) Method for Pakistan based on district representative data obtained from Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) 2012-13. Using HPI, this study investigates the spatial differences of health poverty at sub-national level and explores the socioeconomic determinants. The analysis reveals that the headcount health poverty is 41 percent in Pakistan. Further, the ratio is very high in rural areas (50 percent) as compared to urban areas (22 percent). Provincial analysis shows that Punjab is the least poor province (36 percent) while Balochistan is the poorest province (62 percent). The majority of the households are deprived in term of cost of health services, post-natal care and child immunisation. Empirical analysis shows that income, regional variation, education and awareness play very important role in explaining health poverty. To eradicate health deprivation, area and dimension specific policies are required to make efficient use of scarce resources. JEL Classification: I12, I32, J18 Keywords: Health Poverty, Spatial Analysis, Alkire Foster Method

The Economic Imperative: Cities Need Migrants

2021 ◽  
pp. 001946622110132
Author(s):  
Astha Agarwalla ◽  
Errol D’Souza
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Industry Concentration ◽  
Wage Curve ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Reverse Migration ◽  
Local Labour

The policy responses to Covid-19 have triggered large-scale reverse migration from cities to rural areas in developing countries, exposing the vulnerability of migrants living precarious lives in cities, giving rise to debates asserting to migration as undesirable and favouring policy options to discourage the process. However, the very basis of spatial concentration and formation of cities is presence of agglomeration economies, benefits accruing to economic agents operating in cities. Presence of these agglomeration benefits in local labour markets manifests themselves in the form of an upward sloping wage curve in urban areas. We estimate the upward sloping wage curve for various size classes of cities in Indian economy and establish the presence of positive returns to occupation and industry concentration at urban locations. Controlling for worker-specific characteristics influencing wages, we establish that higher the share of an industry or an occupation in local employment as compared to national economy, the desirability of firms to pay higher wages increases. For casual labourers, occupational concentration results in higher wages. However, impact of industry concentration varies across sectors. Results supporting presence of upward sloping urban wage curve, therefore, endorse policies to correct the market failure in cities and promote migration as a desirable process. JEL Classification Codes: J2, R2

scholarly journals Green and Blue Space Availability and Self-Rated Health among Seniors in China: Evidence from a National Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
Chensong Lin ◽  
Longfeng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Major River ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Many empirical studies have shown evidence of multiple health benefits provided by green and blue spaces. Despite the importance of these spaces, investigations are scarce in details for blue spaces rather than green. Moreover, most research has focused on developed regions. A limited number of studies on blue spaces can be found in China with a focus on the city level. Outcomes have been mixed due to varying research scales, methodologies, and definitions. This study relies on a national-level social survey to explore how the self-rated health (SRH) of senior individuals is associated with local green and blue space availability in urban and rural areas. Results indicate that the coverage ratio of overall green spaces and waterbodies around a resident’s home have marginal effects on SRH status in both urban and rural areas. In urban areas, living close to a park can is marginally beneficial for older people’s health. Regarding different types of blue spaces, the presence of a major river (within 0.3–0.5 km) or coastline (within 1 km and 1–5 km) in the vicinity of home negatively affects SRH among the elderly in urban areas. Close proximity to lakes and other types of waterbodies with a water surface larger than 6.25 ha did not significantly influence SRH. These findings not only evaluate general health impacts of green/blue space development on senior populations across the county but inform decision makers concerning the health-promoting qualities and features of different green/blue spaces to better accommodate an aging population in the era of urbanization.

Influence of community satisfaction with individual happiness: comparative study in semi-urban and rural areas of Tikapur, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung-Bae Park ◽  
Chun-Bae Kim ◽  
Chhabi Ranabhat ◽  
Chang-Soo Kim ◽  
Sei-Jin Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
National Level ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Community Satisfaction ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Happiness is a subjective indicator of overall living conditions and quality of life. Recently, community- and national-level investigations connecting happiness and community satisfaction were conducted. This study investigated the effects of community satisfaction on happiness in Nepal. A factor analysis was employed to examine 24 items that are used to measure community satisfaction, and a multiple regression analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of these factors on happiness. In semi-urban areas, sanitation showed a positive relationship with happiness. In rural areas, edu-medical services were negatively related to happiness, while agriculture was positively related. Gender and perceived health were closely associated with happiness in rural areas. Both happiness and satisfaction are subjective concepts, and are perceived differently depending on the socio-physical environment and personal needs. Sanitation, agriculture (food) and edu-medical services were critical factors that affected happiness; however, the results of this study cannot be generalized to high-income countries.

scholarly journals Deprivation Counts: An Assessment of Energy Poverty in Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafat Mahmood ◽  
Anwar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
National Level ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
Provincial Level

This paper examines the energy–poverty nexus in Pakistan at the national and provincial level, using the multidimensional energy poverty index. Based on data from the Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey for 2010/11, we find that the average household in Pakistan is 26.4 percent energy-poor. The study shows that the incidence of energy poverty is higher in rural areas than in urban areas, with a similar trend at the provincial level. A comparison with findings based on data from 2008/09 shows a slight decrease in energy poverty at the national level.

scholarly journals The Current Situation and Future Trend of Leukemia Mortality by Sex and Area in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baojing Li ◽  
Hong Tang ◽  
Zilu Cheng ◽  
Yuxiao Zhang ◽  
Hao Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural China ◽  
National Level ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Future Trend ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Projection Model ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Leukemia is one of the most common cancers. We conducted this study to comprehensively analyze the temporal trends of leukemia mortality during 2003–2017 and project the trends until 2030. We extracted national-level data on annual leukemia mortality from China Health Statistics Yearbooks (2003–2017). We applied the Joinpoint regression model to assess leukemia mortality trends in urban and rural China by sex during 2003–2017. We also produced sex-specific leukemia mortality using the adjusted Global Burden Disease (GBD) 2016 projection model. In urban areas, age-standardized leukemia mortality decreased significantly among females during 2003–2017 (APC = −0.9%; 95% CI: −1.7, −0.1%). In rural areas, significant decreases of age-standardized leukemia mortality were both found among males (APC = −1.7%; 95% CI: −2.9, −0.5%) and females (APC = −1.6%; 95% CI: −2.6, −0.7%) from 2008 to 2017. Rural-urban and sex disparities of leukemia mortality will continue to exist until the year 2030. According to projection, the leukemia mortality rates of males and rural populations are higher than that of females and urban populations. In 2030, leukemia mortality is projected to decrease to 3.03/100,000 and 3.33/100,000 among the males in urban and rural areas, respectively. In females, leukemia mortality will decrease to 1.87/100,000 and 2.26/100,000 among urban and rural areas, respectively. Our study suggests that more precautionary measures to reduce leukemia mortality are need, and more attention should be paid to rural residents and males in primary prevention of leukemia in China.

scholarly journals Mental Distress in Rural Areas of Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azam David Saifullah ◽  
Nur Latifah ◽  
Eria Riski Artanti ◽  
Kadek Dewi Cahyani ◽  
Umi Rahayu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elderly Male ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: There is a higher prevalence of mental distress in rural areas compared to urban areas in Indonesia. The rural areas of Indonesia have various socio-demographic and sophisticated cultural characteristics, but less exposed to foreign cultures. Thus, the study about the prevalence, associated factors, and predictors of mental distress in rural areas is necessary.Purpose: This study aimed to identify the population's status and related factors of mental distress in rural areas in Indonesia.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to achieve the aims of the study. An Indonesian version of the Self-Rated Questionnaire, consisting of 20 items, was used to measure mental distress status of population in rural areas in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A number of 872 records were included and analyzed using both univariate and bivariate analyses in this study.Results: The prevalence of mental distress in this population was 6%. The correlated factors of mental distress were age (χ2=6.93, p=0.01), gender (χ2=0.07, p=0.03), occupation (χ2=0.26, p=0.02), housing dimension (χ2=5.45, p=0.02), and illness status (χ2=0.01, p<0.01).Conclusion: The prevalence of mental distress in rural areas of Indonesia is relatively lower than that of the national level. Future mental health programs may be focused on improving mental health on the elderly, male, vulnerable workers, overcrowded housing, and people who got a chronic illness.

scholarly journals Geophysical prospecting in the Doukkala area (Swalah commune) in Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 03008
Author(s):  
Halima Soussi ◽  
Lahcen Bahi ◽  
Latifa Ouadif ◽  
Mohamed Chibout ◽  
Brahim Aghazzaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Vertical Electrical Soundings ◽  
Damage Costs ◽  
Electrical Soundings ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
El Jadida ◽  
Very High

The collapse of the subsoil creates a risk for the population whether it is urban or rural. Each year, the damage caused by these collapses has considerable socio-economic consequences, and the damage costs are very high. Thus, the detection of these areas of collapse in urban and rural areas is important to prevent and avoid socio-economic consequences, and to establish a preventive risk planning to have a better protection of people and goods. The commune of Swalah, study area, belongs to the province of El Jadida which is part of those areas of Doukkala exposed to the risk of collapse due to the presence of underground cavities. These cavities are potentially dangerous for humans, especially in urban areas. They have different extensions that can be caused by natural or anthropic origin. Their size, as well as the physical properties of the external environment in which they are located, allow the use of different geophysical methods. The use of these geophysical methods is the best to detect and delineate cavities in this region. The present study was based on a geophysical compaign of vertical electrical soundings. Indeed, 50 electrical soundings were modeled and reinterpreted and allowed to detect and delineate any potential cavities in the region.

scholarly journals Has India’s Employment Guarantee Program Achieved Intended Targets?

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824402110522
Author(s):  
A. Amarender Reddy ◽  
Namrata Singha Roy ◽  
Divya Pradeep
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Level ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Fund Allocation ◽  
Employment Guarantee

This paper explores the performance of the world’s largest employment guarantee program, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Schemes in India, both nationally and through a sub-national-level comparison based on key performance indicators viz. (i) financial indicators, (ii) physical performance indicators, and (iii) inclusiveness indicators. The paper is based on administrative data taken from the Ministry of Rural Development from 2006 to 2019. Despite sharp increases in fund allocation, total expenditures, and utilization rates, there was deceleration in majority of physical performance indicators after 2016, including total person-days employment and person-days of employment per household, with wide variation in sub-national level implementation capabilities. The finding also rejects the falsity of saturation of MGNREGA work in the rural areas, which is reflected in a strong positive correlation between fund allocation and employment generation. Its broader objective of social safety net for vulnerable people in rural areas shows an achievement, although with some gaps in implementation. JEL classification: H53, J43, P25

scholarly journals Changes in Determinants and Equity of Family Planning Utilization after the Implementation of a National Health Insurance Policy in Indonesia: A Secondary Analysis of The 2012-2016 National Socio-Economic Survey of Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Khadijah Nasution ◽  
Yodi Mahendradhata ◽  
Laksono Trisnantoro
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
National Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
National Level ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Insurance Policy ◽  
Economic Survey

Abstract Background The Indonesian government has been implementing the National Health Insurance Policy (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional-JKN) since 2014. The utilization of family planning service is one of the programs to increase maternal and child health status that is included in the benefit package in JKN. This study aimed to describe determinants and to evaluate JKN based on equity indicators, especially in family planning services. Methods Data were obtained from the 2012-2016 National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) of Indonesia. Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR) and Long-acting contraceptives (LACs) use were used as indicators to evaluate family planning utilization. Chi-square and logistic regression tests were used to analyze the data. Respondents were married women between 15 and 49 years of age. Results There was no progress in CPR after the implementation of JKN. At the national level, CPR decreased within five years (2012-2016). Decreasing in urban areas and in the group that does not have health insurance were more than in rural areas and in the group that has health insurance. Utilization of non-LACs, especially injection (56%-57%) and pill (21%-24%), were still high within 2012-2016. At the national level, LACs use increased 3.18% between 2012-2016 (15.54%-18.72%). Increasing in urban areas and in the group that has subsidized health insurance were more than in rural areas and in the group that does not have subsidized. Health insurance ownership, the geography factor, education, household economic correlated with contraceptive use (p<0.05) in 2015 and 2016, but this correlation was inversely proportional. Conversely, all of the determinants were positively associated with LACs use (p<0.05). Conclusions Up to 2016, the JKN program did not increase CPR. Conversely, the JKN program obtained only small increases in LACs use. LACs use in rural areas is less than in urban areas. JKN program can increase LACs use in the group that has subsidized health insurance. CPR and LACs coverage could be increased by health system improvement and the social approaches, specifically through improving supply-side and regulations, increasing coordination among multiple agencies in the family planning program, and promoting family planning based on values and norms in the society.

scholarly journals THE USE OF AHP WITHIN GIS FOR DESTRUCTED AREAS IN DAMASCUS, SYRIA

2021 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B4-2021 ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
M. Khalil ◽  
J. Satish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Syrian Population ◽  
Syrian Arab Republic ◽  
The City ◽  
Very High

Abstract. War This is a word that everyone fears as a result of the violence and devastation it leaves, as there have been many wars around the world that have greatly affected the lives of civilians. Infrastructure, homes, hospitals, and other public facilities have been damaged and partially or largely destroyed. Syria is a country in south-western Asia, located near the Mediterranean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey. Syria is which suffered from war for more than 10 years and still. This is a study on the city of Damascus, the capital of the Syrian Arab Republic, many of its areas were destroyed by this war. throughout the war, more than 55% of the Syrian population in urban areas and rural areas were affected by the massive aerial bombardment and fighting inside towns, cities, and old neighbourhoods. This study aims to identify the most affected areas in the Syrian capital, Damascus, by analysing two satellite images from the satellite Sentinel using a program SNAP and determining the most appropriate areas for reconstruction in Damascus through the AHP analysis method using a program ArcGIS. Where 6 basic criteria were set to carry out the analysis it's elevation, slope, soil, water network, road network, and land use, land cover. The results were classified into five classes in terms of suitability for reconstruction, not suitability, low suitability, moderate suitability, high suitability, very high suitability, and to determine the percentage of each classification.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document