scholarly journals ANALISIS KOORDINASI PROTEKSI RELAY ARUS LEBIH PADA SISTEM KELISTRIKAN PT. PETROKIMIA GRESIK PABRIK AMUREA 2 BERBASIS ALGORITMA GENETIKA

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Erfan Djati Widodo ◽  
Denny Irawan ◽  
Rini Puji Astutik
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit

Sistem tenaga listrik tidak pernah lepas dari adanya gangguan, baik gangguan short-circuit, overload, maupun gangguan lainnya. Salah satu pengaman umtuk mengisolir gangguan yg terjadi khususnya di PT. Petrokimia Gresik Pabrik Amurea 2 adalah relay arus lebih. Sistem koordinasi proteksi relay arus lebih akan membandingkan metode perhitungan manual dan metode algoritma genetika guna untuk mengoptimalkan sistem tersebut. Hasil simulasi sistem koordinasi relay arus lebih menggunakan metode perhitungan manual masih terdapat overlapping antara kurva relay 11 (tap =1,2 ; td = 3,2) dan relay 4 (tap = 1,16 ; td = 5,58). Hasil penelitian menggunakan metode algoritma genetika mendapatkan hasil tidak terjadi overlapping antara kurva relay 11 (tap =0,9 ; td= 3,2) dan relay 4 (tap 1,5 ; td = 5,7). Dengan hasil tersebut, sistem koordinasi proteksi relay arus lebih optimal menggunakan algoritma genetika daripada perhitungan manual.

Structural Imperfections in thin Oxide Films Formed on Some Fe- and Ni-Base Alloys

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 510-511
Author(s):  
L. P. Lemaire ◽  
D. E. Fornwalt ◽  
F. S. Pettit ◽  
B. H. Kear
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Scale ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Protective Oxide ◽  
Protective Oxide Scale ◽  
Thin Oxide Films ◽  
Diffusion Paths ◽  
Oxidation Resistant ◽  
Structural Imperfections ◽  
Short Circuit Diffusion

Oxidation resistant alloys depend on the formation of a continuous layer of protective oxide scale during the oxidation process. The initial stages of oxidation of multi-component alloys can be quite complex, since numerous metal oxides can be formed. For oxidation resistance, the composition is adjusted so that selective oxidation occurs of that element whose oxide affords the most protection. Ideally, the protective oxide scale should be i) structurally perfect, so as to avoid short-circuit diffusion paths, and ii) strongly adherent to the alloy substrate, which minimizes spalling in response to thermal cycling. Small concentrations (∼ 0.1%) of certain reactive elements, such as yttrium, markedly improve the adherence of oxide scales in many alloy systems.

Short Circuit Currents of Normal and Crohn's Diseased Human Colonic Mucosa

Endoscopy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Patel ◽  
DL Bovell ◽  
AD Corbett ◽  
RJ Holdsworth
Keyword(s):  
Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Currents

Determination of parameters of short circuit of power transformer by means of mathematical modeling

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (102) ◽  
pp. 110-119
Author(s):  
D. S. Yarymbash, ◽  
◽  
S. T. Yarymbash, ◽  
T. E. Divchuk, ◽  
D. A. Litvinov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Determination Of Parameters

Estimation Methods of Short Circuit Current using Normal PMU Measurements and Field Testing

2013 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Suresh Chand Verma ◽  
Yoshiki Nakachi ◽  
Yoshihiko Wazawa ◽  
Yoko Kosaka ◽  
Takenori Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Estimation Methods

Prospective Transient Recovery Voltage Measurement of Short Circuit Testing Circuit by Reverse Current Injection

2019 ◽  
Vol 139 (8) ◽  
pp. 522-526
Author(s):  
Kyoya Nonaka ◽  
Tadashi Koshizuka ◽  
Eiichi Haginomori ◽  
Hisatoshi Ikeda ◽  
Takeshi Shinkai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Reverse Current ◽  
Current Injection ◽  
Voltage Measurement ◽  
Circuit Testing ◽  
Transient Recovery Voltage ◽  
Recovery Voltage
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