scholarly journals Automation Anxieties: Perceptions About Technological Automation and the Future of Pharmacy Work

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 191-208
Author(s):  
Cameron Piercy ◽  
Angela Gist-Mackey
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Technical Change ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Socioeconomic Disparities ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pharmacy Technicians

This study uses a sample of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians (N = 240) who differ in skill, education, and income to replicate and extend past findings about socioeconomic disparities in the perceptions of automation. Specifically, this study applies the skills-biased technical change hypothesis, an economic theory that low-skill jobs are the most likely to be affected by increased automation (Acemoglu & Restrepo, 2019), to the mental models of pharmacy workers. We formalize the hypothesis that anxiety about automation leads to perceptions that jobs will change in the future and automation will increase. We also posit anxiety about overpayment related to these outcomes. Results largely support the skillsbiased hypothesis as a mental model shared by pharmacy workers regardless of position, with few effects for overpayment anxiety.

Where is the body in the mental model for a story?

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur C. Graesser
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Discourse Processing ◽  
On Line

Researchers in the field of discourse processing have investigated how mental models are constructed when adults comprehend stories. They have explored the process of encoding various classes of inferences “on-line” when these mental microworlds are constructed during comprehension. This commentary addresses the extent to which these inferences and mental microworlds are “embodied.”

Survey of Economic Theory on Technical Change and Employment

1941 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Eric Roll ◽  
Alexander Gourvitch ◽  
H. Dewey Anderson ◽  
Lewis L. Lorwin ◽  
John M. Blair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Technical Change

Watch For Failing Objects: What Inappropriate Compliance Reveals About Shared Mental Models In Autonomous Cars

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 643-647
Author(s):  
Yosef S. Razin ◽  
Jack Gale ◽  
Jiaojiao Fan ◽  
Jaznae’ Smith ◽  
Karen M. Feigh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
True Positive Rate ◽  
Shared Mental Models ◽  
Shared Mental Model ◽  
Autonomous Cars ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Dispositional Factors

This paper evaluates Banks et al.’s Human-AI Shared Mental Model theory by examining how a self-driving vehicle’s hazard assessment facilitates shared mental models. Participants were asked to affirm the vehicle’s assessment of road objects as either hazards or mistakes in real-time as behavioral and subjective measures were collected. The baseline performance of the AI was purposefully low (<50%) to examine how the human’s shared mental model might lead to inappropriate compliance. Results indicated that while the participant true positive rate was high, overall performance was reduced by the large false positive rate, indicating that participants were indeed being influenced by the Al’s faulty assessments, despite full transparency as to the ground-truth. Both performance and compliance were directly affected by frustration, mental, and even physical demands. Dispositional factors such as faith in other people’s cooperativeness and in technology companies were also significant. Thus, our findings strongly supported the theory that shared mental models play a measurable role in performance and compliance, in a complex interplay with trust.

Technical change and economic theory

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Bruce Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Technical Change

scholarly journals Problem based learning: Students’ mental models on water conductivity concept

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
John Rafafy Batlolona ◽  
Haryo Franky Souisa
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Water Conductivity ◽  
Education Change ◽  
Pbl Model

This paper tells about the mental model of prospective scholars on the topic of temperature and heat. The purpose of this research is to improve students’ mental model by using problem based learning (PBL) model. The number of samples in the study amounted to 72 students with two different classes. The results of the study showed that, (1) the improvement of mental model that studied with PBL was higher than that studied with conventional learning. (2) high-skilled student mental models that are learning with PBL are higher than those studied by conventional learning. (3) low-skilled student mental models that study with PBL are higher than students learning with conventional learning. The conclusion of this study is the improvement of students' mental models using PBL models on the topic of conductivity in water. Thus the PBL model can be recommended in improving students' mental models on temperature and heat topics. The implication in this research is to improve the students' mental model as the agent of science education change.

Technical Change and Economic Theory

1991 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1187-1188
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Degregori
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Technical Change

scholarly journals How Influential Are Mental Models on Interaction Performance? Exploring the Gap between Users’ and Designers’ Mental Models through a New Quantitative Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingjun Xie ◽  
Jia Zhou ◽  
Huilin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
User Performance ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Information Structures ◽  
Path Diagram ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Model Similarity ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the gap between two different mental models on interaction performance through a quantitative way. To achieve that, an index called mental model similarity and a new method called path diagram to elicit mental models were introduced. There are two kinds of similarity: directionless similarity calculated from card sorting and directional similarity calculated from path diagram. An experiment was designed to test their influence. A total of 32 college students participated and their performance was recorded. Through mathematical analysis of the results, three findings were derived. Frist, the more complex the information structures, the lower the directional similarity. Second, directional similarity (rather than directionless similarity) had significant influence on user performance, indicating that it is more effective in eliciting mental models using path diagram than card sorting. Third, the relationship between information structures and user performance was partially mediated by directional similarity. Our findings provide practitioners with a new perspective of bridging the gap between users’ and designers’ mental models.

Mental models, humorous texts and humour evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri de Jongste
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Model Theory ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Model Construction ◽  
Mental Model Theory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Manipulation Process ◽  
The Way

Abstract This paper investigates how a mental-model theory of communication can explain differences in humorous texts and how aesthetic criteria to evaluate humour are dependent on the way mental models are exploited. Humour is defined as the deliberate manipulation by speakers of their private mental models of situations in order to create public mental models which contain one or more incongruities. Recipients can re-construct this manipulation process and thereby evaluate its nature and its quality. Humorous texts can be distinguished in terms of ownership of the manipulated mental model, the relationship between the speakers’ private and their public (humorous) mental model, as well as the speed required in the humorous mental model construction. Possible aesthetic criteria are the quality of the mental model manipulation, the pressure under which the humorously manipulated mental models have been constructed and the quality of the presentation of humorous mental models.

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