Characterization of the Propagation Route of Light Passing Through Convex Lens

Existing optical theory states that the light directed to the optical center of the convex lens will travel in a straight line. Does the theory hold? If this is true, then why the images formed by the camera lens tends to be distorted? To answer the question, this paper studied the propagation mode of light passing through convex lens. Specifically, assuming the propagation medium on both sides of convex lens is homogeneous, we propose an angular affine transformation (AAT) theory. Based on the proposed theory, we first derive the refractive index of convex lens as well as the method of calculating the normal direction of each point within the radius of convex lens radius and then derive the refraction direction of each point within the radius of convex lens, thus completely characterizing the path diagram of light directed to the optical center. The correctness of the proposed theory has been verified using two sets of experiments: characterization of the route of light passing through the convex lens as well as camera imaging experiment. From the results, it can be concluded that the light directed to the optical center of convex lens does not travel in a straight line, but in a refraction line.

An Empirical Research on Study Success in Times of COVID-19 Pandemic – a Case Study

The COVID-19 pandemic and measures to contain it pushed many universities to switch to online learning in the spring of 2020. The changes took place very quickly and it became clear that the long-term consequences of such a transformation are uncertain and require more detailed study. This research attempts to analyze the impact of online learning on study success. This research makes use of a triangulation with quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitatively, it contains path diagram with various factors that have an impact on the study success at a German university, which is based on a quantitative online survey with 1.529 participants. Qualitatively, 49 interviews were analyzed in order to identify reasons for the risk of failing to achieve study success. The relevance of technology becomes evident in the quantitative analysis, as it manifests itself in almost all categories that affect study success. Moreover, a new influencing factor appeared, the “adaption to digital teaching”, which was often considered important qualitatively.

EVALUATION STRUCTURE ON PREFERENCE OF PAINTING’S APPEARANCE WITH LOW REFLECTANCE IN THE MUSEUM LIGHTING ENVIRONMENT

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the evaluation structure of the preference for the visibility of paintings, taking into account the characteristics of paintings with low reflectance. Although illuminance is used in the standards for museum lighting (CIE 157:2004), it is desirable to design lighting that also considers luminance from the viewpoint of perceived brightness. Therefore, we conducted the subjective experiment of oil paintings in which luminance ratio was set as an experimental variable and examined the evaluation structure of paintings with low reflectance. As a result, it was found that the evaluation of black details affects the preference for the visibility of paintings with low reflectance. However, the path diagram of the evaluation structure applied to each painting was different, indicating that it is difficult to represent the characteristics of a painting only by the mean reflectance.

Learner’s Generated Digital Media Usage and Effects among Nursing Students in Nigeria

Introduction: The use of learner’s generated digital media (LGDM) in education has accelerated several learning processes that were hitherto very complex and difficult to teach and learn in the past. They come in various multimedia formats to help ease learning and teaching experiences via telecommunication technologies and the Internet. Problem: Learning using LGDM in nursing science requires professional skills, motivations and intentions of users who generate multimedia and deploy them for learning. Understanding LGDM usage in learning and its significant effects may improve academic performance of the learner, motivation and adoption for nursing student. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of LGDM on nursing learner’s skills (improved Academic Performances), motivation and intention to use LGDM in their learning programme by formulating hypotheses based on technology acceptance models. Methods: We carried out a survey research methodology of LGDM usage among nursing student of University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) and National Open University of Nigeria (Benin and Asaba study centre). Nursing student (N=500) of year 3 student was the focus group. Random sampling was used to select the participant (students) and a structured questionnaire was administered to them to provide responses to the closed-ended questions contained therein. Examining the role of Technological Acceptance Model (TAM) and Motivation model in learning established the theoretical framework presented in this research to determine the relationship of LGDM usage to learner intention and academic performance. Structured Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the theoretical framework path diagram. Results: Among the commonly used LGDM by the nursing students were podcast (video, audio) and e-books alongside with printable learning materials (PDF) for their learning experiences. Although most of those LGDM resources are readily available and free to access, most of the LGDM format require enormous bandwidth to download them hence a burden for learner. The analyses of the path diagram using SEM revealed significant relationships of core framework parameters (Effort Efficiency, Social Influence, Performance expectance) on Behaviour intention, motivation and improved Academic Performances of motivated nursing student who use multimedia for their learning. Conclusions: Nursing students are determined to use LGDM to enhance their learning and improve their academic performance. The findings in this work provide both contextual and practical blueprints for qualitative and collaborative learning and it will benefit education authorities and institutions that offer specialised nursing training and programmes to students for effective and qualitative health care delivery

Gestión de talento humano y satisfacción laboral en bancos de Guayaquil

Este estudio consideró como objetivo establecer la conexión que existe entre gestión de talento humano y la satisfacción laboral en los bancos con mayor capital financiero de Guayaquil. La investigación fue cuantitativa, método inferencial, diseño descriptivo-correlacional. Se utilizó cuestionario con escala de Likert de 40 ítems para recaudar información, la muestra poblacional fue 370 empleados. Obteniendo en el análisis de fiabilidad un valor significativo de 0.911. En la prueba de KMO y Bartlett dio un resultado significativo <0.05, se utilizó para la extracción de datos, el método de rotación, Varimax de Kaiser, quedando convergido 10 iteraciones en la matriz de varianza factorial exploratoria. La prueba de Chi-Cuadrado permitió comprobar la probabilidad de las correlaciones entre las hipótesis con una estimación relevante p<0.05. En el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio se utilizó la gráfica de path diagram del programa SPSS AMOS 26.0 para establecer las estimaciones factoriales de variables latentes cuyos valores absolutos fueron >0.3, concluyendo que se logró comprobar la conexión positiva entre gestión de talento humano y satisfacción laboral de los empleados en los bancos con mayor capital financiero de Guayaquil.

Path Analysis of Social Support as Determinant of Anxiety in People at Risk of Covid-19 during The Pandemic

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an acute respiratory syndrome with a variety of specific symptoms that can lead to fatal death, causing public anxiety about contracting this disease and uncertainty of health status. The purpose of this study was to determine the path analysis of the effect of social support on anxiety for people at risk of Covid-19 during the pandemic.Method: The design was an explanatory study with a population of all Covid-19 People at Risk in Kemlagi District, Mojokerto Regency, with a sample of 150 respondents by random sampling. The exogenous variable was social support which is measured using the Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ). The endogenous variable was anxiety measured by the GAD-7 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7) questionnaire which consists of 7 questions about signs and symptoms of normal/appropriate affective, cognitive, and physical behavior. The analysis with Structural of Equation Model (SEM) with Partial Lease Square (PLS) approach with theory-based model development and path diagram development.Result: The level of anxiety of people at risk in facing the Covid-19 outbreak is directly affected by emotional support (path coefficient of 0.516 and statistical T value of 8.289), and information support about Covid-19 with a path coefficient of 0.286 and statistical T value of 3.868. Instrumental support has an indirect effect on anxiety (significance probability (P) 0.385> 0.05). The findings in this study are that social support (emotional and informational) can reduce the level of anxiety of people at risk of Covid-19 during the pandemic.Conclusion: When people are at risk of facing the Covid-19 outbreak, social support helps improve people's ability to the interpretation of stressors during the pandemic properly, and utilize the resources used in solving problems, and good coping efforts, so that the level of anxiety during the pandemic decreased.

On the Design of Continuously Variable Transmissions with Bidirectional Bridge Structures for Hybrid Vehicles

To increase the energy efficiency of road vehicles, an ideal transmission system should have a wide ratio coverage, a high torque capacity, and a high mechanical efficiency. Continuously variable units (CVUs) have been successfully implemented due to the smooth ratio variation, sufficient torque capacity, and ratio coverage. Hence, it will be beneficial to develop a hybrid powertrain comprising a CVU. In this paper, a design method called the “basic path diagram” (BPD) is proposed. It provides a simplified schematic of the system and represents the generic connections among the mechanical components. The system configurations synthesized by the BPD can be sorted according to three characteristics: Direction of power flows through the CVU, coupling pattern of the power inputs, and number of transmission paths parallel to the CVU. The first characteristic determines the number of times the CVU ratio coverage can be exploited, the second characteristic determines whether the torque of the power inputs can be independently controlled, and the third characteristic can help reduce the torque loading of the CVU. With the aid of a BPD, one of the possible system configurations is provided as an example. The result shows that the system can exploit twice the ratio coverage of the CVU and reduce the torque and power transmitted by the CVU in combination with planetary gearsets.

The relational patterns of selected factors influencing the EFL college learners’ reading comprehension

Having an effect on reading, metacognitive awareness, self-efficacy and motivation are considered as the main factor in affecting EFL reading comprehension. Thus, the aim of the present study is to investigate the relational pattern of those selected factors toward EFL reading comprehension and investigates the contribution of each variable. The design is categorized as quantitative study. The subjects of the study consisted of 90 students of the English Letters and Language, Humanity Faculty, UIN Maliki Malang. The instruments used in this study are a test and questionnaires. Moreover, the data are analyzed using multiple regression techniques including a correlation design called Path Analysis. The result of the study has shown that the regression model in the first layer is proven insignificant to the independent variable. The total contribution of all variables in the first layer is 2.5%. While, the regression model of second layer is proven significant. The total contribution of all variables in the path diagram in the second layer of this study is 44.86%. Based on the result, it is suggested for the future research to have a research on other factors such as combining affective and cognitive factors while considering students’ diversity such proficiency level, personality and gender.

Sociology and Sport, the Analysis of Social Grounds Affecting the Tendency of Citizens Toward the Public Sport in Iran: Case Study: the City of Kerman in 2020

The present study has been done using the Survey Research. The research sample scale equals 400 people, besides its statistical population is included the 15-year population and most of the city of Kerman in 2020. The method of multistage-cluster-stratified sampling was used in five districts of the city of Kerman, moreover the results have been analyzed by SPSS and AMOSS16 software, and only is one model fitted with reality among five models of designed path. The results of analysis of path diagram indicate that other coefficients of the path all of them are significant except the direct impact of one's image of the body on sport-based cultural capital and social class on the tendency toward the public sport. Other results of the study suggest that sport-based socio-economic capital leaves an indirect effect on sport-based cultural capital by which the tendency of citizens toward the sport grows up. At that showing athletic advertisements in the media are effective on the tendency of citizens to public sport.

A Study on Teacher’s Perception about Components of English Handwriting in Pakistan

Handwriting is an essential of school activities for the school going children. Good or legible handwriting remained a constant task for the teachers and students during the whole day. The teachers recognize the legible handwriting at a gland due to their routine work in the schools. The teacher’s criterion that lies behind their decision of good handwriting was a question to answer in this study. The purpose of this study was to identify the components of legibility from the teachers’ perspective. Referencing handwriting experts and a literature review, key variables were categorized and organized onto a 5-point Likert Scale questionnaire. Teachers’ responses to the various legibility criteria were then tallied with regards to primary school students. Mean, standard deviation, exploratory factor analysis and path diagram statistics were applied to the ordinal data. It was concluded that twelve components were important for the legibility of handwriting of primary school students. These include Readability, Margin, Similarity, Line, Space, Size, Shape, Roundness, Form, Slant, Alignment and Recognition.