scholarly journals Skolt Sami and industrialization

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Panu Itkonen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
The State ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Industrial Economic

This article shows how the Finnish state, in connection to international actors, has advanced industrialization, territorialization, and commodification on the Skolt Sami home grounds, and how the Skolt Sami people’s nature-linked livelihood activities have changed or become threatened in connection with these processes. The theoretical starting points of the article sheds light on territorialization and the power practices of the state, and on commodification (i.e. the development of industrial economic features). The three cases of territorialization and commodification discussed in this article are the following: (1) the industrialization of the Petsamo area until1944, (2) the industrialization of reindeer herding from 1995 on, and (3) the Arctic Ocean railroad plan in 2016–2021. The article argues that international factors have significantly influenced the process of state-directed territorialization, which on several occasions has divided the Skolt Sami. Furthermore, the article claims that in the process of commodification, despite having changed, traditional nature-related livelihood activities are important for the continuity of the Skolt Sami way of life. Keywords: Skolt Sami, livelihoods, reindeer herding, natural resources, state, industrialization

Introduction

The Arctic ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Dodds ◽  
Mark Nuttall
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
The State ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Thawing Permafrost

Every week, stories about the Arctic, usually addressing the state of sea ice extent and thickness, diminishing glaciers, rapidly thawing permafrost, acidification of the Arctic Ocean, the resource potential of the region, the opening of new shipping routes, and possible geopolitical tensions, appear in the...

Racing for the Arctic with a Strategy of Restraint

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Reich ◽  
Peter Dombrowski
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Navy ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
New Commons ◽  
Traditional Strategy

This chapter examines the shift from a traditional strategy of isolationism to an embryonic variant of a strategy of retrenchment (called “restraint”) in the Arctic region. The Arctic is an area where environmental and economic (natural resources) concerns dominate the US agenda. Security considerations such as contested sovereignty – and the question of what proponents of a strategy of restraint call “chokepoints” – are generally neglected. The chapter therefore begins with a vignette about the Russians planting a titanium flag on the bed of the Arctic Ocean as the segue to a broader discussion of the strategic implications of the ice melt. We focus on the emergence of a new “commons;’” the development of new chokepoints that American strategists currently debate; and the lack of desire (and capacity) of the US Navy to take on this new role.

scholarly journals La producción del espacio en el océano Ártico ruso entre 1991 y 2020: de tendencia silvestre del territorio a paisaje operativo urbano = The production of space in the Russian Arctic ocean between 1991 and 2020: from wilderness trend of the territory to urban operational landscape

2020 ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Javier Morell López
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Production Of Space ◽  
Productive Force ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
Arctic Ice

ResumenEl deshielo de la banquisa polar ártica y la consecuente mejor accesibilidad marítima al océano Ártico están produciendo cambios en la geopolítica global. La Federación de Rusia, consciente de su nueva privilegiada posición estratégica, está realizando grandes esfuerzos para volver a dominar parte de esta región, experimentándose un auge militar con el fin de movilizar el territorio como fuerza productiva. El creciente flujo de mercancías y capitales, la extracción de recursos naturales y el turismo, están transformando el Ártico ruso de territorio salvaje a paisaje operativo de la urbanización planetaria. En este artículo se estudian estos fenómenos desde una geopolítica crítica y cómo se está produciendo el espacio en torno a ellos.AbstractThe melting of the Arctic ice floe and the consequent improved maritime accessibility to the Arctic Ocean are producing changes in global geopolitics. The Russian Federation, aware of its new privileged strategic position, is making great efforts to re-dominate part of this region, experiencing a military boom in order to mobilize the territory as a productive force. The growing flow of goods and capital, the extraction of natural resources and tourism are transforming the Russian Arctic from a wild territory into an operational landscape of planetary urbanization. In this article we study these phenomena from a critical geopolitical perspective and how space is being produced around them.

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