Investigation of Groundwater Flow Direction in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (12A) ◽  
pp. 1744-1750
Author(s):  
Francis J. OGBOZIGE ◽  
Michael A. Toko
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Surface Elevation ◽  
Municipal Water Supply ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Static Water ◽  
The City ◽  
Static Water Level

The lack of reliable municipal water supply in the city of Port Harcourt has led to indiscriminate drilling of boreholes by the residents however, the direction of groundwater flow within the entire city has not been established. Hence, the research investigated the flow direction of groundwater in the study area in order to understand the best location for siting septic tanks and dumpsites with respect to the position of the existing or proposed borehole. This was achieved by determining the hydraulic heads (Hh) of twenty boreholes evenly distributed within the city by subtracting the static water level (SWL) from the corresponding earth surface elevation (E) with the use of a GPS and dipmeter. Results revealed that the hydraulic heads ranged from 0.14 – 23.16m while the surface elevation and static water level lies between 1.93 – 39.33m and 1.79 – 17.27m respectively. The contour map of the hydraulic heads indicated that the groundwater flows towards the southern and south-western directions hence, the residents were advised to take into cognizance when sitting dumpsites, landfills, and septic tanks with respect to proposed or existing boreholes.

PNEUMATIC HAMMER SOIL VAPOR PROBES AND MINIATURE PIEZOMETERS FOR GASOLINE SPILL DELINEATION AND CLEANUP

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Kerfoot ◽  
Jon R. Soderberg
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cape Cod ◽  
Pneumatic Hammer ◽  
Vapor Detection ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Static Water ◽  
Vapor Analysis ◽  
Static Water Level

ABSTRACT In a new twist on an old procedure, pneumatically injected miniature well points may change soil investigations much as nail guns have changed carpentry. Soil vapor analysis has increasingly gained attention as a means of locating and monitoring subsurface gasoline spills. Accurate depiction of the plume position requires reproducible vapor detection and monitoring. In addition, static water level needs to be determined to understand flow direction. Miniature aluminum slitted well points can be mass-produced by computer-aided production facilities to create low-cost identical copies about 10 cm in length. The small points can be inserted into shafts and injected into the ground. The shaft is then pulled back, leaving a flexible teflon or polypropylene tubing attached. A gasoline spill at Falmouth, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, provided an opportunity to test the use of the injected “shield” points. More than 40 vapor points were installed in two days during four transects across a product plume located 10 m below grade.

A comprehensive approach of hydrological issues related to ground water using GIS in the Hindu holy city of Gaya, India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun Kumar Lohani ◽  
Melkamu Teshome Ayana ◽  
Abdella Kemal Mohammed ◽  
Mohammad Shabaz ◽  
Gaurav Dhiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The People ◽  
Static Water ◽  
The City ◽  
Holy City

Purpose Gaya, the holy city of Hindus, Buddhists and Jains, is facing an acute shortage of potable water. Although the city is blessed with some static and dynamic water bodies all around the region, they do not fulfill the requirement of millions of public either inhabitants of the area or tourists or pilgrims flocking every day. Countless crowds, congested roads, swarming pedestrians, innumerable vehicles moving throughout the day and night have made the city into a non-livable one. The present status of surface water is a mere nightmare to the requirements of the people. Due to which, massive ground water pumping mostly illegally has added a grid in addition to the other socio-economic issues. Design/methodology/approach To focus on such problem, the ground water of the region was studied thoroughly by calculating the depth of water level, discharge, pre-and post-monsoon water table and specifically the storativity in ten different locations. Some data were acquired, others were assessed, and few are calculated to provide an overall view of the ground water scenario. Findings After a long and tedious field study, it was finally established from that static water level ranges from 2.45 to 26.59 m, below ground level (bgl), discharge varies from 3.21 m3/day to 109.32 m3/day. Post pumping drawdown falls between 0.93 m and 16.59 m, whereas the specific capacity lies in between 0.96 and 7.78 m3/hr/m. Transmissivity, which is a key objective to assess ground water potential ranges from 109.8 to 168.86 m2/day. Originality/value This research work is original.

scholarly journals Particle Tracking Using Dynamic Water-Level Data

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2063
Author(s):  
Yuan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Pressure Transducers ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Water Level Data ◽  
Fluid Particles

The movement of fluid particles about historic subsurface releases is often governed by dynamic subsurface water levels. Motivations for tracking the movement of fluid particles include tracking the fate of subsurface contaminants and resolving the fate of water stored in subsurface aquifers. This study provides a novel method for predicting the movement of subsurface particles relying on dynamic water-level data derived from continuously recording pressure transducers. At least three wells are needed to measure water levels which are used to determine the plain of the water table. Based on Darcy’s law, particle flow pathlines at the study site are obtained using the slope of the water table. The results show that hydrologic conditions, e.g., seasonal transpiration and precipitation, influence local groundwater flow. The changes of water level in short periods caused by the hydrologic variations made the hydraulic gradient diversify considerably, thus altering the direction of groundwater flow. Although a range of groundwater flow direction and gradient with time can be observed by an initial review of water levels in rose charts, the net groundwater flow at all field sites is largely constant in one direction which is driven by the gradients with higher magnitude.

scholarly journals Static Water Level and Elevation Analyses of Shallow Hand-Dug Wells in Ilorin Metropolis, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Oluwaseun E. Odipe ◽  
Henry O. Sawyerr ◽  
Solomon O. Adewoye
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
Static Water ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Development And Management ◽  
Static Water Level

Aim: This study was conducted to reveal the depth to water level and surface elevation in selected hand-dug wells within Ilorin metropolis to assist in planning and management of water resources within the study area. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Ilorin metropolis, North Central,           Nigeria. Methodology: A total of twenty-six (26) hand-dug wells were sampled and relevant spatial information was acquired using a handheld GPS; data collected include: longitude, latitude, elevation and depth to water, then the static water level above sea level was estimated by the difference between depth to water and elevation. Statistical analyses such as mean and standard deviation were determined, also a base map, contour maps and 3-D elevation model of the study area were produced using ArcGIS 10.4 and Surfer 10 software. Results: The depth to water within the study area ranges between 1.6 m and 13.3m, while elevation were between 284.1 m and 377.9 m, then the static water level ranges between 270.8 m and 371.4 m. The static water level contour map showed a radial and multidimensional groundwater flow pattern trending in the NE–SW and NW–SE directions while the 3-D elevation model revealed an undulating terrain. Conclusion: The study concluded that the depth to groundwater is relatively shallow and this can guide proper development and management of groundwater resources within the metropolis.

scholarly journals Geotechnical Competence Assessment and Groundwater Prospect Deductions from Geoelectrical Sounding around Idanre Local Government Area of Ondo State, Southwestern Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
O. O. Falowo
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Groundwater Prospect ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Foundation Construction ◽  
Overburden Thickness ◽  
Static Water ◽  
Weathered Layer ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
Static Water Level

Sixty vertical electrical soundings with maximum electrode spacing of 100 m; and seventy static water level measurements were undertaken in Idanre Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria with the aim of assessing the engineering competence of the soil material to host civil engineering structures; and also establish notable point/location with groundwater prospect for borehole drilling and development. Typical sounding curves from the area include H, A, HA, KH, QH, and AA reflecting diverse lithological variations. The H, A, and HA curve types are the most preponderant constituting 30%, 15% and 25% respectively. The A (15%) and AA (7%) curve types suggest subsurface geoelectric configurations apparently favourable for foundation construction, as they showed an increase in resistivity (competence) with a corresponding increase in depth. The QH, KH, HA and H curve types constituting about 78% are favourable for groundwater accumulation and development. The topsoil is generally composed of sandy clay which is moderately competent soil material to harbour civil structures such as road, buildings. Although some degree of settlement is expected especially along traverses where the weathered layer is clayey. The study shows that 70% of the area in the upper 10 m is moderately suitable for civil engineering shallow foundation construction. The weathered layer is generally clay/sandy clay with resistivity less than 200 Ω-m, therefore can serve as earth medium for electrical material. The major aquifer units in the area are combined weathered layer and fractured basement (common in Aponmu and Jimgbe); a weathered layer (prominent in Imolumu, Ayefemi, Onipanu and Ajegunle) and fractured basement aquifer (found in Ajegunle and Odode). The maximum probable drilling depth to these aquifers varies between 15 m to 30 m. Areas with high static water level are characterized by thin overburden thickness (shallow depth to basement rocks). Also, areas with low static water level have corresponding thick overburden thickness (deep depth to basement rock/high depth of weathering). However substantial settlement may occur in areas with high static water level which could exceed the tolerable limit and threatens the integrity of structures during the raining season, coupled with the clayey nature of the weathered layer in many places.

STATIC WATER LEVEL MAPPING IN EAST CENTRAL MICHIGAN

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Hill-Rowley ◽  
Thomas McClain ◽  
Matthew Malone
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
East Central ◽  
Static Water ◽  
Static Water Level
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