scholarly journals Translation During the Christian Century in Japan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Tollini
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
Christian Doctrine ◽  
Jesuit Missionaries ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Christian Century

This essay presents examples of translation of keywords of the Christian doctrine translated by Jesuit missionaries during the so-called ‘Christian century’, when Europeans undertook the conversion of the Japanese, between the second half of the 16th century and the first part of the following. The purpose is to highlight the difficulties of translation between very distant and different cultures, and the strategies that were devised in order to overcome the problems.

Tea Ceremony as a Space for Interreligious Dialogue

Exchange ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-142
Author(s):  
Naoko Frances Hioki
Keyword(s):  
Interreligious Dialogue ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Religious Dialogue ◽  
Jesuit Missionaries ◽  
Tea Ceremony ◽  
Religious Differences ◽  
The Way

Abstract This paper explores the potential of Japanese tea ceremony to be an aesthetic space for inter-religious dialogue. Through a study of historical encounters that took place between European Jesuit missionaries and Japanese tea masters in the late 16th century, this paper elucidates the missionaries’ experiences of tea ceremonies and discusses the validity and limitation of a tea house as a space for cross-cultural and interreligious dialogue. The fruit of tea ceremony in terms of interreligious dialogue includes a shared sense of aesthetic communion that is attained through communal enjoyment of the beauty of nature and drinking a cup of tea in an isolated tea house, where guests are invited to cast away worries of everyday business, as well as their social and religious differences; whereas its limitation pertains to marked indifference toward verbal communication that is characteristic to the way of tea, and thus the historical missionaries’ experience was limited to aesthetic paradigm and did not lead to logical understanding of doctrinal differences between Buddhists and Christians.

scholarly journals The ethical power of music in the 'Ave Maria' motet by Claudio Monteverdi

2021 ◽  
pp. 174-186
Author(s):  
Senka Belić
Keyword(s):  
Sacred Music ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Claudio Monteverdi ◽  
Christian Doctrine ◽  
Ethical Foundation ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The One

Since ancient times, the concept of ethos has been a distinguished part of cultural heritage, living in various spheres of social, cultural, intellectual and religious life. During the Renaissance, the encounter of rhetorical categories and Christian doctrine opened the space for the manifestation of ethos in sacred music. Ethos is important as a rhetorical category, therefore, as a way to achieve persuasiveness, in which the theory of ethos of the Greek rhetorician Hermogenes of Tarsus will be consulted. Following this theory, which was also known in the Renaissance, a series of counterpoint methods will take form, which may indicate the manifestation of certain subcategories of ethos in music. Having in mind Hermogenes' concept of ethos on the one hand, and the significance of ethos in the Christian figure of Mary on the other, this paper examines a chain of manifestations and, given Hermogenes' subcategories, offers an in-depth reading of the text and music in the motet from the end of the 16th century. It is an early work of Claudio Monteverdi on the words of the Ave Maria prayer, which, according to its religious function and meaning, represents not only a concise appeal to the ethos of believers, but also the ethical foundation of Marian devotions.

scholarly journals Participation of Women in the Notarial Public Deed of the 16th Century. From the Constriction of the Marital Licence to the Fullness of Widowhood

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Alicia Marchant Rivera ◽  
Lorena Barco Cebrian
Keyword(s):  
Married Woman ◽  
General System ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Christian Doctrine ◽  
Spanish Law ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
In The Beginning

This study intends to analyse the participation of the married woman and the widow in the notarial public deed of the 16th century, in Spain, in light of the notarial forms and treatises of the time and the process itself of executing a notarial public deed. Visigothic Law would gather, to certain extent, Roman limitations and the openness brought by the Christian doctrine, resulting in the different legal systems of High Medieval times, when the married woman needed a licence from her husband in order to act. Spanish Law 56 of Toro would regulate the marital licence as a general system and compulsory requirement for the valid intervention of the married woman. In the beginning of the 16th century, not a few women executed notarial deeds and wrote royal letters related to registering as residents, returning properties and shortening litigations.

Bateren und Samurai

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-464
Author(s):  
Folker Reichert
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Missionary Work ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Jesuit Missionaries ◽  
Jesuit Order ◽  
Christian Century ◽  
Japanese Islands

Summary Bateren and Samurai.The Exchange of Knowledge by the Jesuit Mission in Japan This article focuses on the production and exchange of knowledge stimulated by the missionary work of the Jesuit Order in Japan’s „Christian century“ (Charles R. Boxer). The paper shows how the printing and dissemination of Jesuit travel reports and letters created a new image of East Asia, which slowly replaced the older one based mainly on Marco Polo’s book. „Zipangu“ was replaced by „Japan“. The journey of four young Japanese nobles through Portugal, Spain and Italy, misunderstood by European observers as a spectacular diplomatic visit, aroused an overwhelming public interest in their physical appearance, habits and cultural background and made dialogues possible that led to a more detailed knowledge of the Japanese islands. On the other side of the globe, the Japanese were fascinated by the material goods, daily practices and customs of the „Southern barbarians“ (namban-jin), which is what they called the (South) European merchants and missionaries. This namban boom did not last for a long time, but it had significant effects for the geographical knowledge and cartographical practice of the time. In particular, the so-called namban world map screens, highly decorative pieces of art, brought different cultural traditions together and reflected the transcultural interactions that the Jesuit missionaries had initiated.

The Spanish quest for Empire

Antiquity ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 66 (250) ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
Tom Dillehay ◽  
Kathleen Deagan
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Contact Period ◽  
State Expansion ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
The World ◽  
Western European ◽  
Different Cultures

Observance of the Columbus Quincentenary has greatest relevance when focused on historical processes at a global scale. Nevertheless, American events and circumstances of the contact period have not received from archaeologists the attention given to the more pre-Hispanic Aztec and Inca.The 16th-century efforts of Spain, and other western European powers, to extend empire overseas into the Americas led to a frontier-state expansion and confrontation among vastly different cultures. Colliding with each other and with powerful indigenous societies, the Spanish established the most extensive empire in the New World (FIGURE 1). The outcome shaped the destiny of America, Spain and the world.

Electrochemical nucleation and growth of copper on iron and aluminum: A TEM study of industrial copper cementation

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
L.E. Murr ◽  
V. Annamalai
Keyword(s):  
Metal Surface ◽  
Copper Deposit ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Electrochemical Reactions ◽  
Mine Shaft ◽  
De Re ◽  
Copper Precipitation ◽  
Electrochemical Nucleation ◽  
Interesting System

Georgius Agricola in 1556 in his classical book, “De Re Metallica”, mentioned a strange water drawn from a mine shaft near Schmölnitz in Hungary that eroded iron and turned it into copper. This precipitation (or cementation) of copper on iron was employed as a commercial technique for producing copper at the Rio Tinto Mines in Spain in the 16th Century, and it continues today to account for as much as 15 percent of the copper produced by several U.S. copper companies.In addition to the Cu/Fe system, many other similar heterogeneous, electrochemical reactions can occur where ions from solution are reduced to metal on a more electropositive metal surface. In the case of copper precipitation from solution, aluminum is also an interesting system because of economic, environmental (ecological) and energy considerations. In studies of copper cementation on aluminum as an alternative to the historical Cu/Fe system, it was noticed that the two systems (Cu/Fe and Cu/Al) were kinetically very different, and that this difference was due in large part to differences in the structure of the residual, cement-copper deposit.

Understanding the Communication Needs of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students Who Are Deafblind

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Sandy K. Bowen ◽  
Silvia M. Correa-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Culturally And Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Linguistically Diverse Students ◽  
The Past ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
Different Cultures

America's population is more diverse than ever before. The prevalence of students who are culturally and/or linguistically diverse (CLD) has been steadily increasing over the past decade. The changes in America's demographics require teachers who provide services to students with deafblindness to have an increased awareness of different cultures and diversity in today's classrooms, particularly regarding communication choices. Children who are deafblind may use spoken language with appropriate amplification, sign language or modified sign language, and/or some form of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC).

Self-Promoting and Modest Job Applicants in Different Cultures

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Schmid Mast ◽  
Denise Frauendorfer ◽  
Laurence Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Background ◽  
Job Applicants ◽  
Presentation Style ◽  
Interview Situation ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Different Cultures

The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of the recruiter’s cultural background on the evaluation of a job applicant’s presentation style (self-promoting or modest) in an interview situation. We expected that recruiters from cultures that value self-promotion (e.g., Canada) will be more inclined to hire self-promoting as compared to modest applicants and that recruiters from cultures that value modesty (e.g., Switzerland) will be less inclined to hire self-promoting applicants than recruiters from cultures that value self-promotion. We therefore investigated 44 native French speaking recruiters from Switzerland and 40 native French speaking recruiters from Canada who judged either a self-promoting or a modest videotaped applicant in terms of hireability. Results confirmed that Canadian recruiters were more inclined to hire self-promoting compared to modest applicants and that Canadian recruiters were more inclined than Swiss recruiters to hire self-promoting applicants. Also, we showed that self-promotion was related to a higher intention to hire because self-promoting applicants are perceived as being competent.

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