scholarly journals Yiddish in Helsinki and its Swedish component

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Simo Muir
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Distinctive Character ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Talmud Torah ◽  
The Town ◽  
First World ◽  
Oral Stories

Yiddish has been spoken in Helsinki since 1850s when the Jewish Cantonist soldiers and their families were allowed to settle in the town. The first generations born in Helsinki had the possibility to attend heders and a Talmud-torah where religious subjects were conducted in Yiddish. In the wake of Yiddishizm many Yiddish-speaking societies were founded before and after the First World War. My research attempts an analysis of Helsinki Yiddish and a survey of Yiddish culture in Helsinki. The material used for this paper comprises both written and oral stories. Most Yiddish speakers in Helsinki have been bilingual. The over hundred years of coexistence with Finnish-Swedish has given Helsinki Yiddish its own distinctive character, which deserves to be recorded and studied. Especially unique is the interference of Swedish morphology with its peculiarities.

scholarly journals Collective Motherliness in Italy. Reception and Reformulation of Ellen Key’s feminist ideas in Sibilla Aleramo and Ada Negri (1905-1921)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Ulla Åkerström
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Single Motherhood ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First World ◽  
Idealistic View

This paper aims to explore how the Swedish writer Ellen Key’s ideas on collective motherliness and on the relationship between man and woman were received and reformulated in the articles, poetry and prose of Sibilla Aleramo and Ada Negri before and after the First World War. The ideas in Aleramo’s autobiographical novel Una donna (1906) were close to Key’s theories, but her autobiographical novel Il passaggio (1919) was quite different. Ada Negri’s idealistic view of motherhood, as expressed in her collection of poetry Maternità (1904), corresponded to parts of Key’s conception of motherhood, while Negri’s dream of single motherhood and the realisation of that ideal is emphasized in her autobiographical novel Stella mattutina (1921).

The Winchester Repeating Arms Company’s Exports to Foreign Powers During the First World War

2021 ◽  
Vol VII (1) ◽  
pp. 37-60
Author(s):  
Matthew Moss
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
Small Arms ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Buffalo Bill ◽  
Before And After ◽  
War Effort ◽  
First World

During the First World War, the Winchester Repeating Arms Company was one of a number of American small arms manufacturers that played a key role in the Entente’s war effort. Winchester provided not only rifles, but also ammunition and munitions materials to all three of the major Allied nations—Britain, France, and Russia. This article was written following a fresh survey of the available documentation from the period which survives in the Winchester archives, now held by the McCracken Library at the Buffalo Bill Center of the West, in Cody, Wyoming. As may be expected, the available documentation is incomplete and thus the conclusions contained herein are necessarily limited. Nonetheless, it is clear from the magnitude of Winchester’s work—both before and after the United States’ entry into the war—that the company played a significant role in arming the Entente powers during a period when European industrial capacity was at its limits. This article explores the scope of the company’s work and identifies several of the key items supplied to their European customers. The author also sheds new light on some of the difficulties and challenges Winchester faced in carrying out their wartime production.

Participation of nobles in the Country Assembly of the Bessarabian Governorate during the First World War

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
O.V. Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
First World War ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
World War ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Town Council ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Town ◽  
First World

This work is devoted to the issue of governorate zemstvos, to the consideration of issues that were resolved during the First World War, as well as to the study of the participation of nobles in the zemstvo governorate and county assembly. The abolition of serfdom was the reason for the creation of zemstvos. They were necessary for the exercise of local self-government in the administrative-territorial units of the Russian Empire. In the second half of the XIX – early XX century zemstvos had an important place in the social and economic development of all governorates of the Russian Empire, on which territory they were formed. All issues of social and economic security of the governorate were decided at the Governorate Zemstvo Assembly. Estimates of expected revenues and expenditures for the year were discussed at these meetings during the First World War. The issues of providing the necessary funding for the organization of work of zemstvo institutions, providing social security to the employees of zemstvo organizations were also considered. During the First World War, the issues related to the payment of social assistance to refugees and families of lower military ranks were added to the current ones. Qualified personnel were needed to ensure the work of the zemstvo bodies. They were representatives of the highest social class. The leaders of the County Zemstvo Assembly of the Bessarabian governorate held the positions of members of the town council in the Governorate Zemstvo Assembly. As a result of research based on the address-calendars of the Bessarabian governorate using statistical and chronological methods, it became known that the nobles held almost all the positions of members of the town council in the Governorate Zemstvo Assembly during the First World War. In 1914 and before the elections held in 1915, their number was 94.5%, and after the election of 1915, their number was already 94.1%. Upon the amendments in the legislation of the Russian Empire in 1890, the landowners, who were representatives of the small nobility, had the right to participate in the election of county members of the town council.

From Flanders to Glanders

2018 ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Anthony Rimmington
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Biological Warfare ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
The Town ◽  
First World

There is substantive evidence of the long-term integration of veterinary microbiological facilities within the USSR’s biological warfare programs. The initial impetus to this process were the concerns of the early Soviet regime over BW sabotage attacks by Germany in the First World War. In December 1918, the Red Army created its own military veterinary facility which was eventually transferred to Zagorsk. BW research also appears to have been pursued at a civil laboratory on Lisii Island close to the town of Vyshny Volochek.

Co-operative internationalism in practice: the International Co-operative Alliance (ICA) before and after the First World War

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Hilson
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
World War ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Centre Of Gravity ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Before And After ◽  
First World

Drawing on the histories of other international organisations, the chapter explores the practice of co-operative internationalism within the International Co-operative Alliance (ICA) from its foundation in 1895. The chapter traces the development of the ICA’s internal organisation and the conflict that this sometimes generated, especially over the need to balance the diverse interests of different national members. The chapter analyses the role of the International Co-operative Congresses, held triennially in different European cities and how these changed over the period. It asks what the co-operative congresses can tell us about the rituals and practices of inter-war internationalism, including practical matters such as language and the logistics of travel. It also examines the changing geography of international co-operation, tracing the shift in the ICA’s centre of gravity towards northern Europe over the period.

World War I and the Finns of Astoria, Oregon: The Effects of the War on an Immigrant Community

1977 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. George Hummasti
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
First World War ◽  
Immigrant Community ◽  
American Population ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
European Immigrants ◽  
The Town ◽  
First World ◽  
Increased Activity

The situation produced by the First World War greatly influenced communities of European immigrants in America, like the settlement of Finns at Astoria, Oregon. The war changed the relationships of Finns there among themselves, with their old homeland, and with the American population of the town. These changes, the last in particular, were felt most acutely by a large group of Finnish socialists. The war encouraged them to increased activity and brought to the Americans a heightened awareness of them both as foreigners and as radicals. This led to attempts by the Americans to suppress radicalism among the Finns.

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