scholarly journals The effect of liquid pig manure on the wheat yield, content and balance of nutrients in light-gray forest soil with light particle-size composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 456-466
Author(s):  
V. I. Titova ◽  
L. D. Varlamova ◽  
R. N. Rybin ◽  
T. V. Andronova
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Light Particle ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Particle Size Composition ◽  
Positive Balance

The research has been carried out under production conditions on light gray forest soils with light particle-size composition at an area of 550 hectares where liquid pig manure (LPM) of a large pig breeding complex is annually used as an organic fertilizer at doses of 60 and 90 t/ha. The average characteristics of LPM are as follows: dry matter content is 9.5%, pH 7.7 units, nitrogen 0.22%, phosphorus 0.11%, and potassium 0.12%. The cultivated grain crops were presented by winter and spring wheat varieties, Moskovskaya 39 and Esther, respectively. It has been established that at the dose of 60 t/ha LPM for two years of research at an average a mean wheat yield was 3.0-3.75 t/ha, and at the dose of 90 t/ha - up to 4.75 t/ha. The return on investments for fertilizers in the “winter wheat → spring wheat” crop rotation link at the dose of 60 t/ha of LPM was 5.41 kg of grain per 1 kg of active substance of manure, at the dose of 90 t/ha - 4.57 kg / kg. A positive balance of nutritional elements developed on all fields, but it was better balanced when the dose of LPM was 60 t/ha and the yield was 3.0 t/ha of grain annually, or when the LPM dose was 90 t/ha and the yield of wheat was 4.75 t/ha. In this case, the estimated potassi-um supply of soil occurs at a lower rate than that of nitrogen and phosphorus. The application of 120 t of LPM during two years in total on loamy sand and of 180 t/ha on light loamy soil provided an increase in the content of mobile phosphorus compounds by 5-22 mg/kg, and potassium - by 11-30 mg/kg with a variation coefficient of 28-57% and 21-49%, respectively.

scholarly journals The formation of the soil section by morphological characteristics in technosol of Semenivsko-Holovkivske lignite open-cut

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
O. M. Masiuk
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Light Particle ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Humus Formation ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Particle Size Composition

Analysis of morphological descriptions of technosol sections indicates the following features of soil formation in technosol under common pine plantations. The particle-size composition in all variants depends above all on the composition of rocks, which form technosol. There is a color change in the upper layer of lithosol section, where the initial stage of humus formation and humus accumulation processes take place. The humus layer, which indicates the speed of these processes, is present only in the upper and lower third of the slope in 20-year-old common pine plantations and ranges from 7 cm in the upper to 10 cm in the lower third of the slope, which may be the result of flat erosion on the slope. There is no humus horizon in valley bottom, as  spring water stagnation occurs there, which caused the death of most of the plantings, which were the main source of organic matter entering the soil. The inhibition in the processes of humus formation under the plantations that develop on the upland occurs due to the low content of the dusty fraction. The formation of the soil structure was not observed in technosols formed from rocks with light particle-size composition (sandy loam and sand); on loamy variants, it passes intensively in the upper 10–15 cm layer, which contains most plant roots, worms and insects. The presence of a plate structure has a industry-related origin and is formed when heavy machinery passes through rocks with a high moisture content. An important indicator of the initial processes of soil formation is the decompression of technosols and the speed of this process. This process is the most quick under 23-year-old plantations on a upland, cultivated on rocks with light particle-size composition (the loose horizon is 80 cm), on a slope in a 20-year-old plantation on heavier rocks, this process is much slower (the loose horizon is about 7–10 cm). Brown coal, inclusions of carbonaceous clays, rippled and kaolin clays can be found among the inclusions. The number and composition of the inclusions depends on the nature of the rocks, which form tehnosol. The new growths of biological origin should be mentioned, among which there are biological capillaries, represented by root passages with a diameter of 4–7 mm, filled with soil material enriched with organic substances and ones with the diameter of 2–3 mm to 1 cm, filled with coprolites and soil mass. Thus, changes in technosols identified by morphological features depend on open-pit rocks which form the edaphotope, their composition and properties, on the quality of the technical stage of reclamation and on the terrain of the formed territory.

scholarly journals Spring wheat yield (Triticum aestivum L.) when applying selenium fertilizers in extreme growing conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 843 (1) ◽  
pp. 012038
Author(s):  
I I Seregina ◽  
I G Makarskaya ◽  
A S Tsygutkin ◽  
I V Kirichkova
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract To study the effect of sodium Selenite application different methods on the yield of spring wheat varieties, depending on the conditions of water supply, a series of vegetation experiments in accordance with the methodology were carried out. The object of the study is spring wheat of the Zlata variety (Triticum aestivum L.). It was found that the effect of selenium on the yield of wheat of the Zlata variety depended on the method of its application and the conditions of water supply. With optimal water supply, the positive effect of selenium on the yield of spring wheat plants was revealed with both methods of applying sodium selenite. It was found that in conditions of drought, the positive effect of selenium was obtained with both methods of using sodium selenite. The greatest efficiency of selenium is obtained in foliar processing of plants. The increase in grain weight in this variant was 1.4 times. The increase in the share of the agronomic significant part of the wheat crop yield to 36% is shown, which indicates the decrease in the negative effect of drought on the formation of spring wheat yield when using foliar processing of plants.

Statistical Modelling of the Particle Size Composition of an Alumina Matrix for No-Cement Self-Flowing Refractory Castables

2006 ◽  
Vol 514-516 ◽  
pp. 604-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abílio P. Silva ◽  
Ana M. Segadães ◽  
Tessaleno C. Devezas
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Particle Size Composition ◽  
Refractory Castables ◽  
System Properties

In the processing of any particulate system (including refractory castables), the finer sized particle fraction (matrix or filler) is mostly responsible for the final system properties. Alumina fine powders were used in this work as raw materials, namely two tabular alumina fractions (–500 mesh and –230 mesh) and a commercial reactive alumina. Statistical modelling and the Response Surface Methodology (Statistica, Mixtures Designs and Triangular Surfaces module) were used to optimise the particle size composition of the three-component mixtures leading to matrix maximum flowability. The mixing methodology, aimed at minimising the water content, was kept constant. No-cement alumina castables produced with the various fine size powder mixtures, were used to prepare test-pieces. After drying and sintering, their mechanical resistance (MoR), density, porosity, water absorption, thermal shock behaviour and microstructure were evaluated. The results obtained evidenced the relevance of variables such as the water content per unit specific surface area, needed to reach the self-flow “turning point”, and validated the statistical optimisation method used. Moreover those results showed the existence of a matrix composition range, which favours the formation of a flow-bed that enables the aggregate self-flow.

scholarly journals Determination of soil grain size composition by measuring apparent weight of float submerged in suspension

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Kaszubkiewicz ◽  
Witold Wilczewski ◽  
Tibor József Novák ◽  
Przemysław Woźniczka ◽  
Krzysztof Faliński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Digital Transmission ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Laser Method ◽  
Particle Size Composition ◽  
Apparent Weight ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Stokes Equation

AbstractTexture is one of the most significant physical properties of soils. Over the years, several methods of its measuring were developed. The paper presents a method for determining the particle size composition of soils, based on the separation of particles in the sedimentation process. Density of suspension is determined on the basis of apparent weight changes of a float submerged in it. The weight of the float suspended on a thin line, at a given depth in the suspension, is measured with a sensitive piezoelectric dynamometer. The Stokes equation is used to calculate the content of soil fractions with equivalent diameters in the range of 0.001 to 0.1 mm. Digital transmission of results from the dynamometer, the temperature sensor and measurements of the distance defining the depth of immersion of the float to the computer enable calculations of particle size composition to be performed automatically. This paper presents the results of measurements of the particle size composition of artificially generated mixtures of ‘silt’ and ‘clay’. The results are compared with results obtained with other methods (including the laser method). A high level of repeatability of the results and satisfactory compatibility in relation to the reference pipette method are noted.

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