Metasurface-Based Cylindrical Lenses and Their Antenna Gain Enhancement

Electromagnetic metasurface lenses with the characteristic of being conformal to a cylindrical geometry are presented in this study. Based on the formulated principle of the cylindrical metasurface lens operating with transmission or reflection mode, the transmission or reflection phase gradient varying along the circumferential direction of a cylinder is implemented. A focused beam is observed at the objective focal point for each lens illuminated by a plane electromagnetic wave with transverse magnetic or transverse electric polarization. A coaxial-fed microstrip patch antenna element is used as a feeding of cylindrical metasurface lenses and positioned at their focal points, so as to evaluate their application in the enhancement of antenna gain along the boresight direction. By virtue of the focusing ability of presented lenses, effectively enhanced boresight gain from the cylindrical metasurface lens antennas are obtained, in comparison with the freestanding feeding antenna. The agreement between simulation and measurement validates the designs. Conformal integration or embedment of the electromagnetic lens into a certain platform skin with cylindrical characteristics is therefore potentially demonstrated, which implies an enhancement of boresight gain without obviously disturbing the local shape of the skin by apparent weight or drag.

The Characteristics of The Elevator Motion Based on The Object’s Apparent Weight

This study aims to examine the characteristics of the lift motion based on apparent weight data. This type of research is quantitative research with a survey method. The results showed that the apparent weight change only occurred when the elevator started moving and just before it stopped, acceleration at the beginning of the motion and deceleration at the end of the motion. Elevator has two characteristics of motion; straight motion with constant velocity and straight motion with constant acceleration. Straight motion with constant acceleration consists of accelerated motion that occurs at the beginning of the elavator motion, and straight motion with constant acceleration slowed down at the end of the elevator motion. Meanwhile, straight motion with constant velocity occurs with a longer duration. This study's results have implications for learning physics, one of which can be used as data to develop learning resources for physics in the form of student worksheets. Keywords: Apparent weight, Elevator motion, Newton's law

Biological Phenomena Mimic Astrophysical Principles Of Gravitation – Opening Perspective

It is conjectured that phenomena in biological microworld could be equated with astrophysical principles of gravitation. Fluids, gases that constitute 50-90 % of the total accredited biomass causes seclusion from stronger external gravitational fields. Seclusion due to buoyant condition is reflected in apparent ‘weight’ reduced. The g-value (self) to the tune of nanometer per second square in a massive body of a planet may be negligible, but in an isolated living mass at picometer distance, such acceleration is quite a significant force. Homogeneous and heterogeneous accretion; heating and cooling phenomena as well as the rhythmic pattern of growth due to elastic collisions in massive star; heat transfer mechanisms viz. radiation, (perspiration), conduction and convection; site of human core body temperature at liver, kidney, heart and parts of brain at central region under initial circular fetus situation; or coldest part of the periphery at toe, foot, hand demonstrates similarity between biological and astrophysical words

Determination of soil grain size composition by measuring apparent weight of float submerged in suspension

Texture is one of the most significant physical properties of soils. Over the years, several methods of its measuring were developed. The paper presents a method for determining the particle size composition of soils, based on the separation of particles in the sedimentation process. Density of suspension is determined on the basis of apparent weight changes of a float submerged in it. The weight of the float suspended on a thin line, at a given depth in the suspension, is measured with a sensitive piezoelectric dynamometer. The Stokes equation is used to calculate the content of soil fractions with equivalent diameters in the range of 0.001 to 0.1 mm. Digital transmission of results from the dynamometer, the temperature sensor and measurements of the distance defining the depth of immersion of the float to the computer enable calculations of particle size composition to be performed automatically. This paper presents the results of measurements of the particle size composition of artificially generated mixtures of ‘silt’ and ‘clay’. The results are compared with results obtained with other methods (including the laser method). A high level of repeatability of the results and satisfactory compatibility in relation to the reference pipette method are noted.

Navy and black bean-based dog foods are digestible during weight loss in overweight and obese adult companion dogs

SummaryCommon beans (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) are a nutrient-dense, low glycemic index food that supports healthy weight management in people and was examined for dogs. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and nutrient utilisation of navy (NB) and black (BB) bean-based diets in overweight or obese companion dogs undergoing a weight loss intervention. A nutritionally complete, dry extruded dog food was used as the control (CON) diet and two isocaloric, nutrient matched bean diets, containing either 25% w/w cooked BB or NB powder formed the test diets. Diets were fed to adult, overweight companion dogs for either four weeks (short-term study, n = 30) or for twenty-six weeks (long-term study, n = 15) at 60% of maintenance calories for ideal weight. Apparent weight loss increased over time in both the short- and long-term studies (p < 0.001) but was not different between the three study groups: apparent weight loss was between 4.05% – 6.14% for the short-term study and 14.0% – 17.9% in the long-term study. The ATTD was within expected ranges for all groups, whereby total dry matter and crude protein ATTD was 7–8% higher in the BB diet compared to CON (P < 0.05), crude fat ATTD was similar across all diets, and nitrogen free extract ATTD was 5–6% higher in both BB and NB compared to CON (P < 0.05). Metabolisable energy was similar for all diets, and ranged from 3,434–3,632 kcal/kg. At the end of each study period, dogs had haemoglobin levels ≥12 g/dl, packed cell volume ≥36%, albumin ≥2.4 g/dl, ALP ≤ 300 IU/l and all median values for each group were within defined limits for nutritional adequacy. This investigation demonstrated that BB and NB diets were safe, digestible, and supported weight loss in calorically restricted, overweight or obese, adult companion dogs.

Study the Ferro-Surface Tension on Magnetization Degree of Ferrofluid

Surface tension of ferrofluid, an important parameter enclosing the boundary condition of ferro-hydrodynamic ( FHD ) problem, is investigated in this study. Referred to modified Langevin function and apparent weight loss theory, an auxiliary experimental mechanism of ring-pull method is then designed and set up, which will be used to determine the surface tension of testing sample through various magnetization degree induced by field intensity. While compared with the results predicted from Rayleigh theory using commercial product of Matsumoto Co., an excellent agreement is delivered within the working magnetic intensity 0~40 mT. Here dimensionless parameter α is found to dorminate the prompt increase of surface tension coefficient as the ferro-magnetization ratio reaches at 70 % saturation magnetization. .

Preservation of Fresh Areca Nuts with Several Herbal Medicine Extracts

In order to explore effects of Chinese herbal medicine extracts on preservation of fresh areca nuts, extracts from ginger, garlic and leaves of several Hainan tropical drug plants such as Macaranga hemsleyana Pax ＆ Hoffm, Canthium horridu Bl., Hainania trichosperma Merr., Vatica mangachapoi Blanco, together with water-soluble chitosan were used to preserve fresh areca nut. In the process, changes of apparent, weight loss, pH value, VC content and total sugar content were determined. Results showed that the Macaranga hemsleyana Pax ＆ Hoffm extracts give the best fresh preservation effects on areca nuts. With the same preservation time, fresh areca nuts rate is the highest and changes of every measured value are smallest. The fresh keeping period can be stretched from 12days to 21days under the same circumstance.

Dynamics of Heavy Deck Lift-Off From Transportation Barge

The size of present day offshore topsides are growing rapidly, with large capacity, complex modules being transported and lifted offshore. This increase in size results in offshore lift weights which are near crane capacity of HLVs (heavy lift vessels). The offshore installation operation involves lift-off of heavy modules from a transportation barge moored perpendicular to the stern of the HLV. Previous experiences with lift analyses indicate that most significant hook load occurs while the module is being lifted off the transportation barge. This can be attributed to the fact that the crane vessel, topside and the transportation barge are all dynamically coupled together and during the “lift-off” condition the module experiences upward and downward impulsive forces from the transportation barge, which in turn increase the apparent weight of the module and hence the hook loads. This paper studies the dynamics of heavy deck lift-off from the transportation barge, when the sea fastening from the module has been removed and all three bodies (transportation barge, HLV and Module) are mechanically coupled through slings, lashings and fenders. The effect of various crane line pretensions, wave, current and wind has been investigated and the resulting DAFs (dynamic amplification factors) of the hook loads have been compared. The effect of wind and current on the lift operation has also been investigated. The “lift in air” case has been studied and compared with the “lift off” case. Multi Operational Structural Engineering Simulator (MOSES) has been used to carry out 3D time domain analysis of lift off and lift in air cases. McDermott’s HLV, 300 class transport barge and a topside weight of 1,500MT have been analyzed for the study.